US v. Brown

Filing 920110127

Opinion

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var WPFootnote1 = 'Of the District of New Hampshire, sitting by designation.\
'

var WPFootnote2 = 'In general terms and only in pertinent part, the statutes\
referring to buildings are (1) armed night-time breaking and\
entering a dwelling with intent to commit a felony, Mass. Gen. Laws\
ch. 266, § 14; (2) unarmed night-time breaking and entering a\
dwelling with intent to commit a felony, id. § 15; (3) night-time\
breaking and entering a building, ship, vessel, or vehicle with\
intent to commit a felony, id. § 16; breaking and entering a\
building, ship, vessel, or vehicle with intent to commit a\
misdemeanor, id. § 16A; night-time entering without breaking or\
daytime breaking and entering an occupied building, ship, vessel,\
or vehicle with intent to commit a felony, id. § 17; and night-time\
entering without breaking an unoccupied dwelling or daytime\
entering and breaking an unoccupied building, ship, vessel, or\
vehicle with intent to commit a felony, id. § 18.\
'

var WPFootnote3 = 'Compare United States v. Parks, 620 F.3d 911, 913-14 (8th\
Cir. 2010), United States v. Lipscomb, 619 F.3d 474, 477 (5th Cir.\
2010), and United States v. Woods, 576 F.3d 400, 414-15 (7th Cir.\
2009) (Easterbrook, J., dissenting), with Lipscomb, 619 F.3d at 493\
(Stewart, J., dissenting), and Woods, 576 F.3d at 406, with United\
States v. Daye, 571 F.3d 225, 229 n.4 (2d Cir. 2009).\
'

var WPFootnote4 = 'The Second and Eighth Circuits have held that non-residential\
burglary is per se a "crime of violence" under § 4B1.2(a)(2). See\
United States v. Brown, 514 F.3d 256, 268-69 (2d Cir. 2008); United\
States v. Hascall, 76 F.3d 902, 906 (8th Cir. 1996). The Fourth,\
Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits have held that non-residential\
burglary is per se not a "crime of violence" under § 4B1.2(a)(2). \
See United States v. Harrison, 58 F.3d 115, 119 (4th Cir. 1995);\
United States v. Spell, 44 F.3d 936, 938-39 (11th Cir. 1995) (per\
curiam); United States v. Smith, 10 F.3d 724, 732-33 (10th Cir.\
1993) (per curiam). Four other circuits have rejected both per se\
rules. See Matthews, 374 F.3d at 880; United States v. Hoults, 240\
F.3d 647, 652 (7th Cir. 2001); United States v. Wilson, 168 F.3d\
916, 926-29 (6th Cir. 1999); United States v. Jackson, 22 F.3d 583,\
585 (5th Cir. 1994).\
'

var WPFootnote5 = 'In Commonwealth v. Rudenko, 907 N.E.2d 254 (Mass. App. Ct.\
2009), the court stated that "the term [building] is to be given\
its common and accepted everyday meaning, . . . as for example, \'a\
structure or edifice inclosing a space within its walls and usually\
. . . covered with a roof.\' Black\'s Law Dictionary 194-195 (6th\
ed. 1990)." Id. at 257 (quoting Commonwealth v. Jackson, 641\
N.E.2d 711, 712 (Mass. App. Ct. 1994)) (emphasis removed). Section\
16 applied to a burglary of a "locked, fenced-in delivery hall"\
that shared a wall with a Home Depot building but that lacked a\
roof, because the delivery hall counted as a "building." Id. at\
257-58.\
'

var WPFootnote6 = 'See United States v. Johnson, 529 U.S. 53, 57-60 (2000);\
United States v. Goldberg, 239 F. App\'x 993, 994 (6th Cir. 2007);\
United States v. Williams, 475 F.3d 468, 479 (2d Cir. 2007), cert.\
denied, 552 U.S. 1105 (2008).\
'

var WPFootnote7 = 'Compare Mujahid v. Daniels, 413 F.3d 991, 995 (9th Cir.\
2005), cert. denied, 547 U.S. 1149 (2006), with Burkey v. Marberry,\
556 F.3d 142, 149 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 458 (2009).\
'

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