US v. Carl

Filing 920100129

Opinion

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var WPFootnote1 = 'Of the District of New Hampshire, sitting by designation.\
'

var WPFootnote2 = 'Riley was the subject of a separate criminal complaint.\
'

var WPFootnote3 = 'According to the testimonies of Riley, Frisco, and Black, a\
"hundred-rock" is the amount of crack that can be purchased with\
one-hundred dollars and is usually approximately 1 gram. Similarly,\
a "fifty-rock" is the amount of crack that can be purchased for\
fifty dollars and is usually approximately 0.5 gram. An "eight-ball" is 0.125 ounce, which is approximately 3.5 grams.\
'

var WPFootnote4 = 'As the government notes, Carl\'s argument appears to allege\
violations of both his Sixth and Fifth Amendment rights, although\
he frames the issue as implicating only the Sixth Amendment. Even\
if Carl\'s Fifth Amendment argument were deemed not waived and\
sufficiently explicated to warrant our review, our analysis would\
not change. "Statements induced in violation of Miranda\'s\
safeguards are appropriate for analysis under the \'harmless beyond\
a reasonable doubt\' test." United States v. Batista-Polanco, 927\
F.2d 14, 21 (1st Cir. 1991).\
'

var WPFootnote5 = 'Carl asks us to apply a heightened level of scrutiny to the\
testimony of drug-addicted cooperating witnesses. He asserts that\
the Third, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Circuits have adopted such a\
standard. See, e.g., United States v. Beler, 20 F.3d 1428, 1435\
(7th Cir. 1994); United States v. Miele, 989 F.2d 659, 666 (3d Cir.\
1993); United States v. Simmons, 964 F.2d 763, 776 (8th Cir. 1992);\
United States v. Robison, 904 F.2d 365, 371 (6th Cir. 1990). We\
decline to abandon the standard set forth in Sepulveda and\
subsequent cases.\
'

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