The Authors Guild v. Google, Inc.
Filing
42
JOINT APPENDIX, volume 2 of 6, (pp. 301-600), on behalf of Appellant Jim Bouton, Joseph Goulden, Betty Miles and The Authors Guild, FILED. Service date 04/07/2014 by CM/ECF.[1196248] [13-4829]
13-4829-cv
United States Court of Appeals
for the
Second Circuit
THE AUTHORS GUILD, BETTY MILES, JIM BOUTON, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
HERBERT MITGANG, DANIEL HOFFMAN, individually and on behalf of all
others similarly situated, PAUL DICKSON, THE MCGRAW-HILL
COMPANIES, INC., PEARSON EDUCATION, INC., SIMON & SCHUSTER,
INC., ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PUBLISHERS, INC., CANADIAN
STANDARD ASSOCIATION, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., individually and
on behalf of all others similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
v.
GOOGLE, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
JOINT APPENDIX
(UN-SEALED REDACTED VERSION)
Volume 2 of 6 (Pages A-301 to A-600)
DURIE TANGRI
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, California 94111
(415) 362-6666
– and –
WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE
AND DORR LLP
1875 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 663-6600
Attorneys for Defendant-Appellee
FRANKFURT KURNIT KLEIN & SELZ, P.C.
488 Madison Avenue, 10th Floor
New York, New York 10022
(212) 980-0120
– and –
JENNER & BLOCK
1099 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 639-6000
Attorneys for Plaintiffs-Appellants
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
District Court Docket Entries ....................................
A-1
Excerpts from the Objection of Amazon.com, Inc.
to Proposed Settlement, dated September 1, 2009
A-53
Excerpts from the Objections of Microsoft
Corporation to Proposed Settlement and
Certification of Proposed Settlement Class and
Sub-Classes, dated September 8, 2009 ..................
A-65
Excerpts from the Memorandum of Amicus Curiae
Open Book Alliance in Opposition to the
Proposed Settlement, filed September 8, 2009 ......
A-78
Excerpts from the Objection of Yahoo!Inc. to Final
Approval of the Proposed Class Action
Settlement, filed September 8, 2009 ......................
A-80
Declaration of Michael J. Boni in Support of
Motion to Approve the Amended Settlement
Agreement, dated November 13, 2009
(Omitted herein)
Exhibit 2 to Boni Declaration –
Amended Settlement Agreement, dated
November 13, 2009 ...............................................
A-83
Opinion of the Honorable Denny Chin, dated
March 22, 2011 ......................................................
A-127
Fourth Amended Class Action Complaint, dated
October 14, 2011....................................................
A-175
Defendant Google Inc.’s Answer to Plaintiffs’
Fourth Amended Complaint, dated June 14, 2012
A-191
ii
Page
Declaration of Judith A. Chevalier in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 18, 2012 ..............................
A-201
Exhibit A to Chevalier Declaration –
Expert Report of Judith A. Chevalier, dated
May 4, 2012 ...........................................................
A-203
Declaration of Dan Clancy in Support of Defendant
Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary Judgment,
dated July 26, 2012 ................................................
A-222
Exhibit A to Clancy Declaration –
Cooperative Agreement between Google Inc. and
Regents of the University of Michigan/University
Library, dated June 15, 2005..................................
A-228
Exhibit B to Clancy Declaration –
Search Results Page for the Query “Steve
Hovley” ..................................................................
A-241
Exhibit C to Clancy Declaration –
Portion of an About the Book Page that is
Displayed when one clicks on Ball Four in the
Search Results Pictured in Exhibit B .....................
A-243
Exhibit D to Clancy Declaration –
Portion of the About the Book Page Depicted in
Exhibit C Showing the Snippets Displayed ...........
A-245
Exhibit E to Clancy Declaration –
Excerpt from a Search Page for Black’s Law
Dictionary ..............................................................
A-247
Exhibit F to Clancy Declaration –
Page Showing Foul Ball in Partner Program
Preview ..................................................................
A-249
iii
Page
Exhibit G to Clancy Declaration –
Webpage at http://books.google.com/
googlebooks/testimonials.html Reflecting User
Comments on Google Books .................................
A-251
Exhibit H to Clancy Declaration –
Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions
of Digitized Books by Jean-Baptiste Michel .........
A-259
Declaration of Joseph C. Gratz in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 27, 2012 ..............................
A-267
Exhibit 1 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Deposition Transcript of Paul N.
Courant, dated April 23, 2012................................
A-270
Exhibit 2 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Deposition Transcript of Paul Aiken,
dated April 19, 2012 ..............................................
A-283
Exhibit 3 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Plaintiffs’ Responses and Objections
to Defendant Google Inc.’s First Set of
Interrogatories, dated April 27, 2012 .....................
A-298
Exhibit 4 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Deposition Transcript of Judith A.
Chevalier, dated June 8, 2012 ................................
A-307
Exhibit 5 to Gratz Declaration –
Letter from Pamela Samuelson to the Honorable
Denny Chin, dated February 13, 2012 ...................
A-310
Exhibit 6 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Deposition Transcript of Eric Zohn,
dated April 13, 2012 ..............................................
A-316
iv
Page
Exhibit 7 to Gratz Declaration –
Exhibit 2 to the Deposition Transcript of Eric
Zohn .......................................................................
A-322
Declaration of Albert N. Greco in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 23, 2012 ..............................
A-325
Exhibit A to Greco Declaration –
Expert Report of Albert N. Greco, dated
May 3, 2012 ...........................................................
A-327
Declaration of Kurt Groetsch in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 25, 2012 ..............................
A-335
Declaration of Bruce S. Harris in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 23, 2012 ..............................
A-340
Exhibit A to Harris Declaration –
Expert Report of Bruce S. Harris, dated
May 3, 2012, with Exhibits D-H ...........................
A-342
Declaration of Brad Hasegawain in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 25, 2012 ..............................
A-392
Declaration of Stephane Jaskiewicz in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 25, 2012 ..............................
A-395
Declaration of Gloriana St. Clair in Support of
Defendant Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary
Judgment, dated July 18, 2012 ..............................
A-398
Exhibit A to St. Clair Declaration –
Expert Report of Gloriana St. Clair, dated
May 3, 2012 ...........................................................
A-400
v
Page
Local Rule 56.1 Statement in Support of Defendant
Google Inc.’s Motion for Summary Judgment,
dated July 27, 2012 ................................................
A-417
Declaration of Joanne Zack in Support of Plaintiffs’
Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, dated
July 26, 2012 ..........................................................
A-429
Exhibit 1 to Zack Declaration –
U.S. Copyright Office Certificate of Registration
No. A173097 ..........................................................
A-435
Exhibit 2 to Zack Declaration –
U.S. Copyright Office Certificate of Registration
No. TX0000338841 ...............................................
A-438
Exhibit 3 to Zack Declaration –
U.S. Copyright Office Certificate of Registration
No. A346254 ..........................................................
A-441
Exhibit 4 to Zack Declaration –
Printouts from Google’s Website displaying
Search Results in Jim Bouton, Ball Four ..............
A-444
Exhibit 5 to Zack Declaration –
Printouts from Google’s Website displaying
Search Results for the Term “pitch” in Jim
Bouton, Ball Four ..................................................
A-510
Exhibit 6 to Zack Declaration –
Printouts from Google’s Website displaying
Search Results for the Term “pitches” in Jim
Bouton, Ball Four ..................................................
A-516
Exhibit 7 to Zack Declaration –
Printouts from Google’s Website displaying
Search Results in Betty Miles, The Trouble with
Thirteen ..................................................................
A-522
vi
Page
Exhibit 8 to Zack Declaration –
Printouts from Google’s Website displaying
Search Results in Joseph Goulden, The
Superlawyers: the Small and Powerful World of
the Great Washington Law Firms ..........................
A-532
Exhibit 9 to Zack Declaration –
Excerpts from a Spreadsheet produced by Google
identifying approximately 2.7 million scanned
Books Google has distributed to Libraries ............
A-542
Exhibit 10 to Zack Declaration –
Printout from http://www.authorsguild.org/about/
history. html ...........................................................
A-546
Exhibit 11 to Zack Declaration –
Printout from http://investor.google.com/
corporate/faq.html ..................................................
A-549
Exhibit 12 to Zack Declaration –
“Google Checks Out Library Books,” dated
December 14, 2004 ................................................
A-555
Exhibit 13 to Zack Declaration –
Pages 1, 2, 15, and 56 of Google Inc.’s 2011
Form 10-K .............................................................
A-559
Exhibit 14 to Zack Declaration –
Pages 1, 3, and 50 of Google Inc.’s 2010 Form
10-K .......................................................................
A-564
Exhibit 15 to Zack Declaration –
Google Print Partner Development: Global Sales
Conference
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-1-CA-16) .........
A-568
vii
Page
Exhibit 16 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Daniel Clancy
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-17-CA-83) .......
A-569
Exhibit 17 to Zack Declaration –
Google Book Partner Program Standard Terms
and Conditions .......................................................
A-570
Exhibit 18 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Thomas Turvey
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-84-CA-115)......
A-579
Exhibit 19 to Zack Declaration –
Printout from http://support.google.com/
books/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=43729I .......
A-580
Exhibit 20 to Zack Declaration –
Announcement from Google, “Committee on
Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Joins Google’s
Library Project,” dated June 6, 2007 .....................
A-582
Exhibit 21 to Zack Declaration –
Declaration of Daniel Clancy in Support of
Google Inc.’s Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for
Class Certification, filed February 8, 2012 ............
A-586
Exhibit 22 to Zack Declaration –
Printout from http://support.google.com/
books/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=43751. ........
A-591
Exhibit 23 to Zack Declaration –
Compilation of Documents produced by Google
(Portions of Exhibit 23 Filed Under Seal.
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix
at pp. CA-116-CA-308) .........................................
A-593
viii
Page
Exhibit 24 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Kurt Groetsch
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-309-CA-340) ...
A-685
Exhibit 25 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Stephane Jaskiewicz
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-341-CA-372) ...
A-686
Exhibit 26 to Zack Declaration –
Defendant Google Inc.’s Supplemental Narrative
Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs’ Second
Request for Production of Documents and Things
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-373-CA-388) ...
A-687
Exhibit 27 to Zack Declaration –
Excerpts from the Defendant Google Inc.’s
Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs’ First Set
of Requests for Admission .....................................
A-688
Exhibit 28 to Zack Declaration –
Printout from http://www.google.com/
googlebooks/library.html .......................................
A-705
Exhibit 29 to Zack Declaration –
QA Training Manual
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-389-CA-407) ...
A-707
Exhibit 30 to Zack Declaration –
Excerpts from a Spreadsheet produced by Google
A-708
ix
Page
Exhibit 31 to Zack Declaration –
E-mail from Joseph Gratz to Joanne Zack, dated
December 9, 2011
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-408-CA-409) ...
A-712
Exhibit 32 to Zack Declaration –
Library of Congress Trip Report
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-410-CA-422) ...
A-713
Exhibit 33 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Paul Courant
(Redacted Version. Unredacted Version
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix at pp.
CA-423-CA-437) ...................................................
A-714
Exhibit 34 to Zack Declaration –
“Google Print Full Text Book Mini-GPS,” dated
December 10, 2003
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-438-CA-454) ...
A-748
Exhibit 35 to Zack Declaration –
“Google Print: A Book Discovery Program,”
dated October 15, 2004
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-455-CA-478) ...
A-749
Exhibit 36 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Gloriana St. Clair ...........
A-750
Exhibit 37 to Zack Declaration –
Expert Report of Daniel Gervais ...........................
A-782
x
Page
Exhibit 38 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of James Crawford
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-479-CA-497) ...
A-797
Exhibit 39 to Zack Declaration –
Expert Report of Benjamin Edelman .....................
A-798
Exhibit 40 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Bruce Harris ...................
A-808
Exhibit 41 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Albert Greco ..................
A-825
Exhibit 42 to Zack Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Judith Chevalier
(Redacted Version. Confidential Pages
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix at
pp. CA-498-CA-501) .............................................
A-852
Exhibit 43 to Zack Declaration –
Defendant Google Inc.’s Responses and
Objections to Plaintiffs’ First Set of
Interrogatories ........................................................
A-909
Plaintiffs’ Statement of Undisputed Facts in Support
of Their Motion for Partial Summary Judgment,
dated July 26, 2012
(Public Redacted Version. Confidential Pages
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix at
pp. CA-502-CA-508) .............................................
A-927
Plaintiffs’ Response to Defendant Google Inc.’s
Local Rule 56.1 Statement, dated
August 26, 2013
(Public Redacted Version. Confidential Pages
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix at
pp. CA-509-CA-516) .............................................
A-949
xi
Page
Declaration of Michael J. Boni in Support of
Plaintiffs’ Opposition to Defendant Google’s
Motion for Summary Judgment, dated
August 26, 2013 .....................................................
A-979
Exhibit 1 to Boni Declaration –
Compilation of Google Snippet Displays from
Jim Bouton’s Baseball Memoir Ball Four .............
A-982
Exhibit 2 to Boni Declaration –
Google Snippet Displays from Joseph Goulden’s
History Superlawyers............................................. A-1074
Exhibit 3 to Boni Declaration –
Google Snippet Displays from Betty Miles’s
Novel The Trouble with Thirteen ........................... A-1172
Exhibit 4 to Boni Declaration –
Internal Memos produced by Google to The
American Society of Media Photographers, Inc.
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-517-CA-521) ... A-1204
Exhibit 5 to Boni Declaration –
Cover, Table of Contents, and Complete Chapter
Two with Answer Key for The Seinfeld Aptitude
Test by Beth Golub (Carol Publishing Group,
1994) ...................................................................... A-1205
Exhibit 6 to Boni Declaration –
Cover, Table of Contents, and First Three Pages
of each Chapter from Welcome to Twin Peaks
(1990 Publications International Ltd.) ................... A-1244
xii
Page
Exhibit 7 to Boni Declaration –
Excerpts from the Deposition of Bradley
Hasegawa
(Filed Under Seal. Reproduced in the
Confidential Appendix at pp. CA-522-CA-538) ... A-1271
Exhibit 8 to Boni Declaration –
Printout from a Webpage on Amazon.com,
obtained by clicking on the “Amazon” Link on
the Google Books Page for Joseph Goulden’s
book Superlawyers................................................. A-1272
Exhibit 9 to Boni Declaration –
Printout from a Webpage on Amazon.com,
obtained by running a Search on Amazon.com for
“Steve Hovley” ...................................................... A-1277
Exhibit 10 to Boni Declaration –
Printout from a Webpage on Amazon.com,
obtained by running a Search on Amazon.com for
“Minoru Yasui” ...................................................... A-1287
Declaration of Paul Aiken in Support of Plaintiffs’
Opposition to Defendant Google’s Motion for
Summary Judgment, dated August 26, 2013 ......... A-1290
Attachment A to Aiken Declaration –
Amazon Press Release: “Amazon.com Launches
“Search Inside the Book” Enabling Customers to
Discover Books by Searching and Previewing the
Text Inside” ............................................................ A-1302
Attachment B to Aiken Declaration –
“The Great Library of Amazonia,” Wired
Magazine, November 12, 2003 .............................. A-1305
xiii
Page
Attachment C to Aiken Declaration –
“News: A9, Amazon’s Search Portal, Goes Live:
Reverberations Felt in Valley,” John Battelle’s
Search Blog, April 14, 2004................................... A-1314
Attachment D to Aiken Declaration –
“Can Amazon Unplug Google?” Business 2.0,
April 15, 2004 ........................................................ A-1319
Attachment E to Aiken Declaration –
“Amazon to Take Searches on Web to a New
Depth,” The New York Times,
September 15, 2004 ............................................... A-1325
Attachment F to Aiken Declaration –
“Amazon’s A9 Launches Visual Yellow Pages,”
Search Engine Watch, January 26, 2005 ................ A-1329
Attachment G to Aiken Declaration –
“Google Hires Amazon Search Chief,” Seattle
Post-Intelligencer, February 7, 2006 ..................... A-1333
Attachment H to Aiken Declaration –
“Google Announces New Mapping Innovations
at Where 2.0 Conference,” News from Google,
May 29, 2007 ......................................................... A-1337
Declaration of Joseph C. Gratz in Opposition to
Plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment,
dated August 26, 2013 ........................................... A-1340
Exhibit 1 to Gratz Declaration –
Portion of the Web Page resulting from a Search
on the Library of Congress Catalog at
http://catalog.loc.gov for the Query “500 Pearl
Street” .................................................................... A-1344
xiv
Page
Exhibit 2 to Gratz Declaration –
Portion of the Web Page resulting from a Search
on https://books.google.com for the Query “500
Pearl Street” ........................................................... A-1346
Exhibit 3 to Gratz Declaration –
Portion of the Web Page that results from
clicking on the Result Alas! What Brought Thee
Hither?: The Chinese in New York, 1800-1950 in
Exhibit 2................................................................. A-1348
Exhibit 4 to Gratz Declaration –
Portion of the Web Page resulting from a Search
on https://books.google.com for the Query “Hong
Kee Kang” ............................................................. A-1350
Exhibit 5 to Gratz Declaration –
Portion of the Web Page that results from
clicking on the Result Chinese America, History
and Perspectives in Exhibit 4 ................................ A-1352
Exhibit 6 to Gratz Declaration –
Printout from http://www.amazon.com/gp/offerlisting/B002H9DITW ............................................ A-1354
Exhibit 7 to Gratz Declaration –
Marc Egnal, Evolution of the Novel in the United
States: The Statistical Evidence, 37:2 Soc. Sci.
Hist. 231 (2013) ..................................................... A-1356
Exhibit 8 to Gratz Declaration –
Written Testimony submitted by Paul Aiken to
the Committee on the Judiciary of the United
States House of Representatives in connection
with a September 10, 2009 Hearing titled
“Competition and Commerce in Digital Books” ... A-1381
xv
Page
Exhibit 9 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of the Deposition Transcript of Paul
Aiken...................................................................... A-1412
Exhibit 10 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of the Deposition Transcript of Betty
Miles ...................................................................... A-1419
Exhibit 11 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of Plaintiffs’ Reponses and Objections
to Defendant Google Inc.’s First Set of
Interrogatories to Plaintiffs The Authors Guild,
Inc., Jim Bouton, Joseph Goulden and Betty
Miles herein, served on April 27, 2012.................. A-1425
Exhibit 12 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of the Deposition Transcript of Jim
Bouton.................................................................... A-1432
Exhibit 13 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of the Deposition Transcript of Joseph
Goulden.................................................................. A-1435
Exhibit 14 to Gratz Declaration –
Exhibit 6 to the Deposition of Paul Aiken ............. A-1445
Exhibit 15 to Gratz Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Daniel Gervais ............... A-1448
Exhibit 16 to Gratz Declaration –
Deposition Transcript of Benjamin G. Edelman .... A-1509
Exhibit 17 to Gratz Declaration –
Exhibit 5 to the Deposition of Jim Bouton ............ A-1588
Exhibit 18 to Gratz Declaration –
Exhibit 2 to the Deposition of Betty Miles ............ A-1590
xvi
Page
Exhibit 19 to Gratz Declaration –
Exhibit 16 to the Deposition of Benjamin G.
Edelman ................................................................. A-1592
Exhibit 20 to Gratz Declaration –
Excerpts of the Deposition Transcript of Judith A.
Chevalier ................................................................ A-1595
Declaration of Scott Dougall in Opposition to
Plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment,
dated August 22, 2013 ........................................... A-1602
Google Inc.’s Responses and Objections to
Plaintiffs’ Statement of Undisputed Facts in
Support of Their Motion for Partial Summary
Judgment, dated August 26, 2013
(Public Redacted Version. Confidential Pages
Reproduced in the Confidential Appendix at
pp. CA-539-CA-555) ............................................. A-1605
Notice of Appeal, dated December 23, 2013 ............. A-1639
A-301
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
(1)
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 12
Google's digital copying of entire in-copyright print works for its own
uses is of a commercial nature and not for the purposes of criticism,
comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research. Google
copies print books to benefit its commercial search engine and thereby
gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in the search engine business.
Google digitally copies print books in bulk without regard to their content.
Google adds no expression, meaning or message to the books. Merely
changing the format or medium of a work, as Google has done here by
reproducing the books from print to electronic form, is not
"transformative" within the meaning of Section 107 of the Copyright Act.
The books copied by Google are creative works of authorship, regardless
of whether the books are fiction or non-fiction. Google copies the books in
their entirety, maintains multiple copies of the entire books on its servers
and on tape, and makes non-display and display uses of the books in their
entirety. Because Google' s digital copying involves mere duplication for
commercial purposes, a presumption of market harm exists. Google's
digital copying without permission or compensation deprives copyright
owners of revenues for such copies. Google's maintenance of digital
copies on its servers also creates a risk of further unlawful dissemination
of the books. Further, unrestricted and widespread conduct of the sort
engaged in by Google would result in a substantially adverse impact on
the value of and potential market for the books. A finding of fair use
would legitimize widespread unauthorized mass digitization. It would
impede the development of collective licenses for the digital copying,
3
A-302
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
Filed 07/27/12 Page 5 of 12
distribution, display, pUblication and other uses of books and book
excerpts in, inter alia, search engines and other book databases. It would
pennit others in addition to Google to create online book databases with
insufficient security to prevent widespread piracy of copyrighted books.
Conversely, if Google's unauthorized copying is found not to be fair,
licenses providing compensation would be required for such copying, and
copyright owners could require in such licenses that financial
responsibility for the risks of unauthorized uses be fairly allocated
between the parties to the license.
(2)
Google's distribution to libraries of entire digital copies of in-copyright
works is of a commercial nature and not for the purposes of criticism,
comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research. Google's
distribution of digital copies to libraries is a quid pro quo for the libraries
allowing Google to copy the print books to benefit Google's commercial
search engine and thereby gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in
the search engine business. Google distributes digital copies of the books
without regard to their content. Google adds no expression, meaning or
message to the books distributed. Merely changing the format or medium
of a work, as Google has done here by reproducing the books from print to
electronic form, is not ~'transformative" within the meaning of Section 107
of the Copyright Act. The books distributed by Google are creative works
of authorship, regardless of whether the books are fiction or non-fiction.
Google distributes digital copies of books to libraries in their entirety.
Because Google distributes entire digital copies for commercial purposes,
4
A-303
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
Filed 07/27/12 Page 6 of 12
a presumption of market hann exists. Further, Google's unauthorized
distribution to the libraries deprived the copyright owners of compensation
for such copies. Google's distribution to the libraries also creates a grave
risk of additional unauthorized digital distribution of the books by the
libraries and of piracy of the library digital copies, as a result of faulty
security andlor endeavors such as the Hathitrust and its Orphan Works'
Project. Unrestricted and widespread conduct of the sort engaged in by
Google would result in a substantially adverse impact on the value of and
potential market for the books. A finding of fair use would legitimize
widespread unauthorized distribution of digital copies of books. It would
deprive copyright owners of revenues from the sale of digital copies to
libraries and to other sources of print books for digital copying. It would
impede the development of collective licenses for the copying,
distribution, display, publication and other uses of digital copies of books
and excerpts from books. It would also pennit others in addition to Google
to create online book databases, with insufficient security to prevent
widespread piracy of copyrighted books. Conversely, if Google's
unauthorized distribution is found not to be fair, licenses providing
compensation would be required for such distribution, and copyright
owners could require in such licenses that financial responsibility for the
risks of unauthorized use be fairly allocated between the parties to the
license.
(3)
Google's display on the Internet of verbatim expression from in-copyright
works to users of its Internet search engine is of a commercial nature and
5
A-304
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
Filed 07/27/12 Page 7 of 12
not for the purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching,
scholarship or research. Google displays verbatim expression from books
to benefit its search engine and thereby gain a competitive advantage over
its rivals in the search engine business. With respect to the books that it
displays, Google displays excerpts that it calls "snippets" without regard
to the content of the books. Google adds no expression, meaning or
message to the books displayed. Merely changing the fonnat or medium of
a work, or extracting verbatim expression from a work, as Google has
done here, is not "transfonnative" within the meaning of Section I 07 of
the Copyright Act. The books displayed by Google are creative works of
authorship, regardless of whether the books are fiction or nonfiction.
Google maintains the entirety of the books on its servers. By performing
multiple searches using different search terms (including mUltiple search
terms suggested by Google itself), a single user can view substantial verbatim
expression from the books. Moreover, if the display is permitted as a fair use,
Google would be permitted to display over time virtually all of the
verbatim expression from the books to its users collectively. Because
Google displays verbatim expression for commercial purposes, a
presumption of market harm exists. Google displays such verbatim
expression without licensing it, thereby depriving the copyright owners of
compensation for such uses. Further, unrestricted and widespread conduct
of the sort engaged in by Google would result in a substantially adverse
impact on the value of and potential market for the books. A finding of
fair use would legitimize widespread unauthorized digital display. It
6
A-305
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
Filed 07/27/12 Page 8 of 12
would impede the development of collective licenses for the digital
display of books and excerpts from books in, inter alia, search engines and
other book databases. It would also pennit other website operators to
could create online book databases, but with insufficient security to
prevent widespread piracy of copyrighted books. Conversely, if Google's
unauthorized display is found not to be fair, licenses providing
compensation will be required for such display, and copyright owners
could require in such licenses that financial responsibility for the risks of
unauthorized display be fairly allocated between the parties to the license.
(4)
Ooogle's Library Project as a whole is a mass digitization, distribution and
display campaign that is not a fair use of the books, for all the reasons set
forth above.
C.
Facts supporting the above are found in the following, inter alia:
(1)
Google's Objections and Responses to Plaintiffs' First Set of Requests for
Admission;
(2)
The deposition testimony of Jim Bouton, Joseph Goulden, Betty Miles,
Paul Aiken, Daniel Clancy, Kurt Groetsch, Brad Hasegawa, Stephane
Jaskiewicz, Thomas Turvey, James Crawford, and Paul Courant;
(3)
PX 1-58, 81-86; Courant Ex. 1-3; 000G05000001, GOOG05004750,
000005004751, G00005004752, 000005000002-000005000438,
000005000459-000005000496, 000005002264-2284;
000005000001-000005004981.
(4)
The documents produced by plaintiffs;
7
A-306
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-3
Filed 07/27/12 Page 9 of 12
usership, with the ultimate goal of increasing its advertising revenues from its increased usership.
See also the response to Interrogatory 1 above.
INTERROGATORY 12:
Describe the amount and substantiality of YOUR BOOKS used in Google's Library
Project, including a statement of all factual and legal bases supporting your response.
Response:
In addition to the General Objections, plaintiffs object to this Interrogatory on the
grounds that the word "all" is overbroad and unduly burdensome in this context. Without
waiving these objections, plaintiffs respond as follows: See the response to Interrogatory 1
above.
INTERROGATORY 13:
If you contend that Google's Library Project is commercial in nature, identify all factual
and legal bases for that contention.
Response:
In addition to the General Objections, plaintiffs object to this Interrogatory on the
grounds that the word ''all'' is overbroad and unduly burdensome in this context. Without
waiving these objections, plaintiffs respond as follows:
Google's Library Project, and the copying, distribution and display of books by Google
in connection with its Library Project, are commercial in nature. See also the responses to
Interrogatories 1 and 11 above.
15
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Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 3
EXHIBIT 4
A-308
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-4
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 3
Page 1
1
**C 0 N F l DEN T I A L**
2
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
3
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
4 --------------------------------------X
5
THE AUTHORS GUILD,
et al.,
6
Plaintiffs,
7
-
8
Master Fi1e No.
against-
05 CV 8136-DC
9
10
11
GOOGLE,
12
13
INC.,
Defendant.
--------------------------------------X
14
15
June 8,
2012
16
9:30 a.m.
17
Deposition of JUDITH A.
18
CHEVALIER,
19
held at the offices of Milberg,
LLP,
One
20
Penn P1aza, New York, New York, pursuant to
21
Agreement, before NANCY SORENSEN, a Notary
22
Public of the State of New York.
23
24
25
212-279-9424
VERITEXT REPORTING COMPANY
www.veritext.com
212-490-3430
A-309
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-4
--------~---
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 3
-~--
Page 88
1
2
3
J.A.
Chevalier
CON F IDE N T I
A L
digital copies is not germane to your report?
A.
Whether or not the libraries have
4
made a digital copy and what i t is that the
5
library will do with them,
6
the scope of my assignment.
7
8
9
is not,
is outside
It may be important to the case, but
i t is not important to my report.
Q.
Do you know with respect to the
10
Google Library Project, not the Partner Program
11
portion, how many of the books that Google scans
12
and includes in the search tool,
13
i t , were commercially available books,
14
opposed to not commercially available books?
15
A.
I
16
Q.
If I
as you describe
as
don't know that.
told you that 90 percent of the
17
books were not commercially available,
18
would
that affect your opinions in any way?
19
A.
That would not affect my opinions.
20
Q.
If I
21
told you that they were 10
percent, would that affect your opinion?
22
A.
No.
23
Q.
Referring you to paragraph 10 on page
24
3 of your report,
25
halfway down,
212-279-9424
about a little, you know,
there is a
over
sentence that begins,
VERITEXT REPORTING COMPANY
www.veritext.com
212-490-3430
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 6
EXHIBITS
A-311
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
BerkeleyLaw
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOIINIA
VIA Federal Express and Fax 212-857-2346
February 13, 2012
The Honorable Denny Chin
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
Daniel Patrick Moynihan Courthouse
500 Pearl Street
New York, New York 10007
Re:
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 6
Pamela Samuelson
Richard M. Sherman Distinguished
Professor of Law and Information
UC Berkeley School of Law
434 Boalt Hall (North Addition)
Berkeley, CA 94720-7200
Tel: 510.642.6775
Fax: 510.643.2673
Email: pam@law.berkeley.edu
URL: people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~pam/
Academic Author Objections to Plaintiff’s Motion for Class Certification
Case No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
Dear Judge Chin:
The signatories to this letter are academic authors whose works of authorship are typical of the
books and other works found in the collections of major research libraries such as those of the
University of Michigan and others of Google’s library partners. We write scholarly works on a
regular basis. Our primary motivation in preparing these works is to share the knowledge we
have cultivated with other scholars and interested members of the public. Although we are not
indifferent to revenue streams we receive from books that we publish, the main reward we wish
to attain from our intellectual labors is the satisfaction of contributing to the ongoing dialogue
about issues of concern to us and, perhaps as an added bonus, a reputation for excellence in
scholarship among our peers. A number of us have made some or all of our academic work
available on an open access basis through Creative Commons licenses and the like.
Virtually all of us use Google Book Search (GBS) on a regular basis to get tips about what books
or other texts contain information relevant to our research projects. Many of our works have been
scanned by Google as part of its Library Project. Those of us whose works are part of the GBS
corpus are pleased at the prospect that our works, particularly those that are out-of-print, are now
more accessible to other scholars and members of the public through the “snippets” that Google
serves up in response to search queries seeking information that can be found in our works. We
believe that our works will be more widely read because of their accessibility through GBS,
either through greater utilization of books through lending from library collections or new sales
of our works because of links that Google provides to sources from which our works are
available.
We believe that our works of scholarship are more typical of the contents of research library
collections than works of the three named plaintiffs in this case. Betty Miles is the author of
numerous children’s books. Jim Bouton is a former baseball pitcher who has written both fiction
and nonfiction books based on his experiences as a baseball player. Joseph Goulden is a
professional writer who has written a number of nonfiction books on a variety of subjects,
including a book about “superlawyers.” None of these three are academic authors. Their books
are aimed at a popular, rather than an academic, audience. As professional writers, their
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 6
motivations and interests in having their books published would understandably be different, and
likely more commercial, than those of academic scholars. Hence, our concern is that these three
do not share the academic interests that are typical of authors of books in research library
collections. As we explain further below, the clearest indication that the named plaintiffs do not
share the same priorities typical of academic authors is their insistence on pursuing this
litigation.
Many of the academic signatories to this letter were also signatories of two letters submitted on
behalf of academic authors who objected to specific provisions of the proposed settlement of the
Authors Guild v. Google lawsuit. Those letters articulated several particularized reasons why we
thought that the interests of academic authors had not been adequately represented in the
negotiations that produced the proposed settlement. Your opinion rejecting the proposed
settlement affirmed that the interests of academic authors had not been adequately represented by
the plaintiffs or their lawyers.
It is worth noting that two of the three individual plaintiffs (Miles and Goulden) who seek to be
designated as class representatives at this point in the litigation were identified as class
representatives for purposes of the proposed settlement. The same associational plaintiff (the
Authors Guild) remains in the case. And the lawyers who now seek to be designated as class
counsel are the same as those who participated in the proposed GBS settlement negotiations.
Because they did not adequately represent the interests of academic authors in the past, we have
reason to doubt that they will represent our interests well in the future. It bears mentioning that
despite our having raised numerous objections and concerns about the proposed settlement in a
very public way by putting them in the court record, none of us has been contacted by the
proposed class representatives, the Authors Guild, or the lawyers who want to be designated as
class counsel to ask for our opinion about what our interests are, whether to pursue this litigation,
what relief to seek, on what terms to settle it, or anything else.
This lack of communication reinforces our concerns that the proposed class representatives and
the Authors Guild are not adequately representing the interests of academic authors at this
juncture. Most significantly, their decision to continue the litigation shows that they do not share
academic values, goals or objectives. None of us would have initiated a lawsuit against Google
for copyright infringement in the first place because it scanned our and other academic authors’
books for purposes of indexing their contents and serving up snippets in response to search
queries. Some of the signatories to this letter believe strongly that such scanning is fair use as a
matter of copyright law; others of us believe that Google has a plausible and probably persuasive
fair use defense to a claim of copyright infringement for such scanning; a few of us may have
doubts about the fairness of this use of books from research library collections, but even so, we
would not have felt strongly enough about the claim of infringement to initiate the lawsuit in the
first place. By pursuing this lawsuit as a class action in the aftermath of the failure of the
proposed settlement and not reaching a new settlement, we believe that the proposed class
representatives and the associational plaintiff in this case are engaged in actions that are
antithetical to the interests of academic authors who would be swept into the class that the
plaintiff’s lawyers are seeking to have certified.
Page 2 of 5
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 6
Not only do we believe that Google should not be found liable for copyright infringement for the
scanning of in-copyright books from major research library collections, but we believe that the
plaintiffs and their lawyers are asking for remedies that we find deeply troubling and counter to
our interests. We would not, for instance, want the court to issue an injunction to require Google
to stop scanning books from library partner institutions. An injunction that would forbid indexing
copyrighted works and making snippets of information available to the public raises serious First
Amendment concerns and are contrary to the values of promoting broad access to information
that academic authors share.
Nor do we think it is reasonable to seek statutory damages for each of the 12 million or so incopyright books that Google has scanned from research library collections. One can understand
that Betty Miles, Jim Bouton, and Joseph Goulden would want statutory damage awards, and
even more why class counsel would be seeking a large award for the class that might bankrupt
Google, or at least extract an extraordinarily large award (a minimum perhaps of $9 billion), for
acts which, in our opinion, have caused no actual harm to the plaintiff class. We academic
authors consider the request for statutory damages to be unreasonable and antithetical to our
interests because we think a company such as Google should not be punished so severely for acts
that have caused no harm to us or others like us, especially since so many of the books that
Google has scanned are academic works that are out-of-print and/or orphan works.
For these reasons, we object to the plaintiff’s motion for certification of the proposed class, to the
designation of Miles, Bouton, and Goulden as class representatives, and to the appointment of
Michael Boni and Joanne Zack as class counsel.
Sincerely,
Pamela Samuelson
Richard M. Sherman Distinguished Professor of Law, Berkeley Law School
On behalf of the following individuals (whose academic affiliations are for identification
purposes only):
Patricia Aufderheide, American University
Russ B. Altman, Stanford University
Steven Bellovin, Columbia University
Geoffrey C. Bowker, University of California, Irvine
Robert Brauneis, George Washington University
Dan Burk, University of California, Irvine
Michael W. Carroll, American University
Anupam Chander, University of California, Davis
Margaret Chon, Seattle University
Danielle Citron, University of Maryland
Julie E. Cohen, Georgetown University
Page 3 of 5
A-314
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
Filed 07/27/12 Page 5 of 6
Kevin Collins, Washington University in St. Louis
Robert Darnton, Harvard University
Peter Decherney, University of Pennsylvania
David L. Dill, Stanford University
Holly Doremus, University of California, Berkeley
Paul Duguid, University of California, Berkeley
Jeffrey L. Elman, University of California, San Diego
Malcolm M. Feeley, University of California, Berkeley
Edward Feigenbaum, Stanford University
Brett M. Frischmann, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
William Gallagher, Golden Gate University
Jon M. Garon, Northern Kentucky University
Laura Gasaway, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Shubha Ghosh, University of Wisconsin
Robert J. Glushko, University of California, Berkeley
Eric Goldman, Santa Clara University
Bronwyn Hall, University of California, Berkeley
Harry Hochheiser, University of Pittsburgh
Kinch Hoekstra, University of California, Berkeley
Judith E. Innes, University of California, Berkeley
Peter Jaszi, American University
Douglas W. Jones, University of Iowa
Russell Jones, University of California, Berkeley
Steven Justice, University of California, Berkeley
Jeffrey Knapp, University of California, Berkeley
Raymond Ku, Case Western Reserve University
Michael B. Landau, Georgia State University
Lawrence Lessig, Harvard Law School
Jessica D. Litman, University of Michigan
Michael Madison, University of Pittsburgh
Donald Mastronarde, University of California, Berkeley
Jonathan Masur, University of Chicago
Jerome McGann, University of Virginia
William McGeveran, University of Minnesota
Stephen McJohn, Suffolk University
Donald A. McQuade, University of California, Berkeley
Michael J. Meurer, Boston University
Deirdre Mulligan, University of California, Berkeley
Johanna Nichols, University of California, Berkeley
Anne Joseph O'Connell, University of California, Berkeley
Page 4 of 5
A-315
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-5
Filed 07/27/12 Page 6 of 6
Michael A. Olivas, University of Houston Law Center
David S. Olson, Boston College
Frank A. Pasquale, Seton Hall University
Thomas Pogge, Yale University
David Post, Temple University
Jerome Reichman, Duke University
Gene Rochlin, University of California, Berkeley
Matthew Sag, Loyola University Chicago
Niels Schaumann, William Mitchell College of Law
Rich Schneider, University of California at San Francisco
Jason Schultz, University of California, Berkeley
Jessica Silbey, Suffolk University
Eugene H. Spafford, Purdue University
Christopher Sprigman, University of Virginia
Philip B. Stark, University of California, Berkeley
Stewart E. Sterk, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Madhavi Sunder, University of California, Davis
Peter P. Swire, Ohio State University
Stefan Tanaka, University of California, San Diego
David S. Touretzky, Carnegie Mellon University
Elizabeth Townsend Gard, Tulane University
Jennifer Urban, University of California, Berkeley
Siva Vaidhyanathan, University of Virginia
Kathleen Vanden Heuvel, University of California, Berkeley
Eric von Hippel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dan Wallach, Rice University
Steven Weber, University of California, Berkeley
Alan Weinstein, University of California, Berkeley
Terry Winograd, Stanford University
Martha Woodmansee, Case Western Reserve University
Jonathan Zittrain, Harvard Law School
cc:
Michael J. Boni, Esq., Counsel for Plaintiffs
Joanne Zack, Esq., Counsel for Plaintiffs
Daralyn J. Durie, Esq., Counsel for Defendant
Joseph C. Gratz, Esq., Counsel for Defendant
Page 5 of 5
A-316
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-6
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 6
EXHIBIT 6
A-317
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-6
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 6
Eric 411312012
Zohn, Eric - 4/13/2012
Page 1
Page 1
1
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
UNITED STATES DTSTRICT COURT
2
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
3
4
5
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., et
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., et ))
al.,
)Civil Action
ãI. ,
) Civil Action No.
)05 CV 8136
) 05 cv 8136 (DC)
Plaintiffs,
)
Plaintiffs,
)
vs.
VS.
6
)
)
7
GOOGLE,
GOOGLE, INC.,
)
)
8
9
9
Defendant.
Defendant. )
)
----------------------------)
-------)
Friday, Apri 13,
Friday, Apri 13, 2012
2:36 p.m.
2236
10
11
12
T2
13
14
L4
15
t-5
16
I6
Videotaped Deposition of ERIC ZOHN,
Videotaped Deposition of ERIC
held at the offices of William Morris
hetd at the offices of Wiltiam Morris
Endeavor, 1325 Avenue of the Americas,
Endeavor, L325 Avenue of the
New York, New York 10019, pursuant to
New York, New York 10019, pursuant to
Subpoena, before Otis Davis, a Notary
Subpoena, before Otis Davis, a
Public of the State of New York.
Public of the State of New
17
r'7
18
1B
19
T9
20
21
2T
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
(#442672)
(# 442612)
Merrill Corporation -- San Francisco
Merrill Corporation San Francisco
800-869-9132
800-869-91 32
www.merrillcorp.com/law
www. merri lcorp. com/law
I
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Zohn, Eric
Zohn, Eric
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 6
- 4/13/2012
4/13/2012
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MS. ZACK: Objection, leading.
MS. ZACK: Objection, leading.
A.
Any agent has a fiduciary duty to its
Any agent has a fiduciary duty to its
A.
client, to the principal. We're not unlike any other
client, to the principal. We're not unlike any other
agent. We have a fiduciary duty to act in our
agent. We have a fiduciary duty to act in our
client's best interest.
It's not an arm's-length
clientts best interest. It's not an arm's-length
relationship, it's not a partnership. We're
relationship, it's not a partnership. We're an
agent, we work for our clients.
agent, we work for our clients.
How many authors are
by the
Q.
How many authors are represented by the
Q.
agents
the William Morris Endeavor
agents in the Vüilliam Morris Endeavor book
department?
MS. ZACK: Is that currently you
MS. ZACK: Is that currently you
mean?
THE WITNESS:
It doesn't matter currently
THE WITNESS: It doesn't matter currently
or not.
or
A.
A.
I don't really know the answer to that,
I don't really know the answer to that,
because there are authors we represent who have
because there are authors we represent who
written a lot of books, some we represent, some we
written a lot of books' some we represent, some
don't, there are books we represent and the clients
don't, there are books we represent and the clients
aren't here anymore because of the way the agency
arenrt here anymore because of the way the
papers are -- I mean, we probably have active current
I mean, wê probably have active current
papers are
authors, several hundred.
authors, several hundred.
Q.
a.
Can you name some of those authors?
Can you name some of those authors?
A.
A.
Sure I could.
Sure I coul-d.
Q.
O.
Would you name some of those authors?
Would you name some of those authors?
A.
A.
We represent Judy Blume, we represent
We represent Judy Blume, we represent
Daniel Keyes, we represent Kathy Reichs, we represent
Daniel Keyes, we represent Kathy ReiChs, w€ represent
800-869-9132
BO0-B 69-9132
Merrill Corporation - San Francisco
Merrill Corporation San Francisco
www.merrillcorp.com/law
w\^/w.merril-J-corp. com/Iaw
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Zohn, Eric
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 6
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4/13/2012
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Steven Leavitt, Stephen Dubner, fiction, nonfiction,
Steven Leavitt, Stephen Dubner, fiction, nonfiction,
literary fiction, all sorts of genres.
IiLerary fiction, âll sorts of genres.
Q.
In terms of the size of various literary
In terms of the size of various literary
Q.
agencies, where does
Morris Endeavor rank in
agencies, where does William Morris Endeavor rank in
terms
the
literary?
terms of the size of literarY?
Well, as
as the number of agents
A.
Well, as far as the number of agents and
A.
clients, we're I believe the biggest.
Probably the
clients, we're I believe the biggest. Probably the
biggest
probably the biggest in all respects.
biggest -- probabJ-y the biggest in al-I respects.
Most literary agencies are very small.
Most literary agencies are very small.
Q.
Do you recall whether J.J. Abrams is
Do you recall whether J.J. Abrams is one
O.
of your book clients?
of your book clients?
A.
He is.
He was a client in all areas.
A.
He is. He was a client in all areas. We
did a book deal for him.
I think the representation
did a book deal for him. I think the representation
overall is in flux, but I know we are still
overal-l- is in flux, but I know we are stil-lIt's a
representing the book that we sold for him.
representing the book that we sold for him. It's a
qualified yes.
qualified
Is Diane Keaton one of your literary
Q.
Is Diane Keaton one of your literary
a.
clients?
clients?
A.
A.
I
We sold one book for Diane Keaton.
We sol-d one book for Diane Keaton. I do
not believe she is a client otherwise.
not bel-ieve she is a cl-ient otherwise.
Q.
O.
Is John Waters one of your literary
Is John Waters one of your literary
clients?
clients?
23
23
Ã
A.
Voc
lro r e
Yes, he is.
24
24
Q.
O.
Is Alice Munro one of your literary
Is Alice Munro one of your literary
25
25
Lee
t
II
clients?
clients?
800-869-9132
BOO-B 69-9132
Merrill Corporation - San Francisco
Merritl Corporation San Francisco
www.merril-1corp. com/law
www.merrillcorp.com/law
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questions and I'll object if
think they're
questions and I'l-l object if II think they're
incorrect.
íncorrect.
Q.
Mr. Zohn, will you understand what I'm
Mr. Zohn, will you understand what I'm
Q.
asking if
refer
Library Project to include
asking if I refer to the Library Project to include
scanning
books
libraries and making certain
the scanning of books in libraries and making certain
uses
those books scanned in libraries?
uses of those books scanned in libraríes?
If they're without permission?
A.
If they're without Permission?
A.
Q.
Q.
A.
A.
Q.
O.
Yes.
Yes, I understand that distinction.
Yes, understand that distinction.
Does William Morris Endeavor have a view
Does Wil-liam Morris Endeavor have a view
as to whether the Google Books Search Library Project
as to whether the GoogJ-e Books Search Library Project
has an effect on the potential market for any books?
has an effect on the potential market for any
The view of the agency is that scanning
The view of the agency is that scanning
A.
A.
books to create a search database that may also
books to create a search database that may also
display snippets from the books is probably
disptay snippets from the books is probably
beneficial to authors, at least who appear high in
beneficiat to authors, ât least who appear high in
It's
the results of the search, but it's narrow.
the results of the search, but it's narrow. It's
using the books to create a database that's
using the books to create a database that's
searchable.
That we believe is beneficial to the
searchable. That we believe is beneficial to the
author.
author.
Anything that you may also do beyond that
Anything that you may also do beyond that
you'd have to ask me specifically.
you'd have to ask me specifical-Iy.
Q.
O.
Why does William Morris Endeavor take
Why does Wiltiam Morris Endeavor take
that view?
that view?
A.
A.
That it's beneficial to the authors?
That it's beneficial to the authors?
Q.
O.
That view, yes.
That view, Yes.
800-869-9132
B OO-8 69-9132
Merrill Corporation - San Francisco
MerriII Corporation San Francisco
\^tww. merrillcorp. com/l-aw
www.merrillcorp.com/law
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6
7
1
8
B
9
9
10
11
12
I2
13
14
I4
15
16
I6
17
r'l
18
18
19
I9
20
21
27
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
A.
Because
us it's
to a Google
Because to us it's analogous to a GoogJ-e
A.
Web site search.
think we all know how important
Web site search. I think we al} know how important
the results
let me start that again.
the results -- let me start that again.
Many people use Google as their search
Many people use Google as their search
engine and people want
come up high in the
engine and people want to come up high in the search
results and they want
people even want to come
resul-ts and they want to -- people even want to come
up next to the search results or pay to be on top of
up next to the search results or pay to be on top of
the search results, and I use that personally.
I
the search results, and I use that personal-Iy. I
search Google all the
search Google all- the time.
It's a very beneficial tool for me
It's a very beneficial- tool for me and
for my colleagues.
When we search for any sort of
for my colleagues. Vühen we search for any sort of
information on the Internet, it seems to us that
information on the Internet, it seems to us that
our -- that a similar tool for books would be as
that a similar tool for books woul-d be
our
beneficial to the authors as it is to the Web sites
beneficial- to the authors as it ís to the Web sites
that come up high in the Goog1e search.
that come up high in the Google
ô
How does that affect the potential market
Q.
How does that affect the potential market
for books?
for
A.
Well, if people are searching for
Vüelt, Lf people are searching for
A.
information and it becomes easy to find your product
information and it becomes easy to find your product
in a very, very, very, very crowded marketplace where
in a very, very, very/ very crowded marketpl-ace
there are -- I don't even know the number of how many
I don't even know the number of how many
there are
books are published every year, year after year after
books are publ-ished every year, year after year after
year, II think any tool that helps readers.or buyers
year, think any tool that helps readers-or buyers
find your product above someone else's is beneficial.
find your product above someone else's is beneficial.
Does William Morris Endeavor have a view
Q.
Does Witliam Morris Endeavor have a view
U.
800-869-9132
B O0-B 69- gI32
II
Merrill Corporation - San Francisco
MerriÌt Corporation San Francisco
www. merrillcorp - com/l-aw
www.merrillcorp.com/law
A-322
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-7
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 3
EXHIBIT 7
A-323
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-7
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 3
MEMO: Regarding the Google Book Settlement
As many of you probably know, a group of publishers and a group representing authors filed
a class action suit against Google alleging copyright infringement. This claim stemmed from
Google's digitization of books and subsequent use of those copies in its Google Book Search
program. Google Book Search allowed users to search inside a book, for quotes or other
information, and would display "Snippets" of the book containing the quote or information.
Google's stance was, and is, that the anticipated uses constituted fair use under the US Copyright Act
and could be done without permission from the copyright owner.
The parties reached a settlement on this dispute and have submitted a Settlement Agreement
to a Federal District Court. This Settlement Agreement is pending approval from the Court. While
approval is pending, copyright owners in books published before January 5, 2009 must decide
whether they wish to participate in the Settlement Agreement or opt-out of the Agreement. The
deadline for opting-out has been extended from May 5,2009 to September 4,2009. If the
rightsholder does nothing, they are immediately bound by the Settlement. Below is a brief summary
ofthe basics of the Google Book Settlement Agreement and our recommendations.
The Settlement Agreement, if approved, would bind copyright owners in any book published
prior to January 5, 2009 to its terms. The Settlement Agreement gives Google the non-exclusive
right to digitize any book published prior to January 5 and place the digitization in its Google Book
Search database. Once in the database, Google can display and/or sell electronic copies of the work,
subject to certain limitations set by the copyright owner, if the owner can be found. There are a
variety of different display options, from Snippet view to a full text display. A copyright owner is
included in the Settlement by default. However, a form must be filed to opt-out of the Settlement.
By participating, a copyright owner is binding his, her or its work to the terms of the
Settlement Agreement. The benefits to copyright owners who participate are:
if GoogJe has already digitized a work, the copyright owner is entitled to at least
$60 for each digitized book;
a copyright owner can specify which display options (Snippet, full length, etc.)
Google may use for his or her work;
a copyright owner can ask Google to remove his, her or its work from the Google
Book Search database completely; and
if Google sells a work, the copyright owner is entitled to a pre-determined
'percentage of revenues obtained from such sales.
m
~
iii
=i
The benefits to copyright owners who opt-out are:
the copyright owner retains all rights to take later legal action against Google for
any illegal uses of their book or insert;
the terms of the Settlement Agreement, which have no end date, will not apply to a
particular copyright owner's work; and
a copyright owner can specify on the opt-out form whether they want their book
removed from the Google Book Search database completely or whether they wish
to have Google contact them separately to negotiate different terms for inclusion in
the database.
Regardless of which choice is made, we do not recommend removal from GoogJe's Book
Search database. It appears that simple inclusion in the database is a fair use and not detrimental to
the copyright owner in any way. It also appears to be in an author's best interest to have their work
come up in a search through the database, just as website rankings are desirable in connection with
A-324
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1036-7
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 3
Google searches. Additionally, Google Book Search currently lists, on the right of the screen, which
distributors have the book for sale, along with a link for purchase.
That said, we believe it is in the best interest of our clients to opt-out of the Settlement
Agreement. The Settlement Agreement applies only to those works published before January 9,
2009. All works created and published after this date will require separate negotiation with Google
for inclusion in the Google Book Search database. There is an argument that later negotiated terms
may be less favorable, but we believe this speculation is unwarranted. We believe Google will be
inclined to offer similar terms for works published after January 5, and that many of our clients may
be able to demand more favorable terms or we may be able to do so on an agency wide basis.
Additionally, there is no term limit to the Settlement Agreement. If a copyright owner
participates, their work is subject to the Agreement for the term of copyright. We find it questionable
to bind some works to the Settlement terms for the term of cOPl"ght when we will be in position to
negotiate shorter terms for those works created after January 5 . Most of our clients have a list of
works they have created. It would seem easier to have the same terms applied to all these works,
rather than disparate terms for past/present works and future works.
Some rights owners may wish to participate for the cash payment, if applicable, and then tell
Google to remove their work(s) from the database. As previously stated, we do not believe it is in
the best interest of a client to have their work completely removed from the database. In addition, we
are of the belief that Google was correct in its assessment that its stated use of "Snippets" constituted
fair use under the US Copyright Act. Consequently, it is punitive to participate in the ~ettlement to
obtain the $60 dollars Google is offering because such use is legally allowable without payment or
permission.
Opting-out of the Settlement Agreement is relatively simple but must be done by Friday,
September 4, 2009. To opt-out, a rightsholder should go to the Google Book Settlement website at
www .googlebooksettlement.com and select opt-out from the tabs at the top of the screen. Contact
information on the form must be filled out, but a list of the client's affected works is not mandatory.
A rights holder has the option on the form to have Google remove their work from the database or
contact the rightsholder to discuss granting certain rights beyond simple inclusion of their works in
the database. We recommend that our clients select the box requesting Google contact them and not
the box requesting removal from the database and then refer Google to us to negotiate. Our clients
who choose to opt-out may file an opt-out fonn on their own (via the website above) or have the
agency file an opt-out form on their behalf. Clients who choose to have the agency opt-out on their
behalf should send an email togooglebooksettlement@wmeentertainment.com.
We suggest to our clients that everyone opt-out even if a publisher currently holds exclusive
publishing rights to their work. Since the Settlement Agreement applies for the term of copyright, a
client may gain control of the applicable rights before the term of copyright expires. It is better to
file an opt-out form now so that ifreversion occurs, we are positioned to negotiate with Google
accordingly. The time limit for opting-out approaching. It is possible, after going through the
trouble of opting-out, the Court will not approve the Settlement Agreement and these instructions
will be moot. However, ifthe Court approves the Settlement; we want our clients to be best suited to
benefit.
All information contained in this memo is for informational purposes only and not intended
to be legal advice. We encourage any clients who feel they are in need of legal advice regarding this
matter to consult a licensed attorney.
A-325
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 2
DURIE TANGRl LLP
DARALYN I. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. ORATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jf:,wnltz@duriemngri.com
DAVID McGO\VAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone: 415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRlCf COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRlCT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff. BErrY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECFCase
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF ALBERT N. GRECO
IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT GOOGLE INC.'S
l\-IOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGME~T
A-326
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 2
I. Albert N. Greco, declare as follows:
1.
I am a Professor of Marketing at Fordham University's School of Business: The
Gabelli S~hool of Business and the Graduate School of Business Administration.
2.
1 have been retained by Defendant Google Inc. as an expert in this matter to
describe the characteristics and practices in the book industry, such as mergers, acquisitions, and
reversions, that effect one's ability to locate rights holders for books; the benefits to authors of
making it easy for potential readers to find their books; and industry custom and practice
pertaining to the sales and marketing of books, and in particular to the practice of allowing
potential buyers to search within books.
3.
My expert report, which was submitted in this matter on May 4, 2102, is attached
hereto as Exhibit A. The facts in that report stated on my personal knowledge are true and
correct. The report also states truly and correctly my opinions in this matter, based on the facts
of which I have personal knowledge and the additional information reflected in the report.
1 declare under penaJty of perj wy under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is true and correct Executed on July .f}2012 in New York, New York.
Albert N. Greco
A-327
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 65
EXHIBIT A
A-328
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 65
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARAL YN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID F. MCGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
EXPERT REPORT OF PROFESSOR ALBERT N. GRECO
May 3,2012
A-329
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
1.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 65
I am a professor of Marketing at Fordham University's Schools of Business: The
Gabelli School of Business and the Graduate School of Business Administration. I have studied
the U.S. book publishing industry for twenty-seven years. I am the author or editor of twelve
scholarly books, twenty scholarly articles, and nineteen chapters in edited volumes. The vast
majority of these publications addressed some aspect of the book publishing industry. I also
have worked on ten professional books containing essays and statistical datasets about the book
industry. My curriculum vitae is attached to this report as Exhibit A. Cases in which I testified
previously are listed in Exhibit B. I am being paid $350 per hour for my work on this case. A
list of materials provided by counsel for Google Inc. that I considered in the preparation of this
report is attached as Exhibit C; other materials I considered are cited herein.
2.
I have been asked to describe the following:
a.
b.
The benefits to authors of making it easy for potential readers to find their
books; and
.
c.
3.
Characteristics and practices in the book industry, such as mergers,
acquisitions, and reversions, that affect one's ability to locate rights
holders for books;
Industry custom and practice pertaining to the sales and marketing of
books, and in particular to the practice of allowing potential buyers to
search within books.
In brief, my opinion on these topics is as follows:
a.
Given the many factors that make it difficult to trace rights holders, it
would be infeasible to clear rights for any comprehensive attempt to
digitize books, such as the 20 million plus books in Google Books.
b.
Custom and practice in the book industry recognize that it is both difficult
for authors to have their works discovered by potential readers and
important for authors to make it easy for readers to find their works.
Search tools such as Google Books, which make it easier for authors to be
found, benefit rather than harm authors.
c.
Authors are paid for sales, not searches. Both as a matter of industry
custom and practice, and in my own personal experience, authors do not
receive royalties in return for allowing their works to be searched. Search
tools benefit authors, and it makes no sense for authors to demand
payment or to be paid for the development of things that help them sell
books.
A-330
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
4.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 65
I understand that Google has scanned more than 20 million books in connection
with the Google Books project. I Users may search the text of these books to find books they
might wish to buy or check out from a library? For some books that are subject to copyright, a
user's search may return a "snippet" oftext. 3 On each page that shows a snippet, Google
provides links to bookstores or libraries where the book identified by- a search may be bought or
4
borrowed. Google displays no more than three snippets in response to a search, no matter how
many times a search tenn appears in a book. 5 Google does not display snippets for reference
works such as dictionaries,6 and its technology prevents users from viewing a full page of a book
or stitching snippets together to copy a whole book. 7
5.
Other books are in Google's "Partner Program." Publishers of books in this
program have given Google pennission to display full pages of text rather than snippets. Over
45,000 publishers have signed up for this program, which includes over 2.5 million books. 8 One
of my books, The Book Publishing Industry, is in the partner program.
6.
The nature of the book publishing industry makes for a very complicated rights
situation that, for some books, can be very costly and difficult if not impossible to unravel.
Based on my knowledge of the industry, and given the comprehensiveness of Google Books, in
my opinion it would not have been possible to find the copyright holder for a significant portion
of those books, much less all of them.
I Declaration of Daniel Clancy in Support of Google's Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Class Certification ~4.
For books that come from libraries working with Google, the library may choose to download a copy of books it has
provided to be scanned. Defendant Google Inc.'s Supplemental Narrative Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs'
Second Request for Production of Documents and Things, November 2, 2011, p. 8.
2 Id.
~2.
31d.
4
Id. ~3.
5
Id. ~8
61d. ~9; Deposition of Daniel Clancy, February 10,2012, at 90; 188.
7
Clancy Declaration ~10.
8
Id~6.
2
A-331
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
7.
2009.
9
Filed 07/27/12 Page 5 of 65
The Register of Copyrights records 8,636,703 books registered between 1923 and
These books are the product of many different publishers. The Commerce Department,
for example, tracks slightly more than 3,000 publishing firms.1O That 45,000 publishers
participate in Google' s Partner program indicates that the Commerce Department data reveal just
the tip of the iceberg.
8.
This large number of publishers is not static. From a rights clearance point of
view it can represent a moving target because mergers and acquisitions are common in the book
publishing industry. Particularly in the 1960s, a trend in which companies undertook
conglomerate mergers led to the acquisition, and sometimes repeated acquisition, of publishers. 11
Conglomerate mergers often did not work out, however, which led to more transactions as
conglomerates divested their publishing interests. Overall, there were 1,253 mergers and
acquisitions reported in the book industry between 1960 and 2001. 12 These transactions affect
See historical data related to the Annual Report of the Register of Copyrights covering the years 1923-2009 at
www.loc.gov. Data for 2005 was not available; no estimate was made for that year. I also reviewed annual new
book title output from the R.R. Bowker Company. Between 1923 and 2009, Bowker listed 6,178,247 new published
books. Jean Peters. "Book Industry Statistics from the R.R. Bowker Company." Publishing Research Quarterly 8,
3 (Fall 1992): 12-23. Also see various issues of The Bowker Annual and The Library and Book Trade Almanac
1990-2000; and Bowker press release "New Book Titles and Editions, 2002-20 I 0; May 2011. The Bowker Annual
changed its name to The Library and Book Trade Almanac in 2008. Also see Albert N. Greco. The Book
Publishing Industry 2nd ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2004), pages 338-341.
9
10 See U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The Statistical Abstract of the United States 2012
(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2012), page 709, Table 1128. Also see
www.census.gov/services/sas/data sumary51.html; www.census.gov/services/saslsas datalsas51.html.
II For example, Bantam Books was launched in 1945 by Ian and Betty Ballantine. At that time, the company was
owned by the Curtis Circulation Company, Grosset & Dunlap, and a few other investors. In 1968 Bantam was sold
to National General Cinema, which was itself sold to the American Financial Corporation when it acquired National
General Cinema in 1973. That same year Giovanni Agnelli's Instituto Finanazario Industriale (lFI) purchased
Bantam for $70 million. In 1976 Agnelli sold 51 % of Bantam to Bertelsmann AG. In 1986 Bertelsmann purchased
Doubleday Dell, merging them into Bantam Doubleday Dell. In 1998 Bertelsmann bought Random House from the
Newhoouse-Conde Nast operation.
12 Albert N. Greco. "Mergers and Acquisitions in the U.S. Book Publishing Industry: 1960-1989," in International
Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia, ed. Philip G. Altbach and Edith S. Hoshino (New York: Garland Publishing,
1995), pp. 229-242; Albert N. Greco. "Publishing Economics: Mergers and Acquisitions Within the Publishing
Industry 1980-1989," in Media Economics: Theory and Practice, ed. Alison Alexander, James Owers, and
Rodney Carveth (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993), pages 205-224; Albert N. Greco. "The Impact of Horizontal
Mergers and Acquisitions on Corporate Concentration in the U.S. Book Publishing Industry: 1989-1994," The
Journal of Media Economics 12, 3(Fall 1999): 165-180; Albert N. Greco. "Market Concentration in the U.S.
Consumer Book Industry: 1995-1996," The Journal ofCultural Economics 24, 4 (November 2000): 321-336;
Albert N. Greco, Clara E. Rodriguez, and Robert M. Wharton. The Culture and Commerce of Publishing in the
3
A-332
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 6 of 65
rights clearance because some companies or imprints were consolidated into existing companies
and some were acquired and terminated with little or no public notice. Some publishers, of
course, simply went out of business. 13
9.
Rights clearance can also be a moving target because even if a publisher stays in
business and keeps its name, the rights to a particular book may have reverted to the author. 14
Publishers typically have the right to declare a book out of print; in some cases such a
declaration either causes the rights to revert to the author or allows the author to claim the
rights. IS I have signed 12 book contracts and have obtained reversions of the rights in my own
books.No public notice is required if that happens. A person or company looking to clear
copyright on a book might have no way of knowing whether to contact the publisher or the
author or authors. Authors, such as plaintiffs in this case, may not be sure if they have the rights
to their books. 16 If the publisher did not keep good records, it might not know whether it had the
rights to a particular book, either.
10.
In addition to reversion, publishers, authors, or the estates of authors periodically
sell print book rights. Some of these sales are well publicized by the media but most such
transactions receive little or no public notice. There is no central agency or office reporting or
tracking these rights transactions. In the vast majority of cases in which rights were sold, looking
at the name of a book's publisher likely would not reveal who currently held the rights.
11.
As part of my scholarly study of the book publishing industry, I have discussed
sales and marketing practices with over 50 academic publishers and with large commercial
2r' Century (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), pages
10-15; Albert N. Greco. The Book Publishing
Industry 2"d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2004), pages 64-67.
13
Deposition of Joseph Goulden, January 6, 2012 pp. 70:6-71:6; Deposition of Jim Bouton 53:7-15.
14
Goulden deposition pp. 61 :22-24; Bouton deposition 75:3-9.
IS Mr. Goulden testified in his deposition the "common industry practice" is "[w]hen it goes out of print, it's yours."
Id. at 69: 12-14.
16
Deposition of Betty Miles, January 3, 2012, pp.14-16; Goulden deposition 71 :21-72:2.
4
A-333
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 7 of 65
publishers such as Random House, Penguin, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and
Macmillan. I am of course familiar with the sales and marketing efforts for my books.
12.
It is both important and hard for an author to attract the public's attention to his or
her book. The marketplace is crowded. Between 2008 and 2010 almost five million new book
titles and editions were released. 17 These books compete for an audience with each other, with
books from previous years that might catch a reader's eye, and with things other than books a
reader might choose to buy. Especially given this situation, the easier it is for a reader to find an
author's book and learn about it the more likely it is that the reader will buy it.
13.
Bookstore shelf space is very scarce. The number of book outlets in the U.S. has
declined over the past several years: there were 25,137 outlets in the U.S. in 2002 and by 2010
that total had declined to 16,968. 18 Competition for space in the remaining outlets is strong.
Between 2005 and 2010 traditional publishers alone issued over 1.7 million new titles, while a
very large bookstore, such as the typical Barnes and Noble Superstore, carries between 150,000
and 170,000 unique book titles. (And the space such stores devote to books is shrinking, as they
devote more space to games and toYS.)19 A book that does not sell well in such a store may be
pulled from the shelves and returned to the publisher for a refund or credit, so even books that
find space on the shelves may not stay there very long. There is also intense competition for
book "shelf space" at other retailers, including specialty retailers such as Costco and Target.
14.
To get the attention of consumers in this environment, publishers often use some
ofa book's content to promote the book and they do not pay royalties for such uses. 20 The
"snippet" view in Google Books is consistent with the types of uses considered promotional in
the book industry. Indeed, as noted above, books in Google's Partner Program display more text
17 R.R. Bowker. "Print Isn't Dead, Says Bowker's Annual Book Production Report." May 18, 20 II. The 20 I 0 data
in this report are estimated.
18 Dave Bogart, ed. The Library and Book Trade Almanac; various years. These totals exclude supermarkets
(approximately 35,354) and convenience stores (about 120,000).
19 Jim Milliot, Mixed Signals From B&N, Publisher's Weekly, December 2, 2011.
20
Goulden deposition 78: 5-9.
5
A-334
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1037-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 8 of 65
than just snippets and over 45,000 publishers have signed up to partner with Google. I consider
the full pnge..c; of text of The Book Publishing Industry thal an~ available on Google Books to be a
promotional use that is entirely consistent with sales and marketing custom and practice in the
book publishing industry. Authors do Dot get paid for such promotional uses; they get paid when
books are sold. 21
15.
For these reasons, I do not believe there is a market for licensing "search options~'
such as '~Search inside this book" and/or "snippets" of text. Based on my study of the book
publishing industry as well as my own experience as an author~ I see no reason to believe a
market for snippet views, or for simply indexing books in a searchable form, is likely to emerge.
Such indexing exists now on websites such as Amazon and it generates no payments for authors.
rYlore generally, it seems to get the economics of book publishing backward to think authors
would or could charge a royalty for things that make it easier for readers to find their books,
learn about them, and hopefully buy them. The market in which you pay me money to help
potential buyers fmd my book is not a reasonable or realistic market.
~(,A- ;5~
Dated: May 3, 2012
---
Albert N. Greco
J1 And Ifrhc book i!t out of print, any promotional uses will typically only lead to the sale of used books, for which
authors do not receive payment at all.
6
A-335
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1038
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 5
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARAL YN 1. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECFCase
v.
GO OGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF KURT GROETSCH SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT GOOGLE
INC.'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
A-336
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1038
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 5
I, Kurt Groetsch, hereby declare under penalty of perjury:
1.
I am Technical Collections Specialist for Defendant Google Inc. in the above-
captioned civil action. I submit this declaration in support of Defendant's Motion for Summary
Judgment. I make this declaration based on personal knowledge of the facts and circumstances
set forth herein.
2.
I hold a Master's Degree in Library and Information Science from the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. After receiving that degree in 2006, I worked as a metadata
librarian at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign until joining Google in 2007.
3.
In my work at Google, I use my expertise in library cataloging and electronic
library systems and standards to analyze library collections and consult with Google Books
engineers regarding library records and library cataloging practices.
4.
Library catalogs contain bibliographic information about books, as well as
specific information about the location of particular copies of books held by libraries. That data
generally includes the title, author, publisher, publication year, and information about the
physical form of the book, such as its number of pages and its size.
5.
A library catalog record generally also includes a "call number" which identifies a
book's location in the library's stacks. The "call number" may be of one of a number of types;
the Dewey Decimal system is one well-known system of call numbers, as is the classification
system established by the Library of Congress. A given copy of a book in a given library has
only a single call number, even if it relates to more than one topic.
6.
In addition, a library catalog record generally includes one or more subject-area
categories to which a book relates. For example, the record for the first edition of Ball Four in
the Library of Congress catalog lists it under two subject headings: "Bouton, Jim" and
2
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1038
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 5
"Basebal1." See http://lccn.1oc.gov17812012S. Some books are listed under more subject
headings: for example, Joseph Goulden's book Jeny WlIIf: Labor's Last AnglY Man is listed
under three subject headings: "Wurf, Jerry, 1919-," "AFSCME," and "Labor unions-United
States-Officials and employees-Biography." See http://lccn.1oc.gov/Sl070110.
7.
The Library of Congress Subject Headings Manual recommends that cataloging
librarians generally assi'gn no more than six subject headings to a particular work, and states that
Library of Congress practice is to assign no more than ten subject headings under any
circumstances. See http://www.loc.gov/cdsIPDFdowuloads/shm/SHM 2010-02.pdfat 12.
8.
A library catalog record does not include the contents ofa book's index (though it
frequently does indicate' whether the book has an index). Nor does a library catalog record
include the text of a book.
9.
Some library catalog records include "Titles of separate works or parts of an item
or the table of contents." http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographiclbdS05.html. These records
include chapter titles, but do not include the iudex or full contents of the book. I have reviewed
Google's database of library "MARC" records, and found that only 4.52% of those records
contain this type of information.
10.
Because a library catalog does not include the text of a book, library catalogs
cannot be used to find books by searching for words 01' phrases that appear in the text.
11.
For this reason, for example, a search of the Library of Congress catalog for
"Steve Hovley" returns no results. See bUp:/Icatalog.loc.gov/cgibinlPwebl'ccon.cgi?DB=local&Search Arg=stevc+hovley&Scarch Code=GKEY%5E*&CNT=
1OO&hist= I &type=guick. That search does !lot locate, for example, Ball Fou,. because Steve
Hovley is not among the subject headings assigned to that book and listed in the online catalog.
3
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1038
12.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 5
A search of Google Books for "Steve Hovley," on the other hand, returns dozens
of books which discuss that major leaguer, including Ball Four and a book about the 1969
Seattle Pilots (for whom Hovley played). See
https:llwww.google.com/search?g=steve+hovley&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1 .
13.
Similarly, a search of the Library of Congress catalog for "Minoru Yasui" returns
23 books, only one of which has information about the Oregon lawyer (born in 1915) who
challenged the constitutionality of curfews targeted at minority groups, and most of which are by
or about the linguist of the same name born in 1921. See http://catalog.loc.gov/cgibinlPwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search Arg=minoru+yasui&Search Code=GKEY%5E* &CNT=
100&hist=l&type=quick. The one book containing information about Mr. Yasui that is found
by this search includes chapter titles in its catalog record, and lists among those chapters,
"Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu, and Minoru Yasui, Internment resistance fighters."
http://catalog.loc.gov/cgibinlPwebrecon.cgi?v3=17&ti=1.17&SEO=201207I7170251&Search Arg=minoru%20yasui&S
earch Code=GKEY%5E%2A&CNT=IOO&type=quick&PID=05GJlfG1S3aTAkBVnuuY3iYP
WxD&SID=1
14.
By contrast, a search of Google Books returns dozens of books available in
bookstores and libraries with information about Mr. Yasui, from a reproduction of the Supreme
Court filings in Yasui v. United States to an oral history of Japanese settlers in Oregon which
contains a 28-page chapter by Yasui recounting his experience. See
httDs://www.google.comlsearch?g=minoru+yasui&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo= 1.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is true and correct.
4
A-339
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1038
Executed on this
Filed 07/27/12 Page 5 of 5
t.~1fday of July, 2012 at Mountain View, California.
U KlM(/w.eIs&"7
Groetsch
5
A-340
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 2
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARALYN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
j gratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECFCase
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF BRUCE S. HARRIS
IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT GO OGLE INC.'S
MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
A-341
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 2
1, Bruce S. Harris, declare as follows:
1.
I have been employed in the publishing industry for more than 40 years, including
work as marketing director for Crown B~oks. founder of the Harmony Books imprint, and
President of Trade Sales and Marketing at Random House. I became a consultant in 2004 and
have WOIked for both authors and publishers in that capacity.
2.
I have been retained as an expert in this matter by Defendant Google Inc. to
describe the custom and practice in the publishing industry with regard to how book content is
used to promote sales.
3.
My expert report, which was submitted in this matter on May 4,2012, is attached
hereto as Exhibit A. The &ets in that report stated on my personal knowledge are true and
correct. The report also states truly and correctly my opinions in this matter, based on the facts
ofwbich I have personal knowledge and the additional information reflected in'the report.
I declare under penalty ofperjw:y under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is we and correct. Executed on July l).., 2012 in New York, :New York.
Bruce S. Harris
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Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 47
EXHIBIT A
A-343
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Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 47
DURIE T ANGRI LLP
DARAL YN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID F. MCGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETIY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
EXPERT REPORT OF BRUCE S. HARRIS
May 3, 2012
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A-344
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
I.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 47
Scope of work and qualifications
1.
I have been asked to describe the custom and practice in the publishing industry
with regard to how book content is used to promote sales. This report sets forth my background
and the basis for my opinion, which is that Google Books' display of the content of books is
consistent with that custom and practice and is likely to benefit authors rather than to harm them.
2.
I began my publishing career at The Crown Publishing Group as a salesman,
became Marketing Director in 1970 and founded the Harmony Books imprint in 1973. In 1980 I
became Director of Publishing for the Crown Group, where we published The Joy ofSex, Martha
Stewart's Entertaining, and Douglas Adams' Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, among other
notable books.
3.
In 1988 I became President of Trade Sales and Marketing at Random House and
supervised successful publishing strategies for books by Colin Powell, Tom Peters, and hundreds
of other bestsellers. In 1999 I became Publisher-COO at Workman Books and designed and
executed campaigns for N.Y. Times Bestsellers: 1,000 Places To See Before You Die by Patricia
Schultz, Younger Next Year by Chris Crowley and Henry S. Lodge and The French Laundry
Cookbook by Thomas Keller and Deborah Jones. I became a consultant in 2004 and have worked
for both authors and publishers in many capacities, specializing in marketing and sales. In the
last two years I have worked with authors to set up independent publishing companies and have
established publishing divisions for Anomaly Productions and The Cooking Lab, to name two.
4.
I am the former chair of the Trade Committee of the American Association of
Publishers and a past president of the Publisher's Lunch Club. I am a senior faculty advisor at
the Yale Publishing Course and have taught at the Stanford University Publishing Course; I
lecture frequently at Pratt Institute and Pace University on publishing topics. My topic at the
Yale Publishing Course is h9W to cope with the severe disruption that is occurring
i~
publishing
today as a result of changing technology. My CV is attached to this report as Exhibit A. I am
being compensated at a rate of $450 per hour for my work. My compensation is not contingent
on my opinion or the result in this case. A list of materials provided by counsel for Google Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A-345
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 47
that I considered in the preparation of this report is attached as Exhibit B; other materials I
considered are cited herein. A list of the matters in which I have provided expert testimony is
attached as Exhibit C.
II.
Google Books
5.
Google has scanned more than 20 million books, which users may search using
l
Google's search engine. For some books that are subject to copyright, a user's search may
return a "snippet" of text, which is about an eighth of a page in length. 2 With snippets, Google
provides links to bookstores where a user can buy the book found by the search. 3 Google uses
technical devices to prevent users from viewing a full book page or from compiling a book out of
4
snippets. Google does not display snippets for reference works such as dictionaries. 5
6.
More than 45,000 publishers have signed up to be part of Go ogle's "Partner
Program." Publishers of books in this program have given Google permission to display more
text than is contained in snippets. Over 2.5 million books are in this program. 6
III.
It is important to authors that their works be easy to find but the marketplace is
increasingly crowded
7.
Discoverability is one of the most important factors in an individual title's chance
of success. Getting noticed can mean sales and sales are the primary way that authors can
increase their royalties and income. Authors benefit when books are easy to find but it is getting
I Declaration of Daniel Clancy in Support of Google's Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Class Certification
("Clancy Decl."), ~4.
2
Clancy Decl., ~2.
3
Clancy Decl.,
4
Clancy Decl., ~8, ~1 O.
5
Clancy Decl., ~9.
'2.
6 Clancy Decl., ~6. I also understand that Google has scanned books from some libraries and that a library that has
given GoogJe a book to scan may choose to download a copy of that scan. Defendant Google Inc.'s Supplemental
Narrative Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs' Second Request for Production of Documents and Things,
November 2,2011, p. 8.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
2
A-346
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 5 of 47
more and more difficult to draw the public's attention to any particular title. There is so much
static that most authors are finding it increasingly difficult to get noticed.
8.
The most recent and most reliable projection is that over three million books were
7
published in the U.S. in 2010. At the same time, bookstore sales have declined since 2007. 8 In
general, increases in sales of e-books have not as yet offset declines in print sales. 9 One
publisher reports that the average U.S. nonfiction book is now selling fewer than 3,000 copies
over its lifetime.
10
The averages are skewed by a relatively small number of bestsellers; very
few titles are big sellers.
9.
The business has changed in the digital age. For one thing, the overwhelming
majority of books never see the inside ofa bookstore. One publisher estimates that up to 1,000
or more titles may compete for space on a bookstore's shelf. I I As sales migrate to e-books and
shopping migrates to e-bookstores, the methods that readers use to select books are also
changing. Publishers Weekly recently published a graph showing how readers find, or
"discover" a book. While personal recommendations are still the most popular method, search
engines now account for over 20% of buying decisions-almost the same percentage of sales
attributable to advertising. 12
IV.
The publishing industry traditionally has made royalty-free promotional uses of
content to increase interest in and sales of books
10.
For decades publishers and authors have promoted books by giving away material
from inside the book to increase buyer awareness and influence sales. These promotional uses of
partial texts can take many forms. One of the most well known is to use sentences or paragraphs
May 18, 2011 Bowker Report, available at http://www.bowker.com/enUS/aboutus/press rooml2011/pr 051820l1.shtml. This report is Bowker's estimate based on preliminary data.
7
8
Jim Milliot, Bookstore Sales Slipped in 201 I, Publisher's Weekly, February 17,2012.
9
Jim Milliot, The Evidence Mounts, Publishers Weekly, March 5, 2012.
10
http://www.bkpextranet.com/AuthorMaterials/10AwfuITruths.htm.
II
http://www.bkpextranet.comlAuthorMaterials/l0AwfuITruths.htm
12
Jim Milliot & Judith Rosen, Moving Toward A Hybrid Market, Publisher's Weekly, January 20, 2012.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
3
A-347
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 6 of 47
of an author's words on the jacket flaps of hard cover books or the back covers or opening pages
of paperbacks. Two examples of this kind of use are attached as Exhibit D.
11.
When publishers are promoting books they sometimes print chapters or short
excerpts and distribute those in advance to bookstores and influential readers hoping that by
offering a taste of the contents they will raise interest and get people interested in reading more
and carrying the book in their stores. Publishers and authors also print excerpts of books to be
sent to select lists of people or given away at bookstores or fan gatherings. An example of such
an excerpt is attached as Exhibit E. Entire chapters of a book also may be distributed. An
example of such a chapter is attached as Exhibit F.13
12.
Publishers of illustrated books including cookbooks make "blads" showing the
table of contents and selected recipes and give these blads away to create interest and increase
sales. When I published Entertaining by Martha Stewart, for example, we featured some of her
recipes to give readers a taste of the books contents and style. Attached as Exhibit G is a
promotion piece illustrating a promotional use of this type of content.
13.
Publishers' publicity departments and authors strive to get their content onto
widely read websites and often offer free tastes in the form of recipes or other content from their
books at no charge. Attached as Exhibit H is an example from the Huffington Post about a new
cookbook which features five recipes that the author is letting readers have for free to give them
a taste so they will try them and then buy her book. This is essentially an online blad. Clicking
on one of the links in Exhibit H takes a reader to a recipe.
14.
In sum, publishers and authors today realize that they must do a lot of promotion
to get attention. In today's very crowded marketplace the traditional ways of getting attentionnewspapers, radio and television-are less and less interested in authors unless they are
celebrities; the ordinary writer must find other ways to get noticed. The display of snippets in
The Authors Guild gives similar advice to its members with respect to books they wish to get back in print.
Deposition of Paul Aiken at 175-76 (April 19, 2012).
13
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
4
A-348
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 7 of 47
Google Books, and the display of more text for books in the Partner Program, is consistent with
publishing industry custom and practice in using a book's content to increase awareness and
potentially increase sales of a book.
v.
Authors earn money from selling books and becoming well known, not from having
their work searched
15.
Authors and publishers have long believed that allowing customers to look
through books helps drive sales. Before the Internet the usual way of buying books involved
visiting a bookstore to either select a particular title or to browse the many titles available. I
have closely observed bookstore customers' behavior for over 50 years. Most people look at the
array of book covers and then pick up titles that may interest them for one reason or another.
Almost invariably bookstore customers look at front covers first, then the back cover; if they are
still interested they usually open the book and read a few paragraphs to see if they think the book
is worth purchasing.
16.
I see Google's use of content as serving a similar purpose, in that it helps a
prospective consumer evaluate whether the book is of interest to him. At the same time, Google
has been careful to make sure that snippets cannot be used to piece a whole book together, so if
the reader wants more he will be required to buy the book and thus provide revenue to the author
and publisher. 14
17.
I think that search methods such as Google Books or Amazon's "Search Inside
The Book" help prospective customers make the decision to purchase a book that they have
digitally browsed. In my opinion, just as authors do not expect to be paid as people browse their
books in bookstores, so they should not and indeed do not expect to be remunerated for digital
browsing. Neither authors nor publishers get paid from Internet searches such as the Huffington
Post and Amazon examples mentioned above. Rather, authors and publishers hope that the
search will result in eventual sales.
14
Clancy Declaration, ~8.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
5
A-349
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
18.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 8 of 47
Like browsing, searching through a book and receiving snippets of text around a
search term is not taking something from the author. It is a promotional way of increasing
consumers' ability to locate and purchase books that are of interest to them, which in turn creates
income for both publishers and writers. As the history and examples discussed above show, in
the publishing industry, you don't try to charge people money for doing things that might help
you make a sale.
3
Dated: Ma0012
Bruce S. Harris
6
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A-350
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Exhibit D
trxhibit
A-351
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Exhibit E
A-352
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A-353
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
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A SELECTION FROIVI
A SELECT/ON FROM
WEIRD
THINGS
CUSTOMERS
SAY IN
BOOKSTORES
Jen Campbell
Jen
Illustrated by the Brothers McLeod
Mcleod
@
ïllt 0yril.00t Pfirss
THE OVERLOOK PRESS
tilt t0Rt, flI
NEW YORK. NY
A-354
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 18 of 47
LITERARY PURSUITS
TITERARY
CUSTOMER: Do you have any books by Jane Eyre?
Jane
I
•
CUSTOMER: Do you have a copy of Nineteen Eighty Six?
of
Eighty Six?
BOOKSELLER: Nineteen Eighty Six?
BOOKSELLÊR: Nineteen
CUSTOMER: Yeah, Orwell.
CU STOMER:
BOOKSELLER: Oh - Nineteen Eighty Four.
Foun
BOOKSETLER:
CUSTOMER: No, I'm sure it's Nineteen Eighty Six; I've always rememNineteen Eþty Six;
CUSTOMER:
bered it because it's the year I was born.
BOOKSELLER: ...
BOOKSELTER: . ..
'
r
t
•
CUSTOMER: Excuse me, do you have any signed copies of Shakecopies of
CUSTOMER: Excuse
speare plays?
BOOKSELLER: Er .... do you mean signed by the people who per..
formed the play?
CUSTOMER: No, I mean signed by William Shakespeare.
Villiam
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSELLER: ...
BOOKSETTER: . ..
t
•
CUSTOMER: Do you have a copy of Mrs. Dalloway, but, like, really
r'eally
of Mrs. Dølhway,
CUSTOMER:
a
old-so from, like, 1850?
old-so
BOOKSELLER: ...
.'.2
A-355
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A-356
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
!
Filed 07/27/12 Page 20 of 47
lt
t.'l
CUSTOMER: Did Beatrix Potter ever write a book about dinosaurs!
dinosaurs?
CUSTOMERI
•
o
CUSTOMER: I don't know why she wants it, but my wife asked for a
wants it,
CUSTOMER:
copy of The Dinosaur Cookbook.
Cooþbooþ.
copy
The
BOOKSELLER: The Dinah Shore Cookbook?
Shore Cooþbooþ?
BOOKSELLER: The
CUSTOMER: That must be it; II wondered what she was up to .
That must be it; wonde¡ed what she was up to.
•
0
You know'to be or not to
CUSTOMER: Where do you keep Hamlet? You know 'to be or not to
CUSTOMER: \Øhere do you keep
be'! Is it in philosophy!
be'ì Is it in philosophy?
..2
A-357
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
,J1':
,,'r,iwutsD,'rHr¡reì;cugõivrËnsìsAv !N göorcgirjrieS::ìii-'i
; 'i::r:~Ei~~.:rH,~~Mt0~§~ER$•.• ~AY .,~~b)tblYst/5~Ei:;~ii·: I. .
. ':Jj';:_ì
i,tì,:'.i:'i,:,;u;'
Filed 07/27/12 Page 21 of 47
:
iir:.',.
'
CUSTOMER: Do you have any old copies of Dickens?
CUSTOMER: Do you have any old copies oÊDickens?
BOOKSELLER: We've got a copy of David Copperfield
1850 for
BOOKSETLER: Weïe got a copy of Dauid Copperfeld from 1850 For
£100.
fr 00.
CUSTOMER: Why it expensive if
old?
CUSTOMER: \Xr'hy is it so expensive if it's that old?
•
t
CUSTOMER: II'm looking for a biography to read that's really interestfor biography
really interestm
Could
recommend
ing. Could you recommend one?
BOOKSELLER:
read
!7hat
BOOKSELLER: Sure. What books have you read and liked?
Well, I really loved Mein Kampf
CUSTOMER: \Øell,I really lovedMein Ih-Pl
BOOKSelLER: .,.
BOOKSETLER: ...
word'
CUSTOMER: Loved is probably not rhe right word.
the
BOOKSELLER: No. Probably not.
Probably
BOOKSETLER:
Liked'
CUSTOMER: Liked, is probably better. Yes. Liked. I liked it a lot.
better'
BOOKSELLER: ...
BOOKSETLER:
I reâll1 loveà
i" (¿ ¡¡¡f'
t{ r
e
~
:,
,
,
,
tió:':
..
'. .
A-358
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
,,;.,;1 ..1.,,,, ':;'¡;';..i.; ,::,:i.,
', '
'
Filed 07/27/12 Page 22 of 47
'':
-t
't
'¿i'!'-i,-,.:i:.!t,:,r..,;;:,.),'. :,.,:'ü';,...;;...¡¡.!i:,t..:i.J.,.F-.Þ ,-Cê.S11,Ì!J;'
';" :'"r'
;-':
.;.,:jj'l''
.t..:
.: :r,::!:rJt l
r::
iri.tl..Ì,ir:;¡;
WHAT?
YOU WANT WHAT?
CUSTOMER:
any
CUSTOMER: Do you have any
medical textbooks?
medical rextbooks?
Do gou h¡vl ¡nT
booil o.
BOOKSEllER: Sorr¡ no. They
They
BOOKSELLER: Sorry,
5ewi'r5
i
go
of
quickly
don't
go out of date so quickly we doni
order
stock
stock them, but I can order one in
for you.
CUSTOMER:
not worried
CUSTOMER: I'm not wo¡ried
about it being in date.
BOOKSEllER: Does your univerBOOKSELLER: Does
request
a speciÊc
sity not request you have a specific
siry
edition?
edition?
CUSTOMER: Oh, I'm not a mediCUSTOMER:
cal student, I just want to learn how
to do stitches.
BOOKSELLER: ... Right.
BOOKSELLER:...tught.
CUSTOMER: Do you have a book
CUSTOMER:
on sewing, instead?
•
0
CUSTOMER: I read a book in the sixties. I don't remember the author,
thesixties. dont ¡emember
CUSTOMER:
laugh'
or the title. But it was green, and it made me laugh. Do you know
you
it
green, and
title.
which one I mean?
mean?
•
0
to
CUSTOMER: Do you have a book of mother-in-law jokes? I want to
mother-in-law jokes?
CUSTOMER:
joke. But, you know, not ¡eally as a
give it to my mother-in-law as a joke. But, you know, not really as a
give it to my mother-in-law as a
joke at all.
at ali.
1.,6
A-359
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
';
,iiii;¡.iiir
,'.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 23 of 47
,WIR?.,tHIIGliqEsJ.9Mq¡$ SAY:lN 9ooKs{oFFs':1 ,"i::'''::j:':1'j':
•
0
CUSTOMER: Do you have this book (holds up a biography) but withCUSTOMER:
6ook (holàs
out the photographs?
'
BOOKSELLER: I think the photographs are published alongside the
photographs
text in every edition.
edition,
CUSTOMER: Why?
CUSTOMER: Vhy?
BOOKSElLER: I suppose so you can see what everyone looked like.
iike.
can
BOOKSETTER: suppose
CUSTOMER: I don't like photographs.
photographs.
CUSTOMER: dont
BOOKSElLER: Ok.
BOOKSELLER: ok.
CUSTOMER: Could you cut them out for me?
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSELLER: ...BOOKSELTER: ..
•
o
oF Jane
CUSTOMER: Do you have a copy ofJane Eyre?
CUSTOMER: f)o
BOOKSElLER: Actually, I just sold that this morning, sorry!
morning,
BOOKSELLER: Actuall¡
CUSTOMER: Oh. Have you read it?
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSELLER: Yes, it's one of my favorite books.
BOOKSELLER:
of
CUSTOMER: Oh great (sits down beside bookseller). Could you tell me
CUSTOMER:
dotan besídz booþseller).
tomortow.
all about it? I have to write an essay on it by tomorrow.
•
,'i:,
A-360
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 24 of 47
i
..:.
.t:i', :,i.,:'.t..; i.....: :.
.,.]'.,...:,r"
: ::_...::
:
j.i:.:
tll.i
.i::ii,ì ... ..iÍ,..¡iiì :r':.
-,
.,r'jlt...i\i
.; :r: .if: :::i :i.r v
il¿,r.:;, " .:-:::'-; .11r,:::::j:
,.t,
..
vacuum
CUSTOMER: Some of these books are dusry .... can't you vacuum
are
CUSTOMER:
them?
t
•
CUSTOMER: I've forgotten my glasses, could you read the beginning
the
CUSTOMER: Iie
of this book to me to see ifI like it?
see if I
itl
I
•
aphrodisiacs?
CUSTOMER: Do you have a book that has a list of aphrodisiacs? I've
a
have a
CUSTOMER:
got a date on Friday.
a dare on
•
o
CUSTOMER (holding up a Jamie Oliver cookbook); Would you mind if
CUSTOMER (holdingup aJømie Oliuer cooþbooþ):rü/ouId
II photocopied this recipe?
photocopied this
BOOKSElLER: Yes, II would.
BOOKSELLER: Yes, would.
,:8:
A-361
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 25 of 47
CUSTOMER: Do you have anything in this shade of green, to match
the wrapping paper I've bought?
t
•
educaìionì
CUSTOMERS: Do you have any pop-up books on sex edu~ion?
CUSTOMERS:
11
CUSTOMER: Do you have any second hand crosswords?
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSELLER: You mean crosswords that have already been filled in?
inl
BOOKSELLER:
CUSTOMER: Yes. 1 love crosswords, but they're so difficult.
I
CUSTOMER:
t
•
CUSTOMER: What books could I buy to make guests look at my
CUSTOMER: \What
'\ù(/ow,
bookshelf and think: 'Wow, that guy's intelligent'?
bookshelf a¡d
suy's
•
q1ì9Ji
A-362
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 26 of 47
.1.,i,;;ii.i.r;r,ilri;,;1,','glili:'îí+ÈiffilfiF-,4$l,rf^$ú¿¿4.+?li;í$ ri*îi+í,jËii:r+rYi¡Èii 'ri
CUSTOMER:
always
night shift work.
CUSTOMER: I'm always on night shifr at wotk.
BOOKSEllER 0"okingly): Is that why you're buying so many vampire
many
you re buying
BOOKSELLER (johingQ:
-
M~W
novels?
CUSTOMER (seriously); You can never be too prepared..
prepared
CUSTOMER (seriousþ):
t
•
CUSTOMER: la like to buyyour heaviest book, please.
buy your heaviest
please.
CUSTOMER: ld
·r
A lltsror-r
A HI STOK'1
OFOF
e
CO
( o NC.IU.'IE
LÈTE
'
~
P
;.
.
'VC
ETell. 11
ereR HÈAv'í
:::Ì.6t
~
A-363
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 27 of 47
, . PARENTS AND KIDS
boolahelves' Thatt
CUSTOMER: My children are climbing your bookshelves, That's ok,
climbing
CUSTOMER:
-Ihey wont
isn't it? They won't topple over, will they?
oveç
it?
t
•
(Customer comes into the store with her five-year-old son)
(Customer cornes into the
tttith herfue'year-old
shoes
CUSTOMER: Come on, Alfie, take your shoes off.
on,41fie,
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSELLER: It's ok .... you don't have to take your shoes off to
to take your shoes off to
BOOKSELLER: It's ok . . you doni
come into the bookstore.
come into the bookstore.
CUSTOMER: Please don't encourage him. I'm trying to train him to
CUSTOMER: Please don't encourage him. i m trying to train him to
remember to take his shoes off in the house because we gOt new carpets.
remember to take his shoes off in the house because we got new carPets.
The more he does it, the more he'll remember.
The more he does it, the more hdll remember'
#*
A-364
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 28 of 47
rr:i'*rii.i:ffif.;;iriÌîTÉr,jÉ#5tÊi[É1;'{ ,;i,;r'
i;i
CUSTOMER:
just
supermarket
CUSTOMER: I'm just going to pop to the supermarket to do the
my sons
ok?
weekly
juSt
weekly shopping. I'm just going to leave my sons here, is that ok?
They're
bother.
Theyre three and five. They're no bo¡her.
•
CUSTOMER: Do you have a book on the Enlightenrnent?
have
Enlightenment?
Do
BOOKSEllER: Sure.
BOOKSELI-ER: Sure.
CUSTOMER: Excellent. My son's just about to start studying it at
sont
Excellent.
isnt
school. It's all about the light bulb being invented, isn't it?
being
t
•
BOY: Mommy, can I have this book?
canl
WOMAN: Go and see if your dad will buy it for you.
if
BOY: Dad! Mommy says if you don't buy me this book, then you can't
says if
doni
BOY:
sleep in her bed tonight!
in
ISNIT IT OBVIOUS?
¡sN'T lr oBvlous?
CU STOMER: Are all of your books for sale, or just some of them?
of
of
CUSTOMER:
•
0
of
CUSTOMER: Do you have a copy of Bridget Jones: The Edge ofReason?
oÇ Bridget Jones:
CUSTOMER:
I can't see it on the shelf.
can'c see
shelfi
on
you,
BOOKSELLER: I'm afraid we don't, but I can order it for you, and it'll
dont, but can order
be here in the next forty-eight hours. We could even post it to you if
forry-eight hours. \{/e could even post it to you if
be here in the
you'd like?
youd like?
CUSTOMER: II don't trust the post office. Could you fax it instead?
dont trust the post office. Could you fax it instead?
{1.2:;
A-365
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 29 of 47
CUSTOMER: This might be a stupid question, but do you sell milk?
Do
tickets?
CUSTOMER: Do you sell lottery tickets?
Do
screwdrivers?
CUSTOMER: Do you sell screwdrivers?
Booþ of Dust?
CUSTOMER: Do you have Philip Pullman's The Book ofDust?
Pullman's
CUSTOMERI
BOOKSElLER: No, I don't think a publication date has even been set
i
think a
BOOKSELLER:
for that book yet.
CUSTOMER: I know, it's just I thought you might already have a
CUSTOMER:
copy, considering you're an antiquarian bookstore.
bookstore.
an
cop¡ considering
BOOKSELLER: .... Antiquarian means old. We don't have books, you
We
bools,
..
know, from the future.
know,
CUSTOMER: Ah.
CUSTOMER:
t
•
•
CUSTOMER: Where are your fictional novels?
Êctional
Where
0
CUSTOMER: What kind ofbookstore is this?
of boolstore is
CUSTOMER: Vhat
BOOKSElLER: We're an antiquarian bookstore.
BOOKSELLER: 'We're an antiquarian
CUSTOMER: Oh, so you sell books about fish.
sell boola about Êsh.
CUSTOMER: Oh, so
,:!::fu)
,xli;
A-366
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 30 of 47
'..; i¡,,,-, *i;1'¡'1;;r,2i,i ,¡i¿qr¡.,.,'fi¡,N.'iuÇÃMlnít'.."ljfulälÌiiii.j'i:,:',,,r¡gi
.!,!È¡;ir,ri
CUSTOMER: Is this book edible?
CUSTOMER: Is this book edible?
BOOKSELLER: .. No.
BOOKSETLER:. ... No.
WELL EXCUSE ME
CUSTOMER: \What's your name?
name?
CUSTOMER: What's
BOOKSElLER: Jen.
BOOKSELLER: Jen.
I
:
i
if I
Is
CUSTOMER: Hmmm. I don't like that name. Is it ok if! call you
CUSTOMER:
vou
something else?
else?
.o*.thing
io
•
CUSTOMER: Have you read every single book in here?
CUSTOMER:
BOOKSElLER: No, II can't say I have.
say have.
BOOKSELLER: No,
CUSTOMER: Well you're not very good at your job, are you?
CUSTOMER: -Vell
iob,
I
•
(an
(an old lady approaches the till)
lady approaches the till)
CUSTOMER: Yes? What do you want?
CUSTOMER: Yes? \W'hat do you want?
:í!l&,
A-367
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 31 of 47
BOOKSELLER: Erm, rather thought that
help you.
BOOKSELLER: Ernr, I rather thought that I might be able to help you.
CUSTOMER: Don't
as if
your help . . 1
CUSTOMER: Dont be ridiculous. Do I look as if I need yom help ....?
•
0
CUSTOMER:
security cameras
CUSTOMER: Do you have securiry cemeras in here?
BOOKSELLER: Yes.
BOOKSELLER:
CUSTOM ER: Oh. (customer slide¡ a booh out from imide his jachet and
slides book out from inside his jacket
CUSTOMER Oh.
it back on the shelf )
ir bacþ
the shelf)
places
pløces
•
0
BOOKSELLER: Hi, can I help you at all?
al[?
can
BOOKSETLER:
CUSTOMER: I don't give a damn about books-they bore me.
boola-they
f
a
BOOKSELLER: I'm not sure you're in the right place, then.
CUSTOMER: No, I am. I just wanted to ask what specific color you
CUSTOMER:
painted your bookshelves? I love this color. II mean, the right color can
color.
make books look more appealing, can't it?
boola
BOOKSELLER: Can it?
BOOKSETLER:
smell of the
CUSTOMER: And the smell of the paint takes away the smell of the
oFthe
CUSTOMER: And
books, too. Which is also a plus.
a
books, too. Which is
•
ô
CUSTOMER: Do you have the time?
CUSTOMER: Do you have the time?
BOOKSELLER: Yes. It's just after four 0' dock.
after four o'clock.
BOOKSETLER: Yes. Itt
CUSTOMER: No, it isn't.
CUSTOMER:
it isnt-
t
•
+-trtt-
A-368
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 32 of 47
Phone rings.
BOOKSELLER: Hello.
BOOKSELLER: Hello.
looking
could help
was wondering if
CUSTOMER: Hi. II was wondering if you could help me. I'm looking
CUSTOMER:
idea what buy her.
I've
Shet six and Iie no idea what to buy her.
She's six
my
for a book for my niece.
for book
is she to?
of
BOOKSELLER: Sure.'ffhat kinds of things is she in to?
BOOKSELLER: Sure. What
I don't see her very often-m y sister
CUSTOMER: I dont really know. I dont see her very sfts¡-rny 5i51s¡
CUSTOMER: I don't really
abroad.
lives abroad.
name?
BOOKSELLER: Ok, what's her name?
BOOKSELLER:
CUSTOMER: Sophie.
CUSTOMER:
considered
BOOKSELLER:
BOOKSELLER: Ah, well, have you considered the Dick King Smith
Sophie's Six.
e
There's
Sophie series? Theres even a book called Sophiei Six'
a
CUSTOMER:
CUSTOMER: Ok, sure, that sounds like a good idea.
have those
went
BOOKSETLER:
BOOKSELLER: Do you want me to double check that we have those
prerty sure we
in stock? I'm pretty sure we do.
iti ok.
CUSTOMER:
CUSTOMER: No, it's ok. I'm just going to order them online.
recommendation.
..
gpve
BOOKSELLER:
BOOKSELLER: But .... we just gave you the recommendation.
Amazon
such a
CUSTOMER: know, and appreciate it.
CUSTOMER: I know, and I appreciate it. It's such a pain Amazon
can
guys for
for that. But
doesnt have a function for that. But I know I can rely on you guys for
have a
doesn't
advice.
BOOKSELLER:
BOOKSELLER:
...
•
ö
CUSTOM ER: tell you something, you must get some odd requests,
CUSTOMER: II tell you something, you must get some odd requests,
working here.
worHng here.
,:'16i.
A-369
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 33 of 47
Exhibit F'
F
A-370
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 34 of 47
A-371
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 35 of 47
..
DEATH
EXTEND
VACATION
DEATH WILL EXTEND YOUR VACATION
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Zelvin
Chapter One
Chaptir
, ,"I'll fry!" My best friend Jimmy cast an
ftiendJimmy
:'I'U fryJ"
apprehensive glance at the cloudless sky.
sþ.
apprehensivê
-"You couldn't fry an egg on 'the beach at this
the
'You
b ^n
hour." His girlfriend Barbara went on slathering sun
gtlfriend Barbarawent
'
block acro~s his broad, freckled back.
bioad,
block across
"It's the crack of dawn," Jimmy said, "I want to be
bê
said.
of
Jímmy
ait
asleep. 'I want to be back in Manhattan in my air
baòk
Manhattan
asleep.'I
conditioned aDartrnent.".
conditioned apartment."
.
'
.l
, ' "You kUow, most people consider a summer share
consider
'You kfiow, rnost
in the ftamptonsa treat;'; Barbara said, '''not 'an ordeal;
Hlmptons a treatr" Barba:a saidr'"fiot an ordeal.
If we dem,'t get a move on, half the day will be gone.';
be- gone."
a
don't
If
She 'Y'iped goo off her hands albng the sides of his
along
off
wipçd
ann; and stepped back to contemplate he; work.
her
io
arqs.and
,"'Veryartis~c:' r said, ,.
''l/erv artistic-" I' iâid.
.'-.
Mistake. She ~ned on me.
She'iurned
ther:¡os,
"Bruce, put .the rest of that coffee in the thermos,
'Bruce,
the
dori'ttail.k up ,on It.';
,
on it."
don't tank
at the
:
goo
r
A-372
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
2
2
:..
. ;. ':
.i.it'.-,...,.:
Filed 07/27/12 Page 36 of 47
Zelvin, DnÍh Will Extend Your Vøcatìon
Zelvtn, peath lVzllExn1tàYoø V Mation
. ~.:"
. ,.
...¡.:.j
'.
"You wanted me awake, dldn't you?" I chugged
me~wake, ifidn't
'You
the last half inch of java. The cup had a ceramic frog
half
ceramic
in the bottom. Group house decorating. "Okay, okay,
Group.house decprating. "Oka¡
I'll make more. One picnic bre~kfast on the beach,
One piciUc breakfast
coming up."
.
coming
"Want me to do your backioo?" Barbara waggled
bàck too?" Batbzrawaggled
'T7ant rne
the big tube of sun block. .
"Save itforJi.riuiJ.Y." I sIdppedaway from \:ler.
it forJiiirmy.'I skipped away frol he1,
Jimmy can turn as redasa lobs;~er ~apot?fboiling
as red as a lobster in a pot of boiling
Jimmy
water in about the same'time as it" takes' the lobster.
same time as it takes
Twenty minutes liter, BarbMa had u; loaded up
us
¡nrnutes later- B4rbara
to scale K2.
were
like Sherpas~ YQu'd think we ~ere about toscaTe Iq.
Youd
Sherpas.
tle deck like mountain goat,
BO)1Ildingout onto we decl>;.like a niountaingoat, she
Bounding out
deep lungñrl
raised both. a.t:msto the s~n. She took a deep lungful of
both arms to
sun.
we
alt,tIlen exhaIed With.a·loud "Ahhhhhh!" in case "we
air, thé¡r exhaled qiith.a lou¿ "Ahhhhhhl"
me.
missed the point. Th~ hous,esnieiled of mildew to mt:.
The house smelled of
rnissed'the
belrthe
Outside, I admit the !:nix "of salt and flowers beat the
a-dmit.the mix pf galt
stink of the' ~itY back ho.m:e.We tra,iled h~ down.the
stìnk
the city bâck home. We ua¡led hçr down the
winding path, crunching gravel.an.d brokrn shells
crunching g¡avel.ap.d broken shells
underfoot.
. ,.
.
underfoot.
. Barbararea~hedthe car; a~d starte(;l it up w she
Barbara rcachêd the carand started up so
could roll allthe windows down. She popped the .
down. She'poppåd'the
all the
could
to divest.
trunk as we arrived. Jimmy and I began to divest.
trunk as we arived. Jimmy and I
Beach chaits, umbrella, tatty old bedspread for a
chairs, umbrella, taty old bedspread
A-373
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
4
Filed 07/27/12 Page 37 of 47
Zelvin; Death Will Extend Your Vacation
Zelvt4 Deatlt lVill Extend Your Vacation
interesting ethnic
or a world class
interesting ethnic genes or â world dass tan and a great
. hairdresser."
hairdresser."
. Í'Oh, yeah," I said, "the Bonicelli Venus." The one
"Oh, yeah,"
'.'the Botticelli V enus."The one
had watched more closely
before at dinner
I had watched more closely the night before at difrner
.than I was ready to admit to Barbara orJimmy.
was ready
toBarban or Jimmy.
"Thank
bagels," Barbara
"ifhank her for the bagels," Batbara mumbled
a full mouth.
she'd pick
through a ñ:11mouth. "She runs. She said she'd pick
up early,
headEor
them ûp eady, drop them off, and head for the beach."
emerged
Dooked out the window. We emerged into
rvindow.
I looked
farmland from the scrub oak and pine t}rat surrounded
that surrounded
farrnland
gendy
nippy
the group house. Mist rose gently in the tippy air from
group
rcenagers
fields of com and potatoes. A couple of teenagers on
potatoes.
of
of
horses ambled along the grassy side of the road. In the
yards of weathered ·gray cedar houses, a few strawof weathered gray
hatted gardeners crouched among the flowers,
ârnong
caught
weeding in the cool of the day .. Now and then I caught
day.
in,the
a sparkling glimpse of the bay. As we neared the
Âs
wedands,
ocean, the laridscapechanged to wetlands, then to
landscape changed
dunes.
a
to
'1immy, look for a sandy road to the right,"
'Jimmy, Iook
Barbara said. "That'll be Dedhampton Beach. There's
said- "That'll
no sign. I heard somebody changed it to .
to
I
stolenin
Deadhampton, D-E-A-D, and the sign got stolen in
the
Deadhampton, D-E-A.-D, and
less than a week."
less
a week."
A-374
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 38 of 47
Vøcøtion
Zelvin, Deøth Will Extend Your Vacation
Zelvín, Death Vill Extend Yosr
5
5
-
didn't
much of road. Jimmy
The dunes didn't leave much of a road.Jimmy
a
as
passed Barbara made wide
gave a. yelp as we passed it. Barbara made a wide Uturn
the car between stands- of
rum and aimed thd car betu/een stands of tall grasses
and reeds só close,their fuzzy heads thrust through the
so dose their fozzy
window. A fat tuft tickled my nose. I sneezed.
sneezed.
ticlçled
"Gesundheit," Batbarasaid: "And here wé are."
"Gesundheit," Barbara said; l'A'nd
She swung-the wheel with a flourish. The car stopped flarudsh,
swung the wheel
with
dune.
with its nose in a dune; ''Where's the ocean?" I said;
ocêan?" said.
'qW'here's
u-
we-
''No boardwalk?" Jimmy said.
'îJo boardwalk?" Jimmy
''We're in the country." Barbara flung up the lid of
the'lid
B¿rbara
'nVe'Íe
the trUnk and loaded us up again. ,
again,
loaded
trunk
sons,'Mr. Jones?"
''Why do Irish mothers pray for sons, Mr. Jones?"
'qWhy
kish
Jimmy asked.
Jimmy
j '{Becäuse we
'. "Because We make such-good pack animals, Mr.
}¡ft.
such gòod
Bones."
_
.
Bones.t' " ''
":E-lere,
.''"Here, give me that." Barbara snatched.up the
snatched up
that"
only thing I-really wanted, the thenno8'(jf coffee, from
fiorn
thetmos''of
thing I'teally
the top ofJimm.Y'spile; "Come on!~' She' danced-away,
on!r'She danced,away,
of'Jimrny's'pile:
slipping a little on the' hill of sand.
. -sand.
a'little on the'hill
"No-cars-in,the·parking lot," Jimmy observed as
"No :cars in, the' parking lot " Jimmy' óbs erved
we ·trudged after her. "We're the only foolS not-still
her. f'\We're
only'fooli not stilll
trudged
asleep-at-this hour."
.
asleep,at this
i..
''What about the ginger snap?" I asked.
sriap?" asked.
'{What about
:
.
A-375
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
6
Filed 07/27/12 Page 39 of 47
Zelvin, Death Will Exnnd Yotar Vdîation .''
Zelvitn;'Death Vitl Extend Your VacatioR
"Surely'she wouldn't
way
fooq'l
'lSruely. she'wouldn't come all this wa)¡ on foot," ', .
computer
he said. Jimmy emerges from behind his computer·.
said.Jimmy.emerges
only afteqirolonged prodding.;He says walking,isfor .
walking.is for:
after.ptolonged prodding.:He
. ,.:
Luddites ... . '
:
'
Luddites.
Ids
"I told-you," Barbara said; .~:she's a.runner. It's
said;,l'.she1g
"I told'youi'
. oNy-about four miles.;l,She'crested,the dUrie·and
only' about fourrrtiles.'~She ·crested:the. dùne'and
stood backlit with the edges of her frizzy dark hair .
fnzzy dzrkhatr
of
backlit
glowing like a halo. "Oh, wow,look~it's so
halo. "Oh, v1ow,look-it's
.. . 1
beautiful!"
.' . :
' .:'.
beautifrrl!"
,,, We reached the top right behindher;]irnmy . '
behind her,Jimrny
ìlfe reached.the
breathing heavily and me pretending-hot to.,llooked
pretending.not to,,I looked
breathing heavily
wher.e,she was looking..
looking.
where,she
'
beach
Okay, it was beautiful. The deserted be.ach .
beautiful.
Ok"t,
Atlantic beyond
stretdhed right and left, with the jade Atlan,tic ·beyond
stretctred right and left
it. The sun, ·stilliow over the water, tuffiedthe sand-to
watet, turned the sand,to
sun,.still low
a warm: pink. A ruffle of.dar;k seawee&and .scattered .
a watur pinlc  r,uffle of.dar.k seaweed,and scattered
s~lls marked the·high ,tide: line.. Below it,.thebeach: .. "
shells ma¡kedthe.hightide'iine..Belowi6 ùre beach
looked:petfectfot funning,if you.~ed~strenuous~ II
looked'perfec'r:fór äiûriing if you. liked'süenuous'
wouldn't mind a stroll, oni(mystHf. The. flat, \vet ~:;. '
wet ....
a
wouldn't
on it, mysèlf. ithe
slllface picked up thnobin'segg blue of:the sky.. The
of :the sky,'The
su¡f-acb picked,upthe:robin's egg
surfwas.no bigde~,:baby ~welkthatpushed aswath.e
surf'úas,no bþdeal,,-baby swells that'pushed a swathe,
beach'and tìen:ran
of creamy bubbles up onto the beach· and then-ran out
::.
again with a whisper: .
agaswithawhisper.: ,:' :
Barbara clutched at Jimmy's arm for balance as she
Barbaraclutched atJimrny's arm for balance as she
,
,
,
,
A-376
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 40 of 47
Ze1vin, Dedtì:ll/itt Exterrd You Vacation "
Zel-/tn, Death Wi/I Exfffld Your Vacation '
7
shook
sandals off
She wiggled
shook her sandals off her feet. She wiggled her toes in
:
'
'
"Ooooh, that feds good. Let'sgo.'1'She {risked
She ftisked
feels
Let's 89.'?
'"Oooôh,
aroWld us like a puppy as we made oút way toward the
mailê
pupPy
waitoward
around
water; "Here; ihis is good-a front row view of'the
row
of the
wáterr"llêie; this good-a:,
ocean;' But the'sand is still s6ft. No; don't park the
the 'sand iS still söft.1No; dodt:park
oceaqibirt
stuff near the seaweed.--that's'whete tlie fliês will be'¿' '
seaweed~thafsvihe:reth.e flies wi1i be,<'
stuff
, '1iriimy threw his head up like' a shying horse. She
like â shlng
'Jiriimy fhrew
ihis
hadn'tmeritiorieeHlieSviheri she talked us into this "
hadn't mentioneil'flies when
beach house share.
share.
JimmyandI set up
dúg in the'pole of
'Jimmy and I setup the chairs, driginthe'pble6f
the'Uihbrella, and~flapped the blanket. Birbarawent '
Bábara wént
the' uÍäbrella, ánd rflapped
and paddled in the' water. Littlb screiuTIsannounced
the'wáter. tide screãms announcéd
paddled
the te'niperatu:re: tc)(;'cold for me: She splashed 'around'
me.'She sphshed around
temperàtirrs toolcold
till ~'d 'done all the work.''fheh~hei:rotted hack to
work'Theh ihe uotted back
we'?d done
us; "It's: nOt' cold 'once 'you getlised to it. C6nieai1d "
Come aiid '
us. 'fIt'slnotcold'once'you get used
,
' :, ' ' ,',,:
wade. It's great!"
wade.It's great!"
«You're 'atit bfy6ur mind," Jimfuy said. "I'!ri. not
'You?re ng Pljj).ts,
taken.off gw s:q{eats.hirts, mgch less our.loqrg p.af¡ts.
b4çP",I,inquired,
''Wh~e do YQU,Rlan ,to put the ~agel?"linq~ed.
"IVhere doyou plan.to
cfsq'¡e flot gqng rqn
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-2
'
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 8
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ingredient
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beer-making
Brooklyn Brew Shop. They sell their beer-rnakiLrg kits and ingredient mixes at
Brooklyn
Williams-Sonoma,
Elm, and
BrooklynBrewShop.com, the Brooklyn Flea, WiLliams-Sottotna, West Ehn, and
i :>::'·ETER FIEDLER
writer and
Whole Foods. They live in Brooklyn. i:t j'::'ii ¡ER. FìEDLBR is a writer arrd editor
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ar'X/íne Sltectator
National TV, print and radio coverage
National TV, print and radio coverage
Appearances on
Appearances on
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• Martha Stewart Show
" Martha Stewart Show
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• Martha Stewart magazine promotion
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" Martha Stewart radio promotion
0 MAKEA ONE.GALLON
TO MAKE A ONE-GALLON
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-2
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 8
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A-387
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-2
Filed 07/27/12 Page 4 of 8
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the
who
the
of coastal living
There are few people in rhe world rvho have captured the essence of coastal living
way
interior
Tim
the fifteen years that he
the ',vay that superstar interior designer Tim Clarke has. In the fifteen years that he
Hollywood celebrities, power brokers,
has
creating
environments
fias been crearing residential environrnents for Hollyrvood celebrities, porver brokers,
Tim Clarke
has
synonymous with
and socialites, the Tim Clarke brand has become synonymous with breezy, relaxed
elegance_ With photographs
acclaimed interiors photographer Noah
this
elegance. With photographs by acclairned interiors photoglaplrer Noah Webb, this
lavishly illustrated home
shares Tim's aesthetic
philosophy
lavishiy iilustratecl horne design book shares Tirn's aeschetic and philosophy as seen in
15
where clean lines, organic
of
textures,
more
rnore than 15 spaces, rvhere clean lines, organic shapes, a mix of hard and soft textules,
colors
the
sand
sense that
places
and colors inspired by tl-re sea and the sarrd create a selÌse thac these places are at once
spacious
restfuL
spacious and restful.
Architecture -Interior Design
Architecture - lnterior Design
9 x 12; 224 pages
9 x L2i 2?4 pages
200-250 full-color photos
200-250 full-color photos
978-0-307-71878-5
978-0-3 07-7 1878-5
$50.00 hardcover (Canada: $57.00)
$50.00 hardcover (Canada, $57.00)
ON SALE 4i3l2012
0N SALE 4/312012
All Rights: Crown
All Rights, Crown
National print coverage in men's, women's, lifestyle
National print coverage in men's, women's, lifestyle
and shelter magazines and newspapers
and shelter magazines and newspapers
TIM CL\I{KE is an inrerior designer in Santa Monica, California, s,ho has created
interior
who
created
CLÀiìi(ö
featulecì
u'hose rvork
leading
interiors for many Hollyrvood celebrities and whose work has been featured in leading
man1, Hollywood celel¡rities
interlors
publications including Elle DecoT, House Beautiful, Veranda, Town and Country, and the
EIIeDécor,HouseBeautíful,Ve¡'ønda,TownandCountry,at'rcl
Los Angeles Times. His design firm, TCl, has a clientele base thac includes leaders in
TCI,
that inclucles
clesign
Los Angeles Trmes.
Monica
entertainment, business, and sports, and his eponymous Santa Monica retail location
location
eponylnous
entertainrnent, business,
sells one-of..a-kind beach-inspired furniture and curios.
aud
one-of-a-kind heach-inspired
and CondéNast
contributed
tl-re Los Angeles
Writer JAKE TOWNSEND has contributed to the Los Angeles Times and Conde Nast
WriteL JAPiE Ti-ìi\:¡iSEhNi)
including rnany
co-autho¡
t0
Traveler, among others, and he is the author or co-author of 10 books, including many
is
Tìaveler,
of the acclaimed Cool Hotels series_
Hotels series.
acclaimed
National radio attention
Nationaì radio attention
Online Promotion
0nline Promotion
e Banner advertising on DesignSponge
• Banner advertising on OesignSponge
n Cross-promotion on author's website,
• Cross-promotion on author's website,
TimClarkeDesigncom, and in his retail location,
TimCìarkeDesign.com, and in his retail location,
Tower 20 in Los Angeles
Tower 20 in Los Angeles
• Blog outreach
Blog outreach
'
Promotional materials available
Promotional materials available
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A-391
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1039-2
Filed 07/27/12 Page 8 of 8
Exhibit H
trxhibit H
Katie Workman's 'The Mom 100 Cookbook'
Katie Workman's 'The Mom 1.00 Cookbook'
If you're a mom with a busy schedule and a desire to still produce good, quality meals lor your
lf you're a mom '¡/ìth a busy scheduìe and a desÍre 10 still produoe good, quality meals Tor your
family, Katie Workman has Just published
cookbook with you in mind, :'Ih5'...MQ.!IL..1.Q.Q
fâmily, Katie WÐrkfiaê has just published a c.öokbook wilh you in mind, ÌÏhs--Mc.m-.j1--Ú-t
Cookbook," This cookbook's philosophy aims to provide real solutions for the everyday
Cosktlt*k." This cookboök's philosophy âiffis to provide real solutions for lhe everyday
dilemmas that cooking for kids can present.
dilemmas that cooking for kids can present.
As is written on the back cover, the book presents 20 cooking· related dilemmas lhat moms face
As is writien on ths back cover, the book presents 20 cook¡ng.related dilemÍias that moms face
on a daily basis, and provides five solutions (in the form of recipes) for each dilemma •• offering
on a daily basis, and provid€s five solulions {in the forrn ol recipes) for each dìlemma .. ofloring
a total of t00 recipes that moms can turn to when In need.
å lotal of 100 reë¡pes thät rnoils Öän tufn 10 lvheil ¡fi nêed.
For example, one of the dilemmas cOll13red in the book is "Getling
Kids Fed
The
For exårfiple, of¡e of lhe dìlerîrfiãs covefed ¡n lhe botk is'rcettiûg The K¡ds fed And Out The
Door." Many moms will attest that mornings are
and hectic, and
this a valuable meal
Dorr." Måny ilomÊ witl ãtlêsl thåt momings are busy and h€cΡt, añd so this is a valuâble meãl
time to address. Workman offers fiva recipes
Ihe dilemma with additional twists.
10
tìme to addr€ss. Workman offers five rêcipes for the dilemma wilh âdditìonal hÀt¡sts. Her recipe for scrambled eggs offers TO alternative
meat scramble cheese scramble. Other dilemmas she addresses include:
Can't
versions, such as the
versions, .such äs ÈÌê green eggs scramble, m6ât scÍañtblÈ or chsess s6rämble. Olher dilemfia$ shs ãddr€sses include: "The Kids Cant
Hotdogs," "Be Bràve - Serve Sälad,'ând "I'm looking For Some New Surefire Hits."
Get Beyond Hamburgers
Gêt BËyoñd Hamburgêrs and Hotdôgs," "Be Brave·· Sêrve Salad," and "l'm Læking For Sómë New Sur¿fíre Hils"'
Since Workman is a working mother herself, she writes blog (and also blogs for
also at HuffPosl Kitchen Daily)
Is the Editor in
Siñæ Workñån is a nrorkìng rnother hersell, shè wr¡tês a bloq {änd åtso blôgs lor us älso ât HuffPöst ldlchen Deily) and fË th€ Editof in
life easier. For most
Chief of cOoKStf.com, she has
her
aiming make a working
måny features
Chief óf Ðr]okstr,ôoräT, she has included many fealures in hêr cookbook â¡ming to fiake ã \i/orking mom's Iffe eåsi€r. For mosl recipes, she
moment)
offers lips on how you can make part of a dish ahead of lime (when you actually have a free moment) or how the kids can help you in the
how
actualfy
Ìíme (when
ahead
of a
can
offers tips on horv
kitchen (making a valid point that if lhe kids helped make it, they'll be more likely to try it).
they'l
mor8 likely
make
if the kids
kitchen {making a valid point
pi*y
that just because
Workman also devotes a greal deal of time and consideration lor the mom of the picky eater. She believes that ¡ust because your child
conSideration for
mom
Workman âlso devotes a great
rÐad
"fÖrk ifl
båañd mealË.
isn't an adll13nturous ealet* thaI doesnt mean thät the whole family has 10 eat bland meals. She offers recipes called "fork in the road
larnily hês to
isn'l an âdventurous eater, that dóesñ't rnean that
thê târflily.
recipes" thaI allow you 10 appease the pioky eater while still making an exciting dish for the rest of the family.
thè
exching
making
recipes" thal ãllow yorj to åppease thè p¡cky eater wh¡lê
siÍe.
contrìbut€d lo
To get an idea. of the kind of recipes you can find in Workman's book, you can check out the ones she has contributed to our sile.
find Workman's bûok, yoil
chetk out ìhe
To
afl idea. ef the kind of feÖipes
Kalla Workman ReCipes:
Kåtle Wbrkmãn Rectpes:
TarraooD},1.~$lf1rd Crusted Filet 01
Tãrrâflûn Mustãrd Crusl'¿d Filet Öf
Beel
.$.Qgtj):,Y.$§.tt.lIDQj)ig.15§.D.:Qj)jQQ.;lg..$.~.Rf1L];lp.l!d.P'jll
$-Èr,llill,rr-F-È.l.Ern. Ëfl.i-c.lsej-"::tìÌrírrr-îàç."$çsef-b\rrpl..p,jp
I'å-vsÈêd-*.åns Ê?nnpll!*i--Epsn..Çr*F.1i?i l#iJå.."çr-smgl4JÈ
\YQ.<:;'' r.!.Q ..An,LG1!.on",jjil1.i S~;;QGIQ$tiniWi\!:lGn;;milli!\g
Pan Thai
Pâri Thäi
Modern Greek Salad
MÕSÈin Gr6F,k Selad
A-392
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1040
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 3
DURIE TANGRILLP
DARALYN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECFCase
v.
GO OGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARA TION OF BRAD HASEGA WAIN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT GOOGLE
INC.'S MOTWN FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
A-393
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1040
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 3
I, Brad Hasegawa, hereby declare under penalty of perjury:
1.
J am an engineer at Google Inc. I submit this declaration in support of
Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. I make this declaration based on personal
knowledge of the facts and circumstances set forth herein.
2.
My duties at Google include ensuring the security of Google Books. In this
declaration, I discuss security measures for the type of books at issue in this case -- full-length.
English-language books not known to be in the public domain and not in the Partner Program.
3.
The Google servers which hold the complete scans of books and related
information are not publicly accessible and are protected by the same security system Google
employs to protect its own confidential information.
4.
Google employs security measures to ensure users cannot recover the text of an
entire snippet view book or even complete pages from those books. Examples of those measures
follow. Google shows at most three snippets in any given book in response to a given search
query. A user cannot cause the system to return different sets of snippets for the same search
query on the About the Book page, and Google Books does not allow the searcher to copy the
text of those snippets, instead presenting them in the form of an image snippet. The position of
each snippet is fixed within the page. and does not represent a "sliding window" around the
search term. Only the first responsive snippet available on any given page will be returned in
response to a query-so even if the term appears eight times on the page, only one snippet from
that page will be displayed. One of the snippets on each page is blacklisted (meaning that it will
not be shown). In addition, at least one out of ten entire pages in each book is blacklisted.
5.
These protections are designed to prevent a user from conducting multiple
searches in order to reconstruct any substantial portion of a book. Even if the attacker had a
2
A-394
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1040
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 3
physical copy of the book in question in front of him, and used that physical copy to identify
words appearing in successive snippets to use as the basis for the attack, the most complete
patchwork of snippets he could end up with would still be missing at least one snippet from
every page and at least 10% of all pages. (Of course, if the attacker had the book in front of him,
it would be much easier for him to scan it than to try to circumvent Google's security measures.)
6.
Protections are in place to prevent automated downloading of snippets. For
example, image snippets are given web addresses (URLs) which do not fit a predictable pattern,
and rate limits are placed on the number of requests from a particular user, and the amount of
material shown from a particular book across all users.
7.
I am aware of no security breaches resulting in unauthorized access to books, and
due to my role in ensuring the security of GoogIe Books, I would have been informed if any such
breach had occurred.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on this Z'if6 day of July, 2012 at Mountain View, California.
Brad Hasegawa
3
A-395
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1041
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 3
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARAL YN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangrLcom
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
j gratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GO OGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF STEPHANE JASKIEWICZ SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT
GOOGLE INC.'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
A-396
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1041
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 3
I, Stephane Jaskiewicz, hereby declare under penalty of perjury:
1.
I am an Engineer at Google Inc. I submit this declaration in support of
Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. I make this declaration based on personal
knowledge of the facts and circumstances set forth herein.
I.
THE GO OGLE BOOKS CORPUS
2.
I am familiar with the technical process which scanned books undergo, and am
familiar with the databases which hold information about the books in the Google Books corpus.
3.
Books are scanned at scan centers. Images of the book pages are stored in a
secure manner for processing. Optical character recognition (OCR) is performed on the images
to generate machine-readable text, which is also stored on GoogJe file servers.
4.
I am generally familiar with the scope of the books which can be searched
through Google Books. The Google Books corpus contains virtually every type of book: novels,
biographies, children's picture books, reference works, textbooks, instruction manuals, treatises,
dictionaries, cookbooks, books of poetry and memoirs. GoogJe Books includes both in print and
out of print works, though the significant majority are out of print.
5.
Google has a policy of excluding from display works a lightsholder has asked
Google not to display and takes steps to render the text of those books unsearchable. Any
rightsholder can exclude a book simply by filling out an online form which was been available
since 2005. GoogJe maintains a database of books which are to be excluded as a result of
requests from rightsholders.
II.
THE GRIN SYSTEM
6.
A library that has submitted a book to be scanned may make and download a copy
of the scan of its book using a system called the GoogJe Return Interface (GRIN).
7.
I lead the engineering team responsible for maintaining GRIN, and am familiar
2
A-397
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1041
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 3
with its operation. The details of GRIN discussed herein have not varied over time.
8.
To make this copy. a library first submits a request to the GRIN system, which in
turn triggers the creation of an encrypted copy of the book that is placed on a secure GoogJe
server. This copy is made from the central copy of the scan data stored by Google, which is used
by the processes which support other portions of Google Books, such as indexing and snippet
display. Each book is encrypted, and each library has a unique encryption key. The library may
then download this encrypted copy of the book it made.
9.
Some but not all full-length English-language books not known to be in the public
domain have been copied by the libraries using GRIN. Where a library takes no action with
respect to a particular book, the GRIN system does not do anything with respect to that book.
I declare under penalty of peIjury under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is true and correct.
'Executed on this ~ day of July, 2012 at Mountain View, California.
3
A-398
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1042
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 2
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARAL YN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GO OGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF GLORIANA ST. CLAIR
IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT GOOGLE INC.'S
MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
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I, Gloriana St. Clair, declare as follows:
1.
I am the Dean of University Libraries at Carnegie Mellon University in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. I am also a director of the Universal Digital Library, whose
main project is the Million Book Project.
2.
I have been retained by Defendant Google Inc. to provide my opinions regarding
the challenges libraries and others face in identifying and finding copyright owners, and
regarding the practices of libraries with respect to digitization of books at the time Google
began its Google Books project.
3.
My expert report, which was submitted in this matter 011 May 4, 2012, is attached
hereto as Exhibit A. The facts in that report stated on my personal knowledge are true and
correct. The report also states truly and correctly my opinions in this matter, based on the facts
of which I have personal knowledge and the additional information reflected in the report.
I declare under penalty of petjury under the laws of the United States of All1erica that the
foregoing is true and correct. Executed on July 18, 2012 in Pittsburgh, Pemlsylvania.
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EXHIBIT A
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TANGRI
DURIE T ANGRI LLP
DARAL YN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
j gratz@durietangri .com
gratz@durietangri.com
DAVID F. MCGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri .com
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
415-362-6666
Telephone:
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECFCase
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
EXPERT REPORT OF GLORIANA ST. CLAIR
May 3, 2012
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1.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 3 of 47
I am the Dean of Libraries at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, where I oversee all library activities. In addition, I am a director of the Universal
Digital Library, otherwise known as the Million Book Project. This project is an ongoing effort
to digitize books and make them available over the web.
2.
I have worked as a cataloger at the Universities of California and Oklahoma, as
Head of Technical Services (including acquisitions) at the San Antonio Public Library, as the
Head of Acquisitions for libraries at Texas A&M, as the Director for Technical, Automation, and
Administrative Services at Oregon State University, as the Associate Dean for Information and
Access Services at Penn State. I became University Librarian at Carnegie Mellon on April 1,
1998 and have been at Carnegie Mellon since that time.
3.
I also have served as the editor of College & Research Libraries and the Journal
ofAcademic Librarianship. After Elsevier purchased JAL, I was one of the founders of portal:
Librarianship.
Libraries and the Academy, which is part of Johns Hopkins' University Press Project Muse, a
licensed digital resource for libraries.
4.
My educational background, publications and additional qualifications are listed
in my CV, which is attached as Exhibit A. I am being paid $500 per hour for my work on this
case. I have not testified in any matter in the past four years. A list of materials provided by
counsel for Google Inc. that I considered in the preparation of this report is attached as Exhibit
s; other materials I considered are cited herein.
B;
I.
Summary of Opinions
5.
I have been asked to provide my opinions regarding the challenges libraries and
others face in identifying and finding copyright owners and regarding the practices of libraries
with respect to digitization of books at the time Google began its Google Books project. In brief,
my opinions are:
a.
In thinking about digitization of books, it is critical to distinguish between
digitization to facilitate search to find a book and digitization for the
purpose of displaying the whole text of a book. In 2004, when Google
began digitizing books, library digitization efforts were modest and were
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focused exclusively on the display of whole texts of works, not just
snippets to help users assess relevance or the creation of a full-text index
for search purposes only. Such digitization as occurred was limited to
certain subsets of, almost exclusively, public domain works. No largescale digitization projects were under way in the U.S.
b.
c.
In 2004 there was no prospect whatsoever that libraries would seek out
copyright holders and offer to pay them money to digitize books for search
purposes or for snippet view. Historically, libraries have paid for books
themselves but have not paid authors and publishers additional money for
the right to catalog and index them. Those services benefit both readers
and in, my view, authors, whose work may be found and whose ideas may
be studied. There is no reason to believe libraries will alter their
traditional practice of not paying to index books and very good reason to
believe that they will not. There is no market in which libraries pay to
index or display snippets nor is such a market likely to come into
existence.
d.
II.
The digitization of books helps libraries achieve their missions and serve
their communities. Digitization and display of the full text of a book
allows readers to read a book without having to travel to a library that has
the book or wait for the book to be delivered to a local library (if that is
possible) through an inter-library loan. Digitization without full display,
such as for search only or for search plus display of a snippet of text,
allows readers to find books relevant to their interests and possibly to buy
or borrow them. In each case, digitization helps readers locate and use
information, which is a core purpose of libraries.
It is often difficult, if not impossible, to find the copyright owner for a
book a library might want to digitize; even to the limited extent it is
possible to find such rights holders, the cost of doing so for any substantial
number of books is prohibitive. That cost alone would prevent libraries
from obtaining permission to digitize large numbers of books, even if
libraries focused on obtaining permission for only search purposes or
snippet views, which libraries do not.
Google's Book Project
6.
The Google Books project began in 2004, when Google began scanning
collections at libraries including Michigan, Harvard, Stanford, Oxford, and the New York Public
Library.]
Library. 1 A library that has provided books to Google may download digital copies of the books
it has provided. 2 Google has scanned over 20 million books. 3 Approximately 45,000 publishers
1
I Declaration
of Daniel Clancy In Support ofGoogle' Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Class Certification ~2.
of Go ogle'
2
2
9,20 II,
Deposition ofStephane Jaskiewicz, December 9, 2011, pp. 65-69; Defendant Google Inc.'s Supplemental
Narrative Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs' Second Request for Production of Documents and Things,
November 2,2011, p. 8.
2, 2011,
3
3
Clancy Declaration ~4.
2
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participate in one aspect of Google Books, called the Partner Program. 4 As discussed below,
Google's interest in digitizing books stemmed in part from the Million Book Project, of which I
am a director.
III.
Digitization and the Purposes of Libraries
7.
The digitization of books allows libraries to achieve their missions and serve their
communities to a vastly greater extent than was possible before. Today's library user wants and
expects instantaneous gratification and results. S.R. Ranganathan, a noted Indian librarian,
promoted five laws for library science. His fourth law stated that libraries should save the time
of the reader. Digitization does just that. In addition to saving time it makes every reader a
power reader and researcher-through searching full text, new content and new connections are
exposed to the reader. Realistically, such searching cannot be duplicated by paging through
numerous books. Digitization also benefits the public by extending the life of old, scarce and
fragile material with little damage to the original artifact.
8.
95% of funding for Carnegie Mellon libraries comes from our university
administration. With their budgets libraries must provide collections to support research and
Ilbraries
teaching, facilities to serve a growing set of expectations for individual and group work, and
services, such as reference, instruction, circulation, and interlibrary loan. Almost half of an
academic library's budget is spent on buying journals, books, databases, and a broad variety of
buyingjoumals,
5
other formats. s Much of a library's money is committed to maintaining established services;
very little is available to fund new efforts.
9.
Libraries have always helped students, scholars, and the general public find
information. Indexing information has been an important part of that service. Some of the
historical methods of indexing are discussed in Part VI. But over the history of indexing, from
card catalogs to computerized MARC records, libraries have not paid authors nor sought their
4
4
Id.
!d. ~6.
5
O.
ARL Statistics 2009-20 I 0. Washington, DC. p. 5.
5
3
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permission merely to index or to search through their books. Libraries do not do so now, and
there is no reason to think that libraries will do so in the future. As discussed below, when
libraries seek permission from publishers or authors, it is for the digital display of an entire book
so that readers can read it, not for use in tools that help readers find it.
IV.
Digitization Efforts Prior to Google Books
10.
In 2004, when Google began its Google Books project, there was no realistic
chance that libraries were going to embark on such a comprehensive project on their own. Most
fundamentally, both public libraries and academic libraries have little discretionary spending.
Public libraries are funded in a variety of complex mechanisms by their municipalities through
various tax, millage, endowment, gift, and grant systems. With those funds, the public expects
long hours of opening and multiple locations, programming for children and adults, and as large
a collection as possible. In 2011, 60% of public libraries reported flat or decreased funding.
Many cities face battles over branch closings and staff layoffs. Yet, within these branches,
citizens are increasing their use of computers to access the Internet by 70%. 6
70%.6
11.
For these reasons, scanning projects done by public libraries are almost always
boutique offerings focused on areas of great local pride. For example, New York Public Library
offers several dozen images of Victorian women, 66 photogravure portraits of artists, and
thousands of examples of American popular song sheet covers, circa 1890-1922. 7 Public library
scanning involved very discrete projects involving primarily public domain works. Financial
challenges to public libraries did not allow them to envision larger projects.
12.
Before Google Books, digitization projects not affiliated with academic or local
libraries generally were either modest in scope or targeted on specific topics and subsidized.
Examples include:
6
6
American Libraries "The 2012 State of America's Libraries: A Report from the American Library Association."
Digital Supplement. [Chicago: American Library Association, 2012.] pp. 11-12.
7
7
digitalgallery.nypl.org.
4
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•
Project Gutenberg, in which passionate volunteers typed in their favorite books, was the
first books project with about 17,000 works.
•
Library of Congress's American Memory project brought nine million works, including
many documents about the founding of the U.S., to the web beginning in 1990 with
private donations. 8
•
Making of America brought 10,000 academic library books and 50,000 articles from
10,000
1850-1877 to the web beginning in 1995.
•
The Million Book Project, discussed further below, was funded by the National Science
Foundation, the government of India, the government of China, and others, began in 2000
and had 1,400,000 books scanned by 2007.9
13.
At a very high level, the creation of a global digital library would serve the
missions of these libraries to their citizen customers. But in their day-to-day struggle to meet
demands for open facilities, providing computer access to those unable to afford their own
machines, providing services for children, for advancing literacy and for helping job seekers, and
meeting the general information needs of the public, public libraries had neither the funding nor
the attention and time to conceive and create a large digital library.
14.
In addition to their limited resources, I know from personal experience and
observation that before Google began its book project, academic libraries did not have the vision
to create a multimillion volume digital library..
library
15.
In 2004, most academic libraries did not think in terms of searching for books on
the web in the sense that one can search Google Books. Historically when libraries dealt with
books that had been reproduced in a different medium, they dealt with rolls of microfilm or
sheets of microfiche or microcards. These were kept in storage cabinets. Books reproduced in
these other media were typically selected and identified through bibliographies. The
reproduction and distribution of the texts did not follow the order of the bibliographies. Various
guides had to be consulted to identify the correct microfilm reel. Once identified, the reel had to
be correctly loaded into ~ microfilm reader and then threaded throu~h glass plates. Once that
8
8
Many of these works were shorter than books, so in assessing the project, I divided the nine million by 20 to
achieve a book parity figure.
9
Gloriana St. Clair, "The Million Book Project in Relation to Google," in William Miller and Rita Pellen (eds)
Googlization of Libraries (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 2008), 151-163.
9
5
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was successfully done, the reader then had to page through the multiple books or texts on the reel
before finding the desired book. Neither the text of printed books nor microform books can be
searched as one searches text in Google Books.
16.
Indeed, until I began to work with the Universal Digital Library project at
Carnegie Mellon, I was too constrained by the prevailing economic circumstances, conventions,
history, and current practices of the public and academic libraries where I worked to see the
possibility of such a collection myself. When I began at Carnegie Mellon, which emphasizes
technology in its research and instruction, my conversion was instant; my efforts to convert other
librarians were largely unsuccessful as the following paragraphs demonstrate.
17.
Before I arrived at Carnegie Mellon, a member of its faculty, Dr. Raj Reddy, had
conceived of a universal digital library that would include all the books, paintings, journals, and
other materials in the world and which would be free to read so that students and citizens around
the world would be able to benefit from its existence. He had begun to gather a team to help him
realize this dream. I was invited to become a director of the project.
18.
Working with Elaine Albright, director of the University of Maine library, I
obtained funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to gather librarians for a
discussion of digitization. The NSF includes an Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate
Competitive Research (EPSCoR). States invited were Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Puerto
Rico, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Oklahoma did not
send a representative. Held in Washington, D.C., on May 25-6, 1999, seventeen of the eighteen
EPSCoR states sent representatives. The objective of bringing together library representatives
from each EPSCoR state to have them interact with technical representatives was accomplished.
For example, the librarians were made aware of recent advances in scanning, another objective
of the meeting.
19.
One objective of the meeting was to create a consensus in favor of the goal of
digitizing 1,000,000 books. No such consensus developed. Most librarians questioned the value
6
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of having a predominantly digital collection and others questioned their states as sites for the
work. In spring and summer of 1999, many librarians dismissed this idea even though it would
have brought work to their states and even though the NSF program officer Michael Lesk made
clear that NSF believed it could provide $25 million in supplemental funding for such efforts if
libraries showed initiative in pursuing them.
20.
Subsequently, in September 1999, the Association of Research Libraries, a group
of over 100 of the largest libraries in the country, and the Online Computer Library Center
(OCLC), a consortium of thousands of libraries of all sizes and types, convened a meeting in
Keystone, Colorado. This group ratified a set of principles called the Keystone Principles, which
reflected a modest and constrained interest in a more digital future. Participants did not envision
the creation of digitized content, however, much less a million or twenty million volume digital
library.
21.
While I was Associate Dean of Libraries at Penn State I was part of the Digital
Library Federation (DLF), and was a member of its Planning Committee from 1995 to 1997.
When I moved to Carnegie Mellon I made its libraries part of the DLF as well. Under an
evolving set of names, the DLF flourished with a governing policy board from 1994 to 2009. On
average, I attended two meetings a year as a part of the governing board.
22.
DLF members all worked towards a digital future. Indeed, six DLF members
were original participants in the Google Books project. But the point of the DLF was to allow
partners to work together to solve problems in the creation of digital libraries. Even in this
relatively forward-thinking group I never heard a formal discussion of a project of the size and
scope of Google Books.
23.
Having been soundly rebuffed by u.S. librarians, Dr. Reddy, and the other
U.S.
directors of the Universal Digital Library, began to work with international colleagues to realize
his universal library. Between 2001 and 2003, Dr. Reddy and I were the principal investigators
on two funded proposals to scan a million books with partner universities in India and another
million books with partner universities in China. This work was subsidized by an NSF grant and
7
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funding from India and China. Scanning for this project has been paid for and accomplished in
these and other countries. Funding was limited, however, as discussed below, and the funding
we were able to obtain would not have achieved what Google has achieved with Google Books.
24.
The greatest achievement of the Million Book Project was that it helped inspire
Google Books. In its "frequently asked questions" pages, Google acknowledges that four
projects inspired its work-The Library of Congress's American Memory Project, Project
Gutenburg, the Million Book Project, and the Universal Library (the parent umbrella for the
Million Book Project). With its own initiative, Google has made significant progress toward
realizing the vision that the NSF had funded with its grants for the Million Book Project work.
At successive partners meetings beginning in 2007, the Universal Digital Library directors tried
to convince the international partners to contribute their content to Google Books. 10 Universal
Books, 10
Digital Library directors think that Google Books offers the highest visibility, and greatest use,
for the Million Book Project books and also the best alternative for sustainability and
preservation.
v.
V.
The Infeasibility of Clearing Rights For the Books Google Has Scanned
25.
Though the benefits of digitization are high, rights clearance poses obstacles to
furthering the public good through digitization. In pursuit of the digital future, Carnegie Mellon
University Libraries decided to experiment with rights clearance to see if it would be a barrier to
digitallibrary. 11
the creation of a functional digital library ,II Given our mission, we sought clearance to digitize
and make available the whole text of books. We did not seek permission merely to scan books to
create a comprehensive index or to display only snippets of text, as Google does for some books.
10
10 The Directors of the Universal Digital Libr~ry are Dr. Raj Reddy, Dr. Michael Sham os, Dr. Jaime Carbonell, and
Shamos,
Dr. Gloriana St. Clair. Reddy and St. Clair are the Principal Investigators on the National Science Foundation grants
that provided $3.6M funding for the project.
11
Our efforts are recorded in Acquiring Copyright Permission to Digitize and Provide Open Access to Books by
Denise Troll Covey. This work was published by the Digital Library Federation a part of the Council on Library
and Information Resources in October 2005.
II
8
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Because I believe very deeply in the public benefits of library digitization, I have
subsidized Carnegie Mellon's digitization efforts and these studies by devoting part of Carnegie
Mellon's budget to them. I elaborate on this point after describing the studies.
A.
Carnegie Mellon's Feasibility Study
27.
Our first project, called here the Feasibility Study, began in 1999. We drew a
random sample of books from our online catalog after consulting with a statistician to ensure that
the sample would yield statistically valid conclusions. This sample contained 368 titles. 351 of
the 368 titles in this study (95%) appeared to be copyright protected. 12 We began to eliminate
12
other categories of materials as follows:
•
10% were dropped because they were technical reports or theses that had been coded in a
10%
MARC field wrongly as books.
•
3% were eliminated because they appeared to have multiple rights holders, such as
editors and authors of expression, maps, or other images. We knew that clearing
copyright on these would be quite difficult and chose to drop them immediately.
•
8% more were rejected as the study proceeded when publishers introduced
"complications from third party ownership."
13
The resulting set held 277 titles from 209 publishers. 13
28.
In addition to the 11% of books eliminated from the study because their copyright
11 %
situations were complex, the Feasibility Study showed that finding contact information for
publishers is difficult and sometimes impossible. After using Global Books in Print, Literary
7%
Market Place, and Internet search engines, we still could not find even an address for 70/0 of the
over 200 publishers in our sample. Many letters were returned by the U.S. Postal Service as
"Address unknown." Ultimately 21% of publishers, accounting for 19% of the titles in our
14
sample, could not be found. 14
29.
For publishers we could find, we sent a letter asking for non-exclusive permission
to scan a book and make its text available on the web. Often we did not hear back from the
12
12
Id.
ld. at 12.
131d.
13 /d.
14
141d. at 13.
/d.
9
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publisher, in which case we sent a follow-up letter designed to adduce responses. In total, 278
initial request letters and 246 follow up letters were sent. Response time averaged I 0 I days for
101
15
permission granted letters and 124 days for permission denied letters. 15
I24
30.
After these efforts, only half of the publishers we could find responded to our
request. Of those that responded, more than a fourth of them granted permission to scan their
books and make them available on the web. 16
B.
Carnegie Mellon's Posner Collection Study
31.
Many library digitization projects have focused on specialized collections and we
also performed a study of such a project. The Posner Fine Arts Foundation has a collection of
rare books collected by Henry Posner, Sr., on deposit with Carnegie Mellon University Libraries.
The Posner family wishes this collection to be used for educational purposes. In 2001, Henry
200 I,
Posner, Jr., and his wife Helen funded a digitization and copyright clearance project for the
collection. The Posner Collection differs from the random sample of books that were the subject
of the Feasibility Study: the Collection includes works focused on the history of science and
specially produced books on decorat~ve arts, in which the physical beauty of the book (which
cannot be reproduced by scanning) adds significant value to its content.
32.
After this collection was digitized we did open for public reading on the web all
the titles that were either out of copyright or whose rights had been cleared. Biologists
navigating the Amazon, Jehovah's Witnesses writing a story about Robert Hooke, and
Cambridge University celebrating its mathematical prowess, among others, have used this
collection. Compared with the few students who come in person or in classes to see the originals,
17
the digital surrogates were used well over a million times annually for the last five years. 17
15/d.
15/d.
In addition, 68% ~fpublish~rs granting permission did so only subject to qualifications that would be difficult for
~fpublishers
a project to accommodate. These included not granting permission for any expression within a book in which the
book's author did not control the rights, limiting the time for access or for scanning, prohibiting simultaneous use, or
(6%) demanding a fee, which ranged from $50 to $300. Jd. at 15. These demands pertained to full-text display of
/d.
books, not to search or to display a snippet.
16
16
17
17Briefing
Book. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Libraries, 2010. p. 8.3.
IO
10
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For the Posner Collection, we were unable to locate almost one-third of the
relevant publishers, accounting for 13% of the books. Almost two-thirds of the publishers
contacted responded, and almost half of these granted permission. Almost twice as many
18
publishers granted permission as denied it. 18
c.
C.
The Million Books Project Study
34.
A third study was done in connection with the Million Books Project. The Project
organizers quickly agreed that it would be time-consuming and expensive to identify and seek
permission from copyright holders, with no guarantee that those efforts would be successful.
Consequently, most of the books targeted by this project are in the public domain. Of the
111 o•h
original target of one million books, only 1I10th were to be in-copyright works. To select these
works the Project began with a bibliography entitled Books for College Libraries (BCL), a
Books/or
19
bibliographic work compiled by librarians. 19 About 5,600 different publishers published the
books in the BCL bibliography. We eventually sought to close negotiations with only 364 of
these 5,600 publishers. We did not attempt to find and negotiate with authors to whom rights
had reverted.
35.
The Project initially contacted 32 commercial publishers. Only seven of these
responded; two granted permission, two explained that rights had reverted to authors when books
went out of print, and three denied permission. In light of the data generated by the Feasibility
Study, the Project then abandoned efforts to contact the remaining commercial publishers and
20
instead focused on scholarly societies and university presses. 20
36.
The unreliability of responses we received from publishers in these studies
compounded the frustration of rights clearance. For example, Indiana University Press initially
granted permission and eight months later denied it because a new director had been hired.
Johns Hopkins University Press granted permission and sent a list of titles we were authorized to
18
18
Acquiring Copyright Permission, supra note I, at 26.
19
19
American Library Association. Books for College Libraries. Chicago: ALA, 1988.
20
20
Acquiring Copyright Permission, supra note I, at 39.
11
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scan and display. Some time later, the head of the press wrote that rights actually had reverted to
the authors. Similarly, Kent State University Press planned to participate but later said that
permissions had reverted to the authors. One commercial publisher, Bowker, wrote that it would
be happy to grant permission but it thought it did not hold the rights in a book it had published.
Bowker explained that it had been owned by a number of parent companies and suggested the
rights might be owned by one of them or might have reverted. Following Bowker's suggestion,
we contacted one of the previous parent companies but found that it, too, did not own the rights.
37.
Carnegie Mellon's results were not singular. In a response by Cornell University
Library to the Notice of Inquiry concerning Orphan Works, Sarah Thomas, Carl A. Kroch
University Librarian, reports spending over $50,000 in staff time trying to clear 343 copyrights. 21
Permission was obtained for 98 titles and denied for 47 titles; for the remaining 198 titles no
47
rights holder responded. Thomas noted: "Perhaps the saddest group of letters was from 38
authors who wanted their works made available as part of the project, but whose publishers (the
current owners of the copyright) never responded to our inquiries." Responding to the same
Notice of Inquiry, Sidney Verba, Carl. H. Pforzheimer University Professor & Director of the
&
Harvard University Library, wrote: "The expense of this sort of searching, with the tools now
available, is an expense that in most cases simply cannot be borne in any significant scale. The
result is that many books, whose free access through digitization projects would greatly promote
the dissemination and creation of knowledge, while not damaging the interest of any copyright
22
,,22
owner, are kept out of digital collections serving the public good. A truly lose-lose situation. "
38.
On balance, therefore, rights clearance poses significant obstacles to furthering
the public good through digitization. Relying on the random sample study as the most
statistically reliable, in the aggregate, copyright clearance research indicates that for
approximately one-third of books, rights clearance either cannot occur at all or will not be
21
21
Comment of the Cornell University Library, In re Orphan Works, No. 569 (Mar. 23, 2005), available at
aJ
htto://www.cogyright.gov/omhan/comments/OW0569-Thomas. pdf.
http://www.copyright.gov/orohan/comments/OW0569-Thomas.pdf.
22
22
Comment of Harvard University Library, In re Orphan Works, No. 639 (Mar. 25, 2005), available at
httt>://www.cogyright.gov/omhan/comments/OW0639-Verba.gdf.
http://www.copyright.gov/omhanlcomments/OW0639-Verba.pdf.
12
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attempted because the conditions, particularly the presence of multiple rightsholders, are too
unfavorable to justify the effort. That fact alone would deprive the public of the benefit of being
able to find with the click of a mouse books that might enrich their lives and benefit their
scholarship.
VI.
Google Books Is A New And Very Valuable Research Tool
39.
Books themselves are wonderful things. Many, many lovers have written
passionately about the look, feel, smell, and sound of interacting with a paper book. But the
greatest joy of books is their content. Human ability to record ideas in books and their earlier
counterparts-clay tablets, stone carvings, papyrus, and vellum-has allowed civilization to
advance at a faster and faster pace. At one time in the middle ages, an educated person could
have read all the extant books. Today, perhaps 100 million books exist, but as Nobel winner
Herbert Simon wisely observed, human attention has not kept pace. 23
40.
From the late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, libraries used
small index cards stored in file drawers. Card catalogs were expensive to create, difficult to
maintain, and an arduous-to-use gateway to library collections. These cards recorded some
information about a book-its title, author, publication date and publisher, and three or four
general subject headings. For example, Kenneth Crews' book Copyright, Fair Use, and the
Challenge for Universities: Promoting the Progress of Higher Education would have had four
cards: one under Crews, Kenneth D.; one under the title of the book (filing under the word
"copyright"); one under the subject "Photocopying processes-Fair use (Copyright)-U.S."; and
one under "Universities and colleges-United States." The only word of the title that counted
was the first one. Thus, One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest would have only appeared under the
Os and The Lord of the Rings under the Ls (initial articles in all languages are skipped in filing).
23
Herbert A. Simon, "Cooperation between Educational Technology and Learning Theory to Advance Higher
Education, in Technology Enhanced Learning: Opportunities/or Changed, edited by Paul S. Goodman. Mahwah,
Opportunities for
N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Pp. 61-74.
N. J.:
Pp.61-74.
23
13
A-415
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1042-1
41.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 16 of 47
In the last half of the 20th century, libraries began to use computers to help
scholars find their way through multimillion volume collections. In the early 1960s, local
libraries purchased computers to replace the card catalog. The Online Computer Library Center
(OCLC) was created; OCLC allowed libraries to know who had which books and to share the
costs of cataloging those books. Readers could now access words inside the title and subject
heading, could search by publisher, city of publication, date, and many other parts of the
descriptive record, now called a MARC record.
42.
Throughout this process, however, book content remained closed. Books could
be located through OCLC's Webcat using traditional cataloging records (now called metadata).
Typical access points are the names of authors, editors, illustrators, etc.; the title; the publisher;
and about four subject fields. Finding any idea not captured by these fields required locating the
physical book and thumbing through it or re-reading it. This process was time consuming and
often failed.
43.
Historically, this process was also local. The knowledge one was able to find
depended on what library one could gain admission to. When I was the head of the Acquisitions
Department at Texas A&M University in 1980s, the libraries employed a university car and
driver weekly to transport faculty and students over to the University of Texas in Austin so that
they could use the larger and differently-focused library there. In my service on A&M's small
research grant committee, we often funded trips to Europe so that scholars could use collections
located there. Today at Carnegie Mellon, a student doing a dissertation on the rhetoric of the
debate around Darwin's theory of evolution sits comfortably in his office reading the relevant
texts on his or her computer. Not only does this student not have to travel or use the hated
microforms to read books for which full display is available, but even for other books the student
can work much more quickly and precisely because he can search inside the books themselves.
44.
Google Books provides an immense public benefit by helping scholars and
imn1ense
citizens find books that are responsive to their needs and interests. Google Books has
transformed the way citizens and scholars worldwide can find books. Rather than paging
14
A-416
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1042-1
Filed 07/27/12 Page 17 of 47
through row upon row of books, thumbing through index cards, spooling reels of microfilm, or
searching only keywords created by others, today's readers can search the actual text of over 20
million books to find those that best suit their needs. Time they need ·not spend looking js time
'not
they may spend learning or simply enjoying books they otherwise might never have known
existed. That is a Jarge part of what libraries themselves are for. The resulting benetlt to the
resu1ting benet1t
large
public is, in my view, enonnous, and it does not come at the expense of authors, whose books
enormous~
and ideas are far ea.~jer to find than they otherwise would be. Helping readers find books is a
ea.~ier
an.d
service to both readers and authors.
Dated: May 3, 2012
_(~~M~'~ MlcCV:U
(S!I~Oriana~C\air
...,
'.
15
A-417
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1043
Filed 07/27/12 Page 1 of 12
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARALYN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone:
415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
LOCAL RULE 56.1 STATEMENT OF UNCONTESTED FACTS IN SUPPORT OF
DEFENDANT GOOGLE INC.’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT OR IN THE
ALTERNATIVE FOR SUMMARY ADJUDICATION
A-418
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1043
Filed 07/27/12 Page 2 of 12
Pursuant to Local Rule 56.1, Defendant Google Inc. (“Defendant”) respectfully submits
this statement of uncontested facts in support of its motion for summary judgment or in the
alternative for summary adjudication.
1.
Research libraries house millions of books. Decl. Dan Clancy Supp. Def. Google
Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Clancy Decl.”) ¶ 3.
2.
Most books included in the Google Books Library Project are academic works.
Clancy Decl. ¶ 3.
3.
Most books included in the Google Books Library Project are non-fiction. Brian
Lavoie and Lorcan Dempsey, Beyond 1923: Characteristics of Potentially In-copyright Print
Books in Library Collections, 15 D-Lib 11/12 (2009), available at http://www.dlib.org/
dlib/november09/lavoie/11lavoie.html.
4.
Most books included in the Google Books Library Project are out of print.
Clancy Decl. ¶ 3; Decl. Stephane Jaskiewicz Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J.
(“Jaskiewicz Decl.”) ¶ 4.
5.
All of works in the Google Books corpus were published. Decl. Joseph C. Gratz
Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Gratz Decl.”) Ex. 3, Plas.’ Resp. Obj. Def. Google
Inc.’s 1st Set Interrogs. No. 1 at B(1).
6.
The Google Books corpus contains novels, biographies, children’s books,
reference works, textbooks, instruction manuals, treatises, dictionaries, cookbooks, books of
poetry, and memoirs, among other works. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 4.
7.
Beginning in the late nineteenth century, libraries indexed books using index
cards, which recorded some bibliographical information and classified the book under a handful
of subject headings chosen by librarians. Decl. Gloriana St. Clair Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot.
2
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Summ. J. (“St. Clair Decl.”) Ex. A ¶ 40.
8.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the gradual digitization of card
catalogues allowed library users to perform electronic searches for the names of authors and to
search within a book’s title as well as a few subject fields per book. St. Clair Decl. Ex. A ¶ 41.
9.
Electronic card catalogue searches do not allow a user to search for information
not tied to the author, title, or one of the specific subject fields. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep.
Tr. 96:16-97:2.
10.
Google Books allows a user to search the full text of the Google Books corpus
using a query of the user’s own design. Clancy Decl. ¶ 7.
11.
A search for “Archimedes” using Google Books locates many thousands of books
in less than one second. Clancy Decl. ¶ 7.
12.
A search for Archimedes using Google Books returns the most relevant books in
the Google Books corpus that contain any reference to Archimedes. Clancy Decl. ¶ 7.
13.
The ability to search electronically the full text of books can be achieved only by
digitizing the full texts of those books. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 96:16-97:2; Gratz
Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 104:7-105:2.
14.
In 2004 Google began scanning books in the collections of several significant
research libraries, including the University of Michigan and the University of California. Clancy
Decl. ¶ 5.
15.
A book is scanned at one of a small number of scan centers. Clancy Decl. ¶ 6.
16.
Physical access to the scan centers is limited to Google employees and
contractors. Clancy Decl. ¶ 6.
17.
Images of the book pages are stored in a secure manner for processing.
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Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 3.
18.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is performed on the images to generate
machine-readable text, which is also stored on Google servers. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 3.
19.
The Google servers on which books are stored are not publicly accessible. Decl.
Brad Hasegawa Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Hasegawa Decl.”) ¶ 3.
20.
The Google servers on which books are stored are protected by the same security
Google employs to protect its own confidential information. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 3.
21.
Google is aware of no security breaches resulting in unauthorized access to books.
Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 7.
22.
Google analyzes each scan and creates an overall index of all the books that have
been scanned. Clancy Decl. ¶ 6.
23.
The Google Books index links each word or phrase appearing in each book with
all of the locations in all of the books in which that word or phrase is found. Clancy Decl. ¶ 6.
24.
The Google Books index allows a search for a particular word or phrase to return
a result that includes the most relevant books in which that word or phrase is found. Clancy
Decl. ¶ 6.
25.
When a user performs a search, Google Books uses the index to generate search
results for a user’s query. Clancy Decl. ¶ 8.
26.
The search results return a list of books in which that user’s search term appears.
Clancy Decl. ¶ 8.
27.
A user can click on a particular result to be directed to an “About the Book” page.
Clancy Decl. ¶ 9.
28.
The “About the Book” page allows the user to obtain more information about the
4
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book in question. Clancy Decl. ¶ 9.
29.
The About the Book page includes links to sellers of the book. Clancy Decl. ¶ 9.
30.
The About the Book page includes links to libraries listing the book as part of
their collections. Clancy Decl. ¶ 9.
31.
No advertisements have ever appeared on any About the Book page for any book
that is part of the Library Project. Clancy Decl. ¶ 9.
32.
In some uses of Google Books, users can also see a small amount of text from the
book (a “snippet”). Clancy Decl. ¶ 10.
33.
Google employs security measures to ensure that users cannot recover the entire
text of a snippet view book. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
34.
Google employs security measures to ensure that users cannot recover one
complete page of a snippet view book. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
35.
A user cannot cause the system to return different sets of snippets for the same
search query. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
36.
Google Books does not allow the searcher to copy the text of snippets.
Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
37.
The position of each snippet is fixed within the page, and does not represent a
“sliding window” around the search term. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
38.
Only the first responsive snippet available on any given page will be returned in
response to a query. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
39.
One of the snippets on each page is blacklisted (meaning that it will not be
shown). Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 4.
5
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40.
At least one out of ten entire pages in each book is blacklisted. Hasegawa Decl. ¶
41.
Even if an “attacker” had a physical copy of the book in question in front of him,
4.
and used that physical copy to identify words appearing in successive passages to use as the basis
for the attack, the most complete patchwork of snippets he could end up with would still be
missing at least one snippet from every page and 10% of all pages. Hasegawa Decl. ¶ 5.
42.
Not all books are placed in “snippet view.” Clancy Decl. ¶ 11.
43.
Works whose text is organized in short “chunks” such as dictionaries, cookbooks,
and books of haiku are excluded from snippet view. Clancy Decl. ¶ 11.
44.
The determination whether to place a work in snippet view is made by human
operators who examine each book to ascertain whether it is organized in short chunks. Clancy
Decl. ¶ 11.
45.
No book is designated for “snippet view” without a manual review. Clancy Decl.
46.
Google has a policy of excluding works a rightsholder has asked Google not to
¶ 11.
display. Clancy Decl. ¶ 11.
47.
Any rightsholder can ask to exclude a book by filling out an online form which
has been available since 2005. Clancy Decl. ¶ 11.
48.
For excluded works, users may view bibliographic information about the book but
not text from the book itself. Clancy Decl. ¶ 12.
49.
Rightsholders may request that Google display text through the Partner Program.
Clancy Decl. ¶ 13.
50.
The rightsholder can choose what percentage of the text of the book to display as
6
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part of the Partner Program. Clancy Decl. ¶ 13.
51.
Most rightsholders in the Partner Program choose to display at least 20% of the
text of their books. Clancy Decl. ¶ 13.
52.
Over 45,000 publishers have included works within the Partner Program,
including HarperCollins, Penguin, Simon & Schuster, and Macmillan. Clancy Decl. ¶ 14.
53.
Google Books advances scholarly research. Gratz Decl. Ex. 5, Samuelson letter
to Judge Chin at 1; St. Clair Decl. Ex. A ¶ 43.
54.
A search on Google Books for “Steve Hovley” returns dozens of books that
discuss that major leaguer, including Ball Four and a book about the 1969 Seattle Pilots (for
whom Hovley played). Decl. Kurt Groetsch Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Groetsch
Decl.”) ¶ 12.
55.
A search in of the catalogue of the Library of Congress produces no results for
Steve Hovley. Groetsch Decl. ¶ 11.
56.
A researcher searching the catalog of the Library of Congress for information
about attorney Minoru Yasui will find only one book containing information about Mr. Yasui.
Groetsch Decl. ¶ 13.
57.
A search of Google Books for attorney Minoru Yasui will identify dozens of
books available in bookstores and libraries with information about Mr. Yasui, from a
reproduction of the Supreme Court filings in Yasui v. United States to an oral history of Japanese
settlers in Oregon containing a whole chapter in which Mr. Yasui recounts his story. Groetsch
Decl. ¶ 14.
58.
Text from the books in the Google Books corpus was used as an input to the “n-
grams” research project. Clancy Decl. ¶ 15.
7
A-424
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1043
59.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 8 of 12
The n-grams project provides a tool for users to determine how frequently
different terms or phrases appear in books published at different times. Clancy Decl. ¶ 15.
60.
The n-grams project has resulted in the publication of a paper in the journal
Science. Jean-Baptiste Michel et al., Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of
Digitized Books, 331 SCIENCE 176 (2011), available at http://www.sciencemag.org/
content/early/2010/12/15/science.1199644.
61.
Google entered into agreements with participating libraries pursuant to which the
libraries’ books would be scanned, after which the physical copies of the books would be
returned to the libraries. Clancy Decl. ¶ 5.
62.
The libraries promise contractually to abide by the copyright laws with respect to
their copies. Clancy Decl. ¶ 5.
63.
Pursuant to its agreement with Google, a library that has submitted a book to be
scanned may make and download a copy of the scan of its book using a system called the Google
Return Interface (GRIN). Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 6.
64.
No library may use GRIN to make a digital copy created from another library’s
book. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 8.
65.
To make a copy, a library first submits a request to the GRIN system. Jaskiewicz
Decl. ¶ 8.
66.
The library’s request to the GRIN system triggers the creation of an encrypted
copy of the book that is placed on a secure Google server. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 8.
67.
Each book is encrypted, and each library has a unique encryption key. Jaskiewicz
Decl. ¶ 8.
68.
The library may download the encrypted copy of the book it made. Jaskiewicz
8
A-425
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1043
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Decl. ¶ 8.
69.
Some but not all of the books in the class have been copied by the libraries using
GRIN. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 9.
70.
Where a library takes no action with respect to a particular book, the GRIN
system does not do anything with respect to that book. Jaskiewicz Decl. ¶ 9.
71.
No library has loaned out any digital copy it made using GRIN. Gratz Decl. Ex.
1, Courant Dep. Tr. 46:3-20.
72.
Libraries have used the downloaded copies to make their own full-text indices of
the works in their collections. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 105:2-12.
73.
Libraries have used the downloaded copies to make the digital copies available to
the blind. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 43:2-15.
74.
Libraries have used the downloaded copies to archive digital copies for the
purpose of preservation. HathiTrust Mot. Summ. J. at 3; see also Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant
Dep. Tr. 85:12-86:11.
75.
The participating libraries have taken security precautions to protect their copies
of works included in the Google Books corpus. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 106:23107:8.
76.
There is no evidence that any security breach has occurred with respect to any of
the library copies of works included in the Google Books corpus. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant
Dep. Tr. 107:5-8.
77.
No library has reduced its purchasing of books as a result of downloading of scans
using GRIN. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 108:15-19.
78.
Libraries historically have not paid authors or publishers for the right to scan
9
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books in order to index them. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 112:6-9; St. Clair Decl. Ex. A
¶¶ 5(c), 9.
79.
Libraries historically have not paid authors or publishers for the right to scan
books in order to search them. Gratz Decl. Ex. 1, Courant Dep. Tr. 112:6-9; St. Clair Decl. Ex.
A ¶¶ 5(c), 9.
80.
One traditional way to promote book sales is to provide readers with the ability to
browse books. Decl. Bruce S. Harris Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Harris Decl.”)
Ex. A ¶¶ 10-14.
81.
Books in bookstores are typically displayed on shelves or tables where they can
be browsed. Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 146:10-147:19; Harris Decl. Ex. A ¶ 15.
82.
Browsing can occur through websites such as Amazon.com, where publishers and
authors can agree to allow users to “Search Inside the Book.” Harris Decl. Ex. A ¶ 17; Decl.
Albert N. Greco Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot. Summ. J. (“Greco Decl.”) Ex. A ¶ 15; Gratz
Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 147:20-23.
83.
Some but not all of the books at issue in this case can be browsed on Amazon’s
site using “Search Inside the Book.” Decl. Judith A. Chevalier Supp. Def. Google Inc.’s Mot.
Summ. J. (“Chevalier Decl.”) Ex. A ¶¶ 40-42; Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 183:20-184:20.
84.
Search Inside the Book displays excerpts that are larger than the Google Books
snippets. Chevalier Decl. Ex. A ¶ 47; Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 183:20-184:20.
85.
Rightsholders give permission for online browsing using “Search Inside the
Book” without compensation to authors. Chevalier Decl. Ex. A ¶ 41; Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken
Dep. Tr. 183:20-184:20.
86.
The Authors Guild believes that online browsing has a net positive effect on book
10
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sales. Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 186:14-17.
87.
The Authors Guild has recommended to its members that they make the entire
first chapter of a book freely available on the Internet. Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken Dep. Tr. 176:18, 13-24.
88.
The “Back in Print” program allows authors to digitize their out-of-print books
and make them available for sale through a company called iUniverse. Gratz Decl. Ex. 2, Aiken
Dep. Tr. 172:25-175:25.
89.
William Morris is the largest literary agency in the world. Gratz Decl. Ex. 6,
Zohn Dep. Tr. 12:24-13:9.
90.
William Morris believes that inclusion in Google Books “is a fair use and not
detrimental to the copyright owner in any way.” Gratz Decl. Ex. 7, Zohn Dep. Ex. 2 at 1.
91.
Google Books has not displaced the sale of even a single book. Chevalier Decl.
Ex. A ¶ 47.
92.
A survey of authors has shown that the majority of authors approve of their
inclusion in Google Books. Decl. Hal Poret Supp. Google Inc.’s Opp’n Plas.’ Mot. Class
Certification Ex. 1 at 14, ECF No. 1001-1.
11
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93.
Filed 07/27/12 Page 12 of 12
A survey of authors has shown that the majority of authors do not perceive any
harm from their inclusion in Google Books. Decl. Hal Poret Supp. Google Inc.’s Opp’n Plas.’
Mot. Class Certification Ex. 1 at 14, ECF No. 1001-1.
Dated: July 27, 2012
Respectfully submitted,
By:
/s/ Joseph C. Gratz
DARALYN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
DAVID McGOWAN (Pro Hac Vice)
dmcgowan@durietangri.com
GENEVIEVE P. ROSLOFF (Pro Hac Vice)
grosloff@durietangri.com
DURIE TANGRI LLP
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone: 415-362-6666
Facsimile: 415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant Google Inc.
12
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
Filed 08/03/12 Page 1 of 6
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
------------------------------------- x
The Authors Guild, Inc., Associational Plaintiff,
Betty Miles, Joseph Goulden, and Jim Bouton,
individually and on behalf of all others similarly
situated,
:
:
:
:
:
Plaintiffs,
:
:
v.
:
:
Google Inc.,
:
:
Defendant.
:
:
:
------------------------------------- x
Case No. 05 CV 8136-DC
FILED UNDER SEAL
ECF CASE
DECLARATION OF JOANNE ZACK IN SUPPORT
OF PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT
(PUBLIC REDACTED VERSION)
I, Joanne Zack, declare pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746 as follows:
1.
I am a partner in Boni & Zack, LLC, counsel for plaintiffs in this litigation and a
member of the bar of this Court. I submit this declaration in support of plaintiffs’ motion for
partial summary judgment.
2.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a true and correct copy of U.S. Copyright Office
Certificate of Registration No. A173097 (for JIM BOUTON, BALL FOUR).
3.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a true and correct copy of U.S. Copyright Office
Certificate of Registration No. TX0000338841 (for BETTY MILES, THE TROUBLE WITH
THIRTEEN).
4.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a true and correct copy of U.S. Copyright Office
Certificate of Registration No. A346254 (for JOSEPH GOULDEN, THE SUPERLAWYERS: THE
SMALL AND POWERFUL WORLD OF THE GREAT WASHINGTON LAW FIRMS).
A-430
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
5.
Filed 08/03/12 Page 2 of 6
Attached hereto as Exhibit 4 are true and correct copies of print-outs from
Google's website displaying search results in JIM BOUTON, BALL FOUR.
6.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 5 are true and correct copies of print-outs from
Google's website displaying search results for the term "pitch" in JIM BOUTON, BALL FOUR.
7.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 6 are true and correct copies of print-outs from
Google's website displaying search results for the term "pitches" in JIM BOUTON, BALL FOUR.
8.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 7 are true and correct copies of print-outs from
Google's website displaying search results in BETTY MILES, THE TROUBLE WITH THIRTEEN.
9.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 8 are true and correct copies of print-outs from
Google's website displaying search results in JOSEPH GOULDEN, THE SUPERLAWYERS: THE
SMALL AND POWERFUL WORLD OF THE GREAT WASHINGTON LAW FIRMS.
10.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 9 are excerpts from a spreadsheet produced by Google
identifying approximately 2.7 million scanned books Google has distributed to libraries. Because
the spreadsheet is voluminous, the entire document has not been attached.
11.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 10 is a true and correct copy of a print-out from
http://www.authorsguild.orglaboutlhistory.html.
12.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 11 is a true and correct copy of a print-out from
http://investor.google.com/corporate/faq.html.
13.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 12 is a true and correct copy of "Google Checks Out
Library Books," dated December 14, 2004, as printed from Google's website.
14.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 13 is a true and correct copy of pages 1, 2, 15, and 56
from Google Inc.'s 2011 Fonn 10-K, as printed from Google's website.
15.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 14 is a true and correct copy of pages 1, 3, and 50 from
2
A-431
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
Filed 08/03/12 Page 3 of 6
Google Inc.'s 2010 Form 10-K, as printed from Google's website.
16.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 15 is a true and correct copy of a document titled
"Google Print Partner Development: Global Sales Conference," bates labeled GOOGOOOI0I101GOOG000101116.
17.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 16 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Daniel Clancy in this case.
18.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 17 is a true and correct copy of the Google Book
Partner Program Standard Terms and Conditions, available at
https:llbooks.google.com/partner/terms.
19.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 18 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Thomas Turvey in this case.
20.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 19 is a true and correct copy of a print-out from
http://support.google.comlbooks/binlanswer.py?hl=en&answer=43729/.
21.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 20 is a true and correct copy of an announcement from
Google, "Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Joins Google's Library Project," dated
June 6, 2007, as printed from Google's website.
22.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 21 is a true and correct copy of the Declaration of
Daniel Clancy in Support of Google Inc. 's Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Class
Certification, filed February 8, 2012.
23.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 22 is a true and correct copy of a print-out from
http://support.google.comlbookslbinlanswer.py?hl=en&answer=43751.
24.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 23 is a compilation of true and correct copies of
documents Google produced in this case, namely agreements Google has entered into with
3
A-432
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
Filed 08/03/12 Page 4 of 6
various libraries: the Cooperative Agreement with the United States Library of Congress, the
Digitization Agreement with Leland Stanford Junior University, the Cooperative Agreement
with the University of Michigan, the Collaboration Agreement with Harvard College, the
Cooperative Agreement with the University of California, the Cooperative Agreement with The
New York Public Library, the Cooperative Agreement with the University of WisconsinMadison, the Cooperative Agreement with the University of Virginia, the Cooperative
Agreement with Princeton University, the Cooperative Agreement with The University of Texas
at Austin, the Cooperative Agreement with the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, the
Cooperative Agreement with Cornell University, and the Cooperative Agreement with Columbia
University.
25.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 24 is a true and correct copy ofthe transcript of the
deposition of Kurt Groetsch in this case.
26.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 25 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition ofStephane Jaskiewicz in this case.
27.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 26 is a true and correct copy of Defendant Google
Inc.'s Supplemental Narrative Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs' Second Request for
Production of Documents and Things.
28.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 27 is a true and correct copy of Defendant Google
Inc.'s Responses and Objection to Plaintiffs' First Set of Requests for Admission.
29.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 28 is a true and correct copy of a print-out from
http://www.google.comlgooglebooks/library.html.
30.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 29 is a true and correct copy of a document titled "QA
Training Manual," bates labeled GOOG05002438-GOOG05002456.
4
A-433
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
31.
Filed 08/03/12 Page 5 of 6
Attached hereto as Exhibit 30 are excerpts from a spreadsheet produced by
Google as a file labeled GOOG05000001. Because the spreadsheet is voluminous, the entire
document has not been attached.
32.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 31 is a true and correct copy of an email dated
December 9, 2011, from Joseph Gratz to Joanne Zack, Subject: "Authors Guild v. Google:
Production of Book List."
33.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 32 is a true and correct copy ofa memorandum titled
"Library of Congress Trip Report," bates labeled GOOG00054 I 138-GOOG000541150.
34.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 33 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Paul Courant in this case.
35.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 34 is a true and correct copy of a document titled
"Go ogle Print Full Text Book Mini-GPS," dated December 10, 2003, and bates labeled
GOOG05004 754-GOOG05004770.
36.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 35 is a true and correct copy of a document titled
"Google Print: A Book Discovery Program," dated October 15,2004, bates labeled
GOOG000645719-GOOG000645742.
37.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 36 is a true and correct copy of the transcript ofthe
deposition of Gloriana St. Clair in this case.
38.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 37 is a true and correct copy of the Expert Report of
Daniel Gervais.
39.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 38 is a true and correct copy ofthe transcript of the
deposition of James Crawford in this case.
5
A-434
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053
40.
Filed 08/03/12 Page 6 of 6
Attached hereto as Exhibit 39 is a true and correct copy of the Expert Report of
Benjamin Edelman.
41.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 40 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Bruce Harris in this case.
42.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 41 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Albert Greco in this case.
43.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 42 is a true and correct copy of the transcript of the
deposition of Judith Chevalier in this case.
44.
Attached hereto as Exhibit 43 is a true and correct copy of Defendant Google
Inc.'s Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs' First Set ofInterrogatories.
I declare under penalty ofpeljury of the laws of the United States that the foregoing is
true and correct, and that this declaration was executed on July 26,2012 in Bala Cynwyd,
Pennsylvania.
6
A-435
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
EXHIBIT 1
Filed 08/03/12 Page 1 of 158
A-436
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-2
Filed 08/03/12 Page 2 of 158
12/12/11
8 63
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FORM A
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
EXHIBIT 2
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A-439
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 12/12/11 Page 11of 158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-2 Filed 08/03/12 Page 5 of 63
•
A-440
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
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A-442
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 12/12/11 Page 14of 158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-2 Filed 08/03/12 Page 8 of 63
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A-444
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
EXHIBIT 4
Filed 08/03/12 Page 10 of 158
A-445
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 12/12/11 Page 34 of 110
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 11 of 158
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Ball Four: My Lite ancl Hard Tines; Ttvowin!llh~ Knllddeball in \he. Big' le~ues . Charnbef1aln.
Wilt A View fn::.Im Above. New VOISc Random 1-1ouse, 19!11. His.
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BIIII four: my life and hOlrd times throwing the
knuckleba R in tt.e Big Leagues
Author
Jim Bouton
Editor
leonard Sheeler
Publisher
World Pub. Coo. 1970
length
400 pages
Subjects
Sports & Recreation> Baseball) General
BOlsebOln
Baseban players
Sports &. Recreation I Baseball 1 General
Sports & Recreation I Baseball 1 History
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40 pege, mllltching tommy davis in this book
Page4S
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in Sellltlc IMt )"CDr, Tom Etnn. Tommy Davis :I.lIid he: could fClllvw
the ftleJlt of thc ball pn:uy good, ul1tillle last it in a cloud. A very boo day
for the touetlebAll. It just didn't l:J\uekle. 'The DVUballd c~ wu
WOtking ptetty gcod and.some of lh~ fllstbllUs hopped pretty good. Wllo
knClWli, miloybc myoid motioo i5 wmin8 buck.. The 5in::ns ate ,tiD
Page 195
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lbOUghts.. Ilbtnll. 1"0 go wasil out my bn..!Il whI! soap.
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36 pages matching strike in this book
Page 62
_
... -- ........ ,.. .. ---" - ---- .the same thing. They'!'!! asking ycm to obey good pitching principles;
keep the ball dowD (most hitters are high-ball hille~), don't moUe lbo
pi!Ch too good (don't pilch il over the hcan of the plate), mO\le the ball
around inside !he strike zone and chioge speeds (keeps the hitter Ilf(
balllrlcc), and Ret ohead of the hitler {when you have tw~ strikes on a
Page 86
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lar~ rubber band. But all Joe wanted ,....u (0 IdI us to run ~ elltn.
laps sin~ we were in the buUpm II.IId wr.rr:n't able to run when everybody else did.
I Ilever "'w ",,,,W'Y run lam inokinp 110 haDD'Y
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ADd the. Cart YUtffllmski.·s flame came .p bcc:at.a M'd just ignom tM strike and GU)' Bell saki, "Dida'l~ ~ CuI Y&l5tn&mski ia lor bitaxU &nt lUKI SCQXId aod 1bc bel wilb ~bod, d!e."
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Sad to SilY. bilsebil l n ut thai I am. lhls
bock stayad below
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end. when it finally became 8 i . I ManEiged
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Ball Four: My Life And HlIrd Trnes Throwing The Knuck!abaliin 1lKI Big L&agUQS by Bouton,
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Title
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Pu bis her
lQnglh
5"""",
Dall four: my life and h!:lrd lime, thrown g the
knuckleball in lhe BiQ Lea\;jues
Jim Bouton
l eonard Sheeler
IAbrld Pub. Co., 19ro
400 pa5l~s
Sports & Rco~alion I Baseball I General
Baseball
Baseba9 pla ~
Sports & Reaealion I Baseball J G9nE!ral
SpOl1$ 8. Reaealion I Beseball l HistOl)'
"-
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prtlly
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yankees
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Page 23
checking the stl)(lll: tables IlIId because bcIween 1932, when m bcgm 10
play for the: Yankees. ilnd 1968. when be left as iI. ooacb, he hlld pulled
down some 23 World Sc:ries.l!hares in addition to bis considerable ialary.
And no Olle has noticed him spending very much oE iL In addition,
startine at D.ec fifty. he clcctro-_Ibly Lbroui"ll foolishnw, D10~ likelv
Page 90
Ule I'tO:WIlIlUSC p"Jll:n;. u~c W;LI !I T ;W1.~C I:.o.U iUlll ,I<' .COl........ 'U 1"11,,,,,,
pttn::ly OD. how much tlKy wcre helping the Yankccs 10 win. Cllorm,
pc=a1it)'. iIllc:llipo:---Ilolhirig wuntcd. (bUy wning. Ogle: didIJ',
hne ellen the pretense 01 objectivity. He Wl!l lbc only writer in the
p~ who would lake lhe s.=v~nlh-ianing slIClc:h in the Yankee h",U,
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nIlS IDeID ~aevm5 ury I'I! WiDnrD..
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AN I WOII'1 lorgel dJc timc-1962. J guess it Wti-ln Kansas
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.,u"cu, lUcy _,e Ic.o till ~d d--thi$ was iD Detr(Ji\-aJld mu! than in
~ pLwe caUcd ~ fla.mt. Mkkc)' sa~ them 1be 1ddI.w ADd $aid to
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Vhlia I ~cw up in a family thai cheered on the Ch:cego Ct.b5 (my flther had a baseball from a
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Jim Bouton Joe Schultz
ne_er n;;hI Q'Donoghue Ol0y outfield
PIlot. siltin9 ~prir,g training sta1il'd
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O'Brien fastball feel lell
lauJhed loclIer lOOk manager
Mike Marshall
pitch pitcher
Eddie
caned Cidt~h caI..rer ~lub
genng g:lCleam going ~um
Hook
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~,mo~
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~u;" la k lell I~~e's
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Ye~h
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References from web pages
The Dray/us Arrair The Natural. Ball Four; My Life and Hard Times ...
Sail Four. My Life and Hard Times Throwing the Knuck!eball il the. Big Leagues. Chamberlain,
Will. A Vlewfrorn Above. NewYoJ1(: Random House, 1991 His.
'NIIJW.ssc.wisc.edu! -jpiliavi! &411 video. pdf
B:::11 Four: My Life and Hard
nnes Throwing
the Knl.lCk:Cball in the •••
Former pilcher Jim Boulon's Ball Four: My Life and Hctrd TiTles Throwing the Knuckleball in the
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Bibliographic information
Title
Ball four: my life and hard' times throwing the
knucklebaft in the Big Leagues
Aul/1or
Jim Bouton
Editor
Leonard Sheeter
Publisher
World Pub. Co., 1970
Length
400 pages
Subjects
Spa,is 8. Recreation, Baseball) General
Basebaft
Baseban players
Sports & Recreation f Baseball J General
Sports & Recreation I Baseball/ History
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BiBTV::
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OtIc of the problems is IJm the hiucn: hale to hit Ilgainsc. III)'
knuckleball in battln2 orectke, Thcv doll" like: nilCherr. to work nn
Page 43
II ~
,
",....
ouling, however. I ~ITlI~}; out lite first hiUer I fl.la:d 011 fOPI
pitcbcs. :lll knu~kleballs. (Don't a,;1r: me: whQ he Wa.5; hiut;o; ~re juu
meat to me. WIlen YOLl throw a .knuckleball you don't have to worry
about ~b1:n~th:llIIld WCII)(nGSeS, l'm not ~urc they If)Ciln anythin~ anyway.) I notio::d again thlllllhlVN I beller }:nuck.lcball in a game than
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SRJlpelview
lOla ilII4
iI wu $0 daaxI coId--aDd
the
Amcricaa. Ltap:; • .rJI is de6.-
nilel)' bWr tbl.!ll tlIe Pacific coast I....eape baB--th:u 1 cooIdI't get the
cbn:u:i thiDg to bml: .t all. Every dnale buctleball J lh«w \I'U 101lia8
over, (I' I~' lidcwa)'S, IIDd I started 10 panic. 1 c:ould ft:el the ~
btuk OUt oa 1IlC. BOd I was alld ~ SlIIClII)' at the same time. Here was
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• Ja"T\es • Gooc'reads
While I grew up ., II family that cheered on the Chicago Cubs (my faher had a ba~eba l from a
game he attended with hi s father when he was il boy), the love of bilseball did not n.b off Q1
1TlQ.
My .•. Road lull rO'lio ....
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Jim Brosnan
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12l11nOl[
A-477
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Don Mincher
Gary Bell
"L)g0llt
bullpen
Gtlller ~!lInQ ~_
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callelJ Qk:1J I:iIUer dub
fol:
clubhouse
c:oaGII
Fred Talbot
.,nNy
guys :U~Ma!1in the. Big Leagues. Cllambertafri.
Wit. A View trom P i$ a bYIy alld hc:nest reGOUnting oflhe ._.
www.bntamica.com/eblIO&lc.908049JBaI -Four-My-Ufe...am...Ham_TW1.W5-TflfOWing-IheKnuddeball-in-Ihe-Big-leagues
Ball ftx.r; my lif" and nard li'nes Ihrowing tile kruc.1c;1eOOI1 in tho •.•
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"In in lI'1is book:
Page 62
up imo Ihl: infield and Tile CCilonel would 1001:: down Ihe bc!\Ch and :!Jly.
"'The boy's raslball is moving. The boy's fastb.alils rising." Two innings
laler, ~me situation, the. very same pitch. home TUlI inlo the Iclt-ticld
SCOllS. The Colonel looks up and down Ihe bench and Slly5 very wisely,
"Got the billl up. You sec what
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a doubkhc.ader anti. the dub bll!l lOme deal tbal anybody who Ilir. tht=
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'Nilt.
A View from Above. New York: Random House, 1991. His""
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Jim POigliaroni Bibliography I basebaillibrary.com
Ball Four: My Life And Hard Times Throwing The Knuck.lebaliin The Big Leagues by Bouton,
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nile
6all four. my lire am:! hard limes throwino tt.e
knuckleball in the Big Leagues
Author
Jim Boulon
Editor
Leonard Sheeler
Publisher
World Pub. Co., 1970
Length
-400 pages
Subjects
Sports & Hecreation) BOisebal1 , General
Baseball
Ba~eball
players
Sports & Recreatiorll Baseball
i General
Sports & Recrealion {Baseball 1 History
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The DrE~tus Affair The thtu- Ball FOUl . M ~ life and Hafd Tm es. _
al
Ba[1Fou r. /Jy Ut. :one! Hard lill1e'i ThlCMing the Knuckle:.all in the _BI9 Leagues. Ch;" bd..w..J ~1iI,~,
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The super-lawyers: the small and .•. - Joseph C. Goulden - Google Books
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abgorbed Dorr, Hand, Whittaker & Wa1.SOn. n Wall Street office
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Abe Fortas Acheson Administration alrll~e Americo. antitrust a"Ol""d Arnold
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Pursuing Regulalory Relief: Slrcltegie Participation and
litigation ...
Palrick Schmidt
Socializing The Legal Profession: Can Redistributing
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RICHARD LABEL-1979-law So POlicy
lobbying by law FIrms: A Study of lobbying by
Nalionai Law Firms ...
MatthBW Darke -1997 -Au5lralian Joum m.fto, mont mlnon Mudge Rose
Nader Nixon Panalb.a partner P~lman Penn Central pe~n( poli~(;niil Law Finns ."
Malth6w Oanca -1997 - Auwall an Journal ofPllbllc
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lille
A""'"
Publisher
Original
The supor-k"'y«a: tha small ~d ~ world of
the grelll W~~t1ing(Qn IlI.w irm.s
Denbooi(
Joseph C. GoUden
Waybright and Tatley, 1972
..m
tho Univornity ofCaDfomia
DigiU:zad
Oct 1, 2008
lenglh
40e palles
l ew) Oonerat Prectice
Subjects
Law I GenCiral Practice
lew I Legol Profcssioo
LawlYms
Law pertneB/llp
Pr.ICI:i..o of law
81
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government
100 pages matcting government in this book.
.Page 40
metlt: The goyemmellt has not charged and does not cWm that
any member 01 'the General Elecllk boelrd 01 directors, indud·
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Socializing The Legal Profflssion: Can Redlslribulirlg
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LobbyL1g by Law Finns: A Study of lobbying by
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The !Super-lawyers: the small and powerful wond of
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Oct 1, 2008
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EXHIBIT 9
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9007199 ISBN:0862 Nawal Sa‘dawi
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9007199 ISBN:0140 Victor S Navasky
Naming Names
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9007199 ISBN:0771 Mattison, David
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With Different Eyes
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Joe Darion
Man of La Mancha
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45 Contemporary Poems
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9007199 ISBN:0806 Dorothy Mackin
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9007199 ISBN:0380 Linda T. Sanford
Strong at the Broken Places UCAL,2,20101124
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The Legend of Good Women UCAL,4,20091124,20101105
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Harry Ezekiel Wedec Pictorial History of Morals
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The Influence of Criminal JusticUCAL,5,20090829,20101204
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Roger A. Putnam
Verrill & Dana
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J. Michael GreenwooA Comparative Evaluation of S UCAL,8,20090725,20090729,20101116
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Oil Land Leasing Act of 1920 UCAL,9,20090512,20090531,20090914,20101115
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The Other Government
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Ͳ
The United States in a ChanginUCAL,10,20090512,20090531,20090914,20101110
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Constitutional Rights of ChildreUCAL,9,20090725,20090729,20101116
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Virginia R. Allan
A Matter of Simple Justice
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New Approaches to Conflict ReUCAL,10,20090725,20090729,20090917,20101116
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United States Comm Civil Rights Issues of Handicapp
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Home Owners' Loan Acts and H
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United States. Dept. Tenants' Rights
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Alpheus Thomas MasBrandeis and the Modern Stat UCAL,8,20090724,20090729,20101116
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Wallace Mendelson Felix Frankfurter: a Tribute
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Jacob W. Ehrlich
A Life in My Hands
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Papers on the Constitution
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United States. FederaNatural Gas Act
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The Management of Serials AuUCAL,2,20090618
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Serials Librarianship
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9007199 ISBN:0872 Donald J. Lehnus
Milestones in Cataloging
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A Manual of Cataloguing Pract UCAL,6,20090512,20090531,20090914
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Charles Emil Tobin Manual of Human Dissection UCAL,9,20090707,20090818,20101110
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EXHIBIT 10
A-547
The Authors Guild - History
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
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Filed 08/03/12 Page 113 of 158
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A-549
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
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EXHIBIT 11
A-550
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 116 of 158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-1 Filed 12/12/11 Page 2 of 110
FreqL1ently Asked QLJestion<;· Google Investor Relation<;
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who is yours end tow do I conIeet them?
• Does Google pay a cash dividerd?
• W1en does Google report earrings? How can I listen to the webcast for the
earrings report?
• I missed the earongs webcast. Can I listen to the arclived session?
• Ywten.doe;;_Googte's fi;;cal year_end?
• IJo.hJ::n and where is the Google Annual Stockholders Meeting?
• How can I attend th=! Amual Stocktnlders Meeting?
• VVhere can I find all of Google's SEC filings?
• How can I download and Vtew the Ql.larterly and annual reports online?
• Can I reolJest to receive an SEC filings, annual reports, and/or proxy statements
electronicaay ralher than thrCllJQn the mail? Can I vote my proxy o~ine?
• VVho is Google's Indeperdenl Registered
PlJb~c
Accourd:ing Firm?
• How do I contact Investor Relations?
What is Google's mission? Howdid Google begin?
Google's mission i;; to orgarize the world's illformation 0100 make it univer;;ally
accessible and useful. The first step toward fulfilling that rnssion c:3me when our
fOl.l"ders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, workirg out of a Stanford University dorm room,
developed a new approach to onine search that quickly spread to iriormation seekers
around the globe. Google is row widely recogrized as the world's largest search
engire.
Back to lop
What does Google do?
Google is a global teChnolOgy leader focused on improving the ways people conr.ect
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Frequently Asked Questions· Google Inve5tor Relations
http://iJlve~tor.guug.it:.com/corporate/fil({.hblJi
with information.
Google primarily generates revel"1..e by delr.rering relevant, cost·effective online
advertising. BLJ5inesses LJ5e OUf AdWords program 10 promote their prodi.X:I.s an:t
selilices with targeted advertlsJrg. In addition, third-parties that comprise our Google
network LJ5e our Google AdSense program to deliVer relevant ads that generate
rcverue and enhance the user elCperience.
For more information, please see our Company Oveliliew.
Back to
top
Why are we so focused on our users?
We believe that the most effective, ard tJi.imately the most profrtable, way to
accofl1llish our mission is to put the needs of our users first. We've folJld that a
high-quality user experience leads to strol"fJ word· of-mouth prorrotian. O lE dedication
to our users is reflected in these three key company-wide coITVllitments:
• \Ne wiU do
()IJ" best to provide the most relevart and useful searcli results
possible, irdependent of financial incentives. Our search resLtts wilt be objective
and we will oot accept pa'tmeni for their inclusion or renking.
• We will do OlE best to provide the most relevart and useful advertising. Ads should
rot be an amoying interruption. If any element on a search result page is
influenced by pa'tment to us, we wi. malc:e this fact clear to
our users.
• We win rever stop working to impro\le a lI user e;.:perience, 0Lr search tectrology,
and other sreas of information organization.
We believe that our user focus is the foundation of our success to date. We also
believe that this focus is critical for the creation of long-term value. We do oot irtend to
compromise our LJ5er focLJ5 for soort·term economic gain.
We recommerd that you read Letters from Our FoUlders for more about Google's
philosophy.
Back to top
How does Google make money? What is driving Google's gmwth?
Today, the majorit't of all" reverue comes from advertising.
Advertisers are increasil'l3~ turnjng to the Interr'l9t to market their products and
scliliccs. Google Acf\Nords, our auction-based advertising program, enables
advertisers to deliver relevant ads targeted to search CllEI'ies or web content to
potential customers aa-oss Google sites ard ttrough the Google Network. which
consists of content owners and web sites. OLl" proprietal)/ technology automatk:ally
matches ads to the content of the page on whch they appear, and advertisers pay us
either when a user clicks on one of its ads or based on the number of times their ads
appear on the Google Network.
We distribute our advertisers' AdWords ads for display on the Google Network through
our AdSense program. We share most of lhe revarLJe generated from ads srnwn on a
site of a Google Network member with that member.
You can learn more about AdWords and AdSense here.
Back tq top
Who are our customers?
Our customers ara over one minion 01 ad\lartisers, from sman businesses targeting
local customers to many of the world's largest global enterprises, wh:I use Google
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Frequelldy Asked Questions - Google Investor Relations
http://illvestor.googie.(;omi(;orporatdfaq.html
AdWords to reach millions of users around the world.
Back to too
Who are our partners?
Partllefships have been vsry important to Google's success throughout our history, ard
we take our partnerships \l€ry serioL5ly.
Oll" AdSense network consists of partners ra~ing from website publisrers to Ire mosl
popular search destinations, to whOm we prOVide advertisemenls and with wh:::lm we
share a majority of the reverue we receive from those ads.
We also rave relationships with partners who distribute our products and seNices to
users a; over the world. Other panners provide valuable content that allows l.5 to brir"9
even more content ard information to Oll" users.
Back to top
What are our products?
Here's a cumorehensive list of all our prodLI:ts and services.
Back to 100
Who are Google's compelitors?
We rrovi:le this irnormation in our Ar1nLBI Report. Visrt Oll" SEC FWOIls ArOOve page to
refer to our most recent annual report.
Back to top
Where is Google located?
Our headquarters is located in Mountain View, Calrrornia, but we have offices allover
Ire world, inclLKling offices in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Israel, Japan, Kenya, and lhe lhited KJ!1;ldom.
Back to lop
How many employees does Google nave?
OLI employee ileadoount can be found on au- Fin30cial Tables page.
Back 10 lop
When was Googlc's initial public offering and at what price?
Oll" IPO was on Augusl 18, 2004 at a price of $85 per share.
Back 10 lop
On what excnange does GooSlle tr.ade and what is its ticker symbol?
Sl"Gres of our Class A common stock are nsted on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Global Select Market) lfifer the symbol.2QQ2. Our Class B common stock
is not publicly traded.
Back to top
How many shares of Google are outstanding?
Our shares outstanding can be found on Google Firance.
30rs
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Frequently A5ked Qucstions - Ooogie Investor R.t:lations
http;flinve5tor.goog)e.wm'curporateffaq.lltml
Back to tap
How can I invest in Google? Can I purchase Google stock directly from the
company?
You can plIchase Class A comman stock of OIl' oofTllany th'OLgh a registered
brOkerage or stock purchase service proVider of your choice. You caMOt buy stock
directly from Google,
Back to top
What is a transfer ag9nt, who is yours, and how do I contact tnom?
A transfer agent is a regulated orgtrization that keeps track of stockholder records
and information. To find out rrore. please contact our transfer agent::
Computershare Trust Company. N.A.
P.O, Box 4307S
Providence, RI 02940
+1-866-29B-8S35
+1-781-575-2879
~G9.ffiP1,.tershare . com
Back to top
Does Google pay a cash dividend?
No, we have never declared or paid a cash dividend nor do we expect to pay any
diVidends in lhe foreseeable futU'8.
Flack to top
When does Google report earnings? How can I listen to the webcast for thl'!
eamings report?
Visit our Webc:asts & Events page,
Back to top
I missod tno earnings webcast. Can I listen to the archived session?
Yes! You're welcome to ~sten to any of O!.Jr archived webcasts.
Back to top
When does Google's fIScal year end?
Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Our quarters end on March 31, June 30,
September 30. an:l [)e(;embE:r 31.
Back to lop
When and where is tho Google Annual Srocknolders Meeting?
We generally holcl our Annual Meeting of Stockoolders in the month of Mayor JLOe,
AdditiOnal irrformation can be found in our proxy statement for the relevant year.
Back to top
Howcan I attend the Annual Stockholders Meeting?
You can attend our Annual Stockholders Meeting ON....Y if you are a Google
stockholder. Additional information regarding alteooal'1::e requirements is detailed in
each year's arn..Ja1 pro;w statement. For more irtormation, visit our Amual
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Freq~mly
Asked Que.stiOIlS - Google Investor Relations
http://investor.googlt:.com'corporatcifilq.hImI
Stockholders Meeting page.
Back to top
Where can 1find all of Googl9'3 SEC filings?
You can access our filings t!vaugh the SEC website. You can also directly order
selected Google filings.
Back totop
How can I download and view the quarterly and annual reports on6ne?
You are welcome to download aoo vlew bOth quarterly and annual reports directly from
OlJ'" site.
Back to top
Can I request to receive all SEC filings, annual reports, andlor proxy
statements olectronically rather than through the mail? Can 1vote my proxy
online?
Yes, we tike sa'Oing trees. Please sign up here for electronic enrollment and to vote
your proxy online.
Back to top
Who is Googla's Independent Registered Public Accounting Finn?
Emst & Young llP
Back to top
How do 1 contact Investor Relations?
If you can't find the information you're looking for on our website, please feel free
to contact us here.
Or write to IJS here:
G0091e Inc.
Attn: Investor Relations
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain Vie.N, CA 94043
Back to top
© G0091e - Google Home - Privacy policy· Terms of $eNce
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EXHIBIT 12
A-556
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Filed 08/03/12 Page 122 of 158
12/12/11
15 of 110
Ooo&\c Checks O Ul Library Books - News fiom GoogJe
Page 1 of3
Google
1. Everything Gooqle
2. CorpDrate informa tion
3. News from Google
4. News announcements
5. News announcement
News from Google
Images and 8 -r0l1
• 8100 directory
• Google+ directory
• Twitter directory
• Facebook directory
• YouTube directory
News from Google
Google Checks Out Library Books
Th e LIbraries of Harvard, Stanford, the University of Michigan, the University of Oxford, and The New York
Public Library Join with Googla to Diaita/fy Scan Library Books and Make Them Searchable Online
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. - December 14, 2004 - As part of its effort to make aMine nformation searchable
online, Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG) today announced that it is working w;lh the libraries of Harvard,
Stanford, the Un iversity of Michigan, and the University of Oxford as well as The New York Public Library to
digitally scan books from their collections so that users worldwide can search them in Google.
"Even before we started Google, we dreamed 01 makIng the incredible breadth of information that librarians
so loving ly organize searchable on line," said Larry Page, Google co-founder and president of Products.
"Today we're pleased to aMounce this program to digitize the collections of these amazing libraries so that
every Google user can search them instantly.
http://W..I.W.google.comJpress/pressreJ/print_library.html
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Google Checks. Out Library Books - News. from Google
Page 2 of3
"Our work with libraries further enhances the existing Google Print program, which enables users to find
matches within the full text of books, while publishers and authors monetize that information,· Page added.
"Google's mission is to organize the world's information, and we're excited to be working with libraries to help
make this mission a reality."
Today's announcement is an expansion of the Google Print™ program, which assists publishers in making
books and other offline information searchable online. Google is now working with libraries to digitally scan
books from their collections, and over time will integrate this content into the Google index, to make it
searchable for users worldwide.
"We believe passionately that such universal access to the wand's printed treasures is mission-critical for
today's great public university," said Mary Sue Coleman, President of the University of Michigan.
For publishers and authors, this expansion of the Google Print program will increase the visibility of in and
out of print books, and generate book sales via "Buy this Book" links and advertising. For users, Google's
library program will make it possible to search across library collections including out of print books and titles
that weren't previously available anywhere but on a library shelf.
Users searching with Google will see links in their search results page when there are books relevant to their
query. Clicking on a title delivers a Google Print page where users can browse the full text of public domain
works and brief excerpts and/or bibliographic data of copyrighted material. Library content will be displayed
in keeping with copyright law. For more information and examples, please visit
print.qoogle.comfgoogleprintfiibrary.html.
About Google Inc.
Google's innovative search technologies connect millions af people around the wand with information every
day. Founded in 1998 by Stanford Ph.D. students Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google today is a top web
property in all major global markets. Google's targeted advertising program, which is the largest and fastest
growing in the industry, provides businesses of all sizes with measurable results, while enhancing the overall
web experience for users. Google is headquartered in Silicon Valley with offices throughout North America,
Europe, and Asia. For more information. visit vl'NW.google.com.
http://www.google.comlpresslpressrel/print_library.html
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Page 3 of3
Media Contact:
Nathan Tyler
Google Inc.
+1 650-623-4311
nate@google.com
###
Google is a trademark of Goog/e Inc. All other company and product names may be trademarks of the
respective companies with which they are assoc'-ated.
• Corporate information
• News
• Company
• Jobs
• Investor relations
• Contact us
• © Go091e
• Privacy Center
• Terms of Service
http://www.google.comJpress/pressrel/print_librory.html
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EXHIBIT 13
A-560
Form 10-K
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Page 1 of 97
Filed 08/03/12 Page 126 of 158
10-K 1 d260164d10k.htm FORM 10-K
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
_ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
Commission file number: 000-50726
Google Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
77-0493581
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(650) 253-0000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Global Select Market)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Options to purchase Class A Common Stock
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act. Yes _ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of
the Act. Yes
No _
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days. Yes _ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website,
if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to submit and post such files). Yes _ No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of
this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment
to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”
and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312512025336/d260164d10k.htm
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Page 2 of 97
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Large accelerated filer _ Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act). Yes
No _
At June 30, 2011, the aggregate market value of shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based upon the
closing sale price of such shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 30, 2011) was $114,824,568,582.
At January 19, 2012, there were 257,960,636 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding and
67,175,694 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated
herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy
statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year
ended December 31, 2011.
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
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Table of Contents
Privacy concerns relating to our technology could damage our reputation and deter current and potential users
from using our products and services.
From time to time, concerns have been expressed about whether our products and services compromise the
privacy of users and others. Concerns about our practices with regard to the collection, use, disclosure, or security
of personal information or other privacy related matters, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and
operating results. While we strive to comply with all applicable data protection laws and regulations, as well as our
own posted privacy policies, any failure or perceived failure to comply may result, and has resulted, in proceedings
or actions against us by government entities or others, or could cause us to lose users and customers, which could
potentially have an adverse effect on our business.
In addition, as nearly all of our products and services are web-based, the amount of data we store for our
users on our servers (including personal information) has been increasing. Any systems failure or compromise of
our security that results in the release of our users’ data could seriously limit the adoption of our products and
services, as well as harm our reputation and brand and, therefore, our business. We expect to continue to expend
significant resources to protect against security breaches. The risk that these types of events could seriously harm
our business is likely to increase as we expand the number of web-based products and services we offer, and
operate in more countries.
Regulatory authorities around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals
concerning data protection. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws in
the U.S., Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted
and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, this
could result in an order requiring that we change our data practices, which could have an adverse effect on our
business and results of operations. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or
require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.
If our security measures are breached, or if our services are subject to attacks that degrade or deny the ability of
users to access our products and services, our products and services may be perceived as not being secure, users
and customers may curtail or stop using our products and services, and we may incur significant legal and financial
exposure.
Our products and services involve the storage and transmission of users’ and customers’ proprietary
information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation, and potential
liability. Our security measures may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, employee error,
malfeasance, or otherwise, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to our data or our users’ or
customers’ data. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, users, or customers to
disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or our users’ or customers’ data. Any such breach
or unauthorized access could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, and a
loss of confidence in the security of our products and services that could potentially have an adverse effect on our
business. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage
systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to
anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of
our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we
could lose users and customers.
Web spam and content farms could decrease our search quality, which could damage our reputation and deter
our current and potential users from using our products and services.
“Web spam” refers to websites that attempt to violate a search engine’s quality guidelines or that otherwise
seek to rank higher in search results than a search engine’s assessment of their relevance and utility would rank
them. Although English-language web spam in our search results has been significantly reduced, and web spam in
15
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Page 61 of 97
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Table of Contents
Google Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1.
Google Inc. and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
We were incorporated in California in September 1998. We were re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in
August 2003. We generate revenues primarily by delivering relevant, cost-effective online advertising.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Google Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed
in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the accounts receivable and sales
allowances, fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and
property and equipment, fair values of stock-based awards, income taxes, and contingent liabilities, among others.
We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be
reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and
liabilities.
Revenue Recognition
The following table presents our revenues by revenue source (in millions):
2009
Advertising revenues:
Google websites
Google Network Members’ websites
Total advertising revenues
Other revenues
Revenues
Year Ended December 31,
2010
2011
$15,723
7,166
22,889
762
$23,651
$19,444
8,792
28,236
1,085
$29,321
$26,145
10,386
36,531
1,374
$37,905
Google AdWords is our auction-based advertising program that enables advertisers to place text-based and
display ads on our websites and our Google Network Members’ websites. Display advertising comprises the
videos, text, images, and other interactive ads that run across the web on computers and mobile devices, including
smart phones and handheld computers such as netbooks and tablets. Most of our AdWords customers pay us on a
cost-per-click basis, which means that an advertiser pays us only when a user clicks on one of its ads. We also
offer AdWords on a cost-per-impression basis that enables advertisers to pay us based on the number of times
their ads appear on our websites and our Google Network Members’ websites as specified by the advertisers.
Google AdSense refers to the online programs through which we distribute our advertisers’ AdWords ads for
display on our Google Network Members’ websites, as well as programs to deliver ads on television broadcasts.
56
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EXHIBIT 14
A-565
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-1
Filed 08/03/12 Page 131 of 158
12/12/11
11 of 110
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM1o-K
(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PlJRSUANTTO SECTlON 13 OR lS(d) OF TlIE SECURInES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
~
For the fI:>Cill )'eilr ended December 31, 2010
o
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT rOSECTION 13 OR lS(d) OFIHE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OFl934
Commission file number: 000-50726
Google Inc.lis charter)
01
II
(En~t name
reils!r~n\
sper:l~ed In
DclaWilfC
77-0499Sal
(SIlIl. or ~U\eI' Jurlcdlcllon of
Incorpor,ll:lo, or •• pnlzatbn)
(lAS. 'EmpIcy=.
IdcnUllc:llonNo.)
1600 Amphltflnlto PlII'itway
Moul'llain VIew, CA 94043
(Addre:.s of pt1ndpill uKUIN. ott:ces) (Zip Code)
(650) 253-0000
(Regl5\ralll's lel~pbone number, Includln£ 8reEl code)
Securities registered purzuanl to SeGtlon 12(b} 01 the Act
Tltlt oleach elau
Name ,,'coch cKcnanso 011 ""'len roglsterod
Nasdaq Stock f.luk.t LLC
(Nasd;q Glob..! SllIeet M.;rkllt)
Class II. Common Stock, 50.001 par value
Setlfitie:; r~gisler~ pI.I;want to Seclian 12(g)IJIIheA~t.
TIll. 01 eMil c1aa5
ems 8 CommonSto177,75,
At ./a1uary 3\ 2011. Ihcre wtrC 250,869,074 shar"eslJI tho rtgistran"s Class A cumrr.(ln~tD~k wt~ t and lng 8Il:l70.653.031 5hilfe5 01
P-.e l eRislra."lt's CeSS B Wlnr IIUII stl,l\:k :RI\l,lalJllin~
DOCUMENTS INCORPORA.TEO BY REFERENCE
Portions of tre rC2~!ranr$ ?fowy Statemen t lor the 2011 Ann u!lNee1~Clt Sl odhotdeffiare U1CD'potaled her!!1n hyfl!lerence in P~rt II;
DtltiS Am.ml Reporl on Form '.0-1< !o the ex/en! stated heren. Sr..-cn pi'OIIV st.Jternent wi! be li ed wilh IMe Se eurit"es and ExchanSe
C~lss.i!l n within 1
20 days of the.regi;tr~nrs IiSC21~ear end!!d Decembe r 31, 2010.
A-566
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PART I
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
OVerview
Google is a glabel technolagy leader fccused on improving the ways people ccnnect with information. We
aspire to build products that im~rovCllhCllives of billions or people globally. Our mission is to organi2c the world's
informaticrl and make it universally accessible and useful. Our innovations in web search and advertising have
made Ollr website a top internet property and clir brand one or the most rer.ogni7et: in the world.
We !jenerate revenue primarily by delive:ing relevant, cost-effeclive online advertising. Businesses use our
AdWorcs program to promole their products encl service~ with tergeted edverli~ing. In addition, U-e third parties
that comprise the Goo~le NetwOIk use QUr AdSense program to delive: relevant iOds thal generals revsrlUe (jne!
enhance the user e:':;'Ierience.
We were incorporated in California in September 199B and reincorporated In Delaware in August 2003. Our
headquarters are locllted at 1600 AmphHheatre Parkway. Mounlllin View, Califo"nia 94043, and our telephone
number Is (650) 253-0000. We completed our Initial publ.e offerlni! In AUEust 2004 and our Class A common
stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol'GOOO:
Corporate Highlights
Efh::ctive April 4, 2011, Larry Page. 0lX Co-FQUnder and President. Products. willlJecorne our Chief EKecuUve
mficer, Eric E, Schmidt. our current Chief Executive Officer, wHI ccntinue as the chairman of cur board of directors
and will serve as our Executive Chairman, and Sergey Brln, our Cc-Founder and President, TechnoloQY, will
continue !Os Co-Founder.
In 2010. we contlnu~ to reap the rewards 01 the ~rowLh of the digital economy. The shift of consumers and
advertisers from offline 10 online continued unabated, which fueled good growtll in our core business of search
advertising. We continued to invest heavily, and rapidly innovate in our searoh technologies to expand the
comprehensiveness of QUr index, the relevance of our results. and Ihe speed with which we delive~ se(lrch results.
Some recent notable enhancements to search Include G:lDi!:le Instant. Instanl Previews, and Place Search. We
believe that sea'ch Villi only become more intelligen:, personal. and interactive, delivering t:'1e information most
rele'Jant to users, in thei' I<:r.guogc, and rdevont to their locotian ond interests.
In addition, il the past year ws have Else invested aggressively in our newer businesses-namely display,
mobile. and enter[lriSF.-tn Ifly thp. gcmrnriwmk for futllfe grnwth_ We hflve also mooe stmtegic tnvP.!':tment~ in
critical p'oduct areas, like Android. Chrome, and Chrome OS-followi.'1g our core phiosophy of buHding open
pletforms with optionBiity. end creeting infrllstruclure that allows everyone on the web to succeed. We elso belie.. e
that an active acquisition proEram is an impa-tant element of our business strategy. During 2010, we invested $1.8
billion to acquire companies, products, servicr:!S, and technoloeies_
Our business is primarily fooused aro~nd lhe following key areas: search, advertising. operating systems and
pletforms, and en~erprise.
Search
We maintain a vast index of websiles alld olher online content, and make i: available thrOligh our search
engine to anyone with lin internet connection. Our seerch technologies sort through an e~er-gro\'\'ing amount of
infofllrl:ltkm tu dlJt:vlJr relevant and useful search results in respunse to user queries, Vie integrate i1.1OVati~e
featlIes into our search service and offer spedalized search services to help users tailer their se8rch. In addition,
we are const~ntly improving and adding to our products and services, to prov:de users with more relevant results
so thai user:: lind what they are bokirg for faster.
A-567
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G0081e Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, eKl::ept per share amounts)
Vear Ended Decemb@r31,
2009
2010
Revenues •.....••••....••...•...••••. , ......••. , ....•.••••.....••••...••• 821,796
Costs and expenses;
Cost of revp.nues (tm:rLJding stock-bassd compsnsati:m expense of 541, 547.
8,622
$67) .........
Research and development (including stock' based compensation expense
2,793
at $732, $725, $861) .............................................. .
Sales and marketing (tncluding slock-besed compensation expB'lse of
1,~46
$206, S231, 5261) ...........................
. ............ .
General end odminislmii ... c (including stock-based compensa:ion e~pense
1,803
of $141,5161, 5187) ........................................... .
$23,65:
$29,321
8,B44
lO,4H
2.843
3,762
1,984
2,799
1,Ge8
1,962
Totel ccsts end expenses ...................................... .
15,164
15,339
18,940
Income trom opemtials ....................................... .
impaIrment of equity invp.strnents
Interest ar,d other income, net ••.. , , ••••••.. , , ..••................•.........
6,632
(1,095)
316
8,312
0
69
10,381
0
Income before income taxes ••••. , , ...••••• , , ...••... , , ....... , ..•....•....
Provision for income lexes ..••••. , , .................. ,
5,853
1,626
8,381
1,861
10,796
2,291
2008
Net income ..
S 4,227
Net income per sI".are of Class A and Class B common stock:
Bas'c •.. , •..•.....
. ....... .
tJi1'Jted. , , .••••......•.......... , .. , •...........
415
$ 6,520 $ 8,605
--- --- ---
S
--- --S
13.'16
;:; 20.62
13.31
S 20.41
S 26.69
$ 26.81
~
See llccQ,llpanying notes.
50
A-568
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EXHIBIT 15
FILED UNDER SEAL
A-569
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EXHIBIT 16
FILED UNDER SEAL
A-570
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EXHIBIT 17
A-571
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Filed 08/03/12 Page 137 of 158
Goou 1e B o ul~s (Bela) - Terms and Cor:dlnons
11/1 7 /11
Contact Us I Help
books partrier prograr-n
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Google Books Partner Program Standard
Terms and Conditions
PLEASE READ VERY CAREFULLY THESE TERMS AND
CONDITIONS AND THE FAQ BEFORE REGISTERING FOR
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AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THESE TERMS
AND CONDITIONS, PLEASE DO NOT REGISTER FOR THE
GOOGLE BOOKS PARTNER PROGRAM.
Introduction.By accepting the Standard Terms and Conditions of
this Content Hosting Services Agreement (the "Agreemenr'), You
are requesting to participate in the Google Books Partner Program
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provides scanning , storage and hosfing services at the di rection of
content providers that seek to make their content available to end
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identified in an enro llment form submitted by the same Dr affiliated
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718
GOOG05000445
A-578
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G,::!OO lc BcXll(s (Bela) . Term s E:nd Condilions
11t17!11
the event th at Ads are not being displ ayed properly to end
users of the Content Excerpt Pages.
17. Miscellaneous. This Agroement shall be govemed by the
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GOOG05000446
A-579
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EXHIBIT 18
FILED UNDER SEAL
A-580
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EXHIBIT 19
A-581
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
hltp:lIsupport.google.com'bookslbinlanswer.py?ld=en&answer=43729
?.'hy can" I rend the entire book'! - Books Help
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whole book. S ame partners offer the entire book In a dig ital edition through Google eBooks, in whic h cese you can
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For books that enter Google Books throug h the Library Project. what you see depends on the book's copyright status.
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A-582
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EXHIBIT 20
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12/12/11
24 of 110
Commiltt::t:: on In:;titutional Coopt::ration (CIC) Joins Google's Library Project- New~ from Google
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Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Joins Google's
Library Project
Announcement
June 6, 2007
The number of libraries participating in the Google Book Search Library Project just got a whole lot bigger
with today's addition of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (GIG). The CIC is a national consortium of
12 research universities, including University of Chicago, University of Illinois, Indiana University, University
of Iowa, University of Michigan, Michigan Slate University, University of Minnesoia, Northwestern University,
Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Purdue University and the University of VVisconsinMadison. Google will work with the ele to digitize select collections across all its libraries, up to 10 million
volumes.
http://www.google.comlintl/en/pressfannc/books_cic.html
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Committee on Instirutional Cooperation (ClC) Joins Google's Library Project-News from Google
Page 2 of3
Readers will have access to many distinctive and unique collections held by the consortium. Users will be
able to explore collections that are global in scope, like Northwestern's Africana collection or dive deep into
the universities' unique Midwest heritage, including the University of Minnesota's Scandinavian and forestry
collections, Michigan State's extensive holding in agriculture, Indiana University's folklore collection, and the
history and culture of Chicago collection at the University of Illinois-Chicago.
Google will provide the CIC with a digital copy of the public domain materials digitized for this project. With
these files, the consortium will create a first-of-its-kind shared digital repository of these works held across
the C1C libraries. Both readers and libraries will benefit from this group effort
• The shared repository of public domain books will give faculty and students convenient access to a
large and diverse online library before housed in separate locations,
• This new collaboration will enable librarians to collectively archive materials over time, and allow
researchers to access a vast array of material with searches customized for scholarly activity.
For books in the public domain, readers will be able to view, browse, and read the full texts online. For books
protected by copyright. users will get basic background (such as the book's title and the author's name). at
most a few lines of text related to their search, and information about where they can buy or borrow a book.
"This library digitization agreement is one of the largest cooperative actions of its kind in higher education,"
said CIC chairman Lawrence Dumas, provost of Northwestern University. "We have a collective ambition to
share resources and work together to preserve the world's printed treasures."
Two C1C member universities are already working with Google Book Search, the University of Michigan and
the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and this new agreement will complement the digitization work already
taking place.
The C1C becomes the latest partner in the Google Books Library Project, which in addition to the University
of Michigan and University of Wisconsin-Madison, also includes Harvard University, Stanford University,
Oxford University, the New York Public Library, Stanford University, University of California. University of
Texas at Austin, University of Virginia, Princeton Library. the Complutense University of Madrid, the Bavarian
State Library, t1ie Library of Catalonia, the University Library of Lausanne and Ghent University Library,
Google is also conducting a pilot project with the Library of Congress.
The Google Books library Project digitizes books from major libraries around the world and makes t1ieir
collections searchable on Google Book Search. More information can be found at: books.google.com.
http://www.googlc.comlintUcnlprcsslannclbooks_cic.html
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Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Joins Google's Ubrat}' Project- News from Google
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121812011
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Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Filed 08/03/12 Page 152 of 158
EXHIBIT 21
A-587
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 153of 4158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1004 Filed 02/08/12 Page 1 of
DURIE TANGRI LLP
DARALYN J. DURIE (Pro Hac Vice)
ddurie@durietangri.com
JOSEPH C. GRATZ (Pro Hac Vice)
jgratz@durietangri.com
217 Leidesdorff Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
Telephone: 415-362-6666
Facsimile:
415-236-6300
Attorneys for Defendant
Google Inc.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
THE AUTHORS GUILD, INC., Associational
Plaintiff, BETTY MILES, JOSEPH
GOULDEN, and JIM BOUTON, on behalf of
themselves and all other similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,
Civil Action No. 05 CV 8136 (DC)
ECF Case
v.
GOOGLE INC.,
Defendant.
DECLARATION OF DANIEL CLANCY
IN SUPPORT OF GOOGLE INC.’S OPPOSITION TO
PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION
A-588
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 154of 4158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1004 Filed 02/08/12 Page 2 of
I, Daniel Clancy, declare as follows:
1.
I am a Engineering Director at Google Inc. I make the following declaration
based on my personal knowledge and, if called upon to do so, could testify competently to the
matters set forth herein.
2.
The Google Books program began in 2004 with the scanning of book collections
belonging to the University of Michigan, Harvard, Stanford, Oxford, and the New York Public
Library. As part of Google Books, Google scans books in certain library collections, indexes
them, and returns information about those books, including short “snippets” of text—about an
eighth of a page—so that users can search for and find books they may wish to purchase or check
out from a library.
3.
On each page that shows snippets, Google provides links to buy the book on
various online bookstores, such as Amazon.com, and to find it in a nearby library. There are no
advertisements on these pages, and Google does not receive payments from the bookstores in
connection with the “buy the book” links.
4.
Google has scanned more than twenty million books as part of Google Books.
Users of Google Books can see search results that include snippets of text in English for more
than four million of these books.
5.
Almost every conceivable type of book is included within Google Books, from
novels to telephone directories to historical works to children’s picture books. Google’s service
enables these books to be found in a way that would otherwise be impossible. Users may
thereafter buy the book in a bookstore or locate it in a nearby library.
6.
Google also has a Partner Program, pursuant to which publishers provide Google
with authorization to display larger excerpts of works. Through the Partner Program, Google
2
A-589
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 155of 4158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1004 Filed 02/08/12 Page 3 of
displays full pages from books in response to users’ search queries. More than 45,000 publishers
have chosen to participate in the Partner Program in order to make their works easier to find and
purchase, and over 2.5 million books are included within the Partner Program.
7.
Google has a policy of removing books from snippet view; upon request from an
author or other rightsholder, Google will remove books from snippet view, and provides a simple
web form for making such a request. If a book is not yet in snippet view, the form can be used to
request that Google not scan the book, and Google has a policy of accommodating these
requests. None of the plaintiffs named in this action has made such a request to remove his or
her book from snippet view, nor has any submitted a request that their books not be scanned.
8.
For books in “snippet view,” Google only displays snippets, and displays only up
to three snippets in response to a given search query, even if the search term appears on dozens
of pages in the book. The snippets are intended to provide enough context to determine whether
the book contains information of interest to the searcher, but not to act as a replacement for the
book itself.
9.
Google does not display snippets of dictionaries and similar reference works.
10.
Google puts numerous safeguards in place to ensure that users cannot, even in the
aggregate, view a full page of a snippet-view book, or even several contiguous snippets—for
example, by making the placement of snippets in a page fixed, by displaying only one snippet
per page in response to a given search, and by “blacklisting” one snippet per page and one out of
ten pages in a book.
3
A-590
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1 Filed 08/03/12 Page 156of 4158
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1004 Filed 02/08/12 Page 4 of
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the
foregoing is true and correct. Executed on February '1 ,20 12, III
iAllLLVJ o:C"-
V; ~I CA.
2~ 50 C9 )
C<~'Y
Drurid
4
A-591
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Filed 08/03/12 Page 157 of 158
EXHIBIT 22
A-592
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-1
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 991-1
Dolhe libraries f;!::l l copy ofk book? - Boob Htlp
Filed 08/03/12 Page 158 of 158
12/12/11
30 of 110
httpJrsllppClfL\:OOck-com'booksl'birt"ans..... cr.py?h1==en&answer-437jl
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Do the libraries g~~.wJ>~grJhe book?
Yes. Each Ybrary \,\;1 receive a digital copy of every book we scan at from their respective eolleclions. Each library will
trellt tI1elt copie& in accordance Mih copyrighllaw.
wa s this Information helpful?
°YesONo
o
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BookS· CCltttadng Us • Helpvdh other Googta products - Chaogel:ngU3go: English (US)
(12011 Google • Google Home - Privacy Policy - Terms (If SeNice
I (If I
121&12011 11:44 AM
A-593
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-2
Filed 08/03/12 Page 1 of 51
EXHIBIT 23
PART 1
(LIBRARY AGREEMENTS WITH THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE UNITED STATES LIBRARY OF
CONGRESS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, PRINCETON
UNIVERSITY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, CORNELL
UNIVERSITY, AND HARVARD UNIVERSITY HAVE BEEN
FILED UNDER SEAL)
A-594
Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1053-2
Filed 08/03/12 Page 2 of 51
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT
This COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT (the "Agreemenf') is entered into by and between Google Inc., a
Delaware corporation with offices at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043
("Google"), and the Regents of the University of Michigan/University Library, Ann Arbor Campus, with its
prinCipal offices at 818 Hatcher South, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1205 ("U of M"), and is effective on the date
of the execution of this Agreement (the "Effective Date"). Google and U of M herein are sometimes
referred to hereinafter individually as a "Party" and collectively as the "Parties".
1.
U of M is a leading academic institution and has amassed an enormous collection of works in various
media.
2.
Google is a leader in providing the public with access to billions of web pages through a search
engine that processes requests in less than half a second, and responds to more than 150 million
search queries per day.
3.
Google and the U of M share a mutual interest in making information available to the public. The
Parties believe that working collaboratively will create mutually beneficial knowledge about standards
and automated methods for organizing and indexing digitized works and to refine standard
requirements for repositories of digital content.
4.
Accordingly, the Parties desire to enter a nonexclusive agreement whereby Google will digitize works
from the U of M collection to include them in Google's search services, and to make them available to
the University of Michigan for preservation, archival or other purposes of its choosing (e.g., inclusion
in Michigan's search services).
1.
DEFINITIONS. Capitalized terms will have the meanings set forth below unless defined
elsewhere in the Agreement.
1.1 "Available Content" means the U of M print book and journal Collection, but excludes Special
Collections materials. Available Content also includes U of M Digital Content in an amount corresponding
to the amount of digital content that Google provides to U of M via the U of M Digital Copy.
1.2 "Brand Features" means trade names, trademarks, service marks, logos, and other distinctive
brand features, of which Google's Brand Features include but are not limited to Google, the Google logo,
other marks that incorporate the word "GOOGLE," PAGERANK, and of which U of M's brand features
include but are not limited to the University of Michigan name, University of Michigan identification marks,
and the University Library name and logo.
1.3 "Digitize" means to convert content from a tangible, analog form into a digital representation
of that content.
1.4 "Distribution Price" means an amount equal to or greater than a per-page amount multiplied
by the number of Digitized pages involved. The per-page amount shall be equal to the amount charged
by Google for distributing to the general public the same Digitized pages ("Google Amounf'). If there
exists no Google Amount for the same Digitized pages, the per-page amount shall be the amount
charged by Google for distributing to the general public similar pages digitized pursuant to the same
Project Plan ("Similar Google Amounf'). To the extent no Google Amount or Similar Google Amount
exists, the per-page amount shall be an amount mutually agreed upon in good faith by Google and
U afM.
1.5 "End User" means a person or entity that uses the Services.
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1.6 "Enterprise Search Services" means the Search Services provided by Google to companies
for use by employees of those companies and others.
1.7 "Google Digital CopV' means a digital copy retained by Google of the Available Content that
is Digitized by Google.
1.8 "Google Search Services" means the Search Services provided by Google directly through
the web sites located at www.google.com and corresponding international and other domains (e.g.,
www.google.de, www.google.info, etc).
1.9 "U of M Collection". means materials identified in section 1.2 above.
1.10
"U of M Digital Copy" means a digital copy transferred by Google to U of M of the
Available Content that is Digitized by Google.
1.11
"Partner Search Services" means the Search Services provided by Google to an End
User via a partner site that has entered into an agreement with Google to provide some or all of the
Search Services through its own website.
1.12
"Pilot Project" means the onsite work at the University of Michigan, beginning from the
Effective Date of this contract and ending on April 15, 2005.
1.13
"Project" means a project for Digitizing certain Selected Content.
1.14
"Initial Term" means the first six years of the Project, including the Pilot Project period.
1.15
"Project Form" means a form, pursuant to this Agreement, that contains the details of a
Project Plan, similar to the sample attached as Exhibit A.
1.16
"Project Plan" means a plan for implementing a Project. The Project Plan shall include
the following: (1) instructions by U of M regarding how the Selected Content is to be collected and
returned by Google; (2) if required, the amount of time available to U of M for performing conservation
efforts; (3) the amount of time available to Google from receipt of the Selected Content until it is due to be
returned to U of M; and (4) a budget for the Project.
1.17
"Requested Portion" means a portion of the U of M Digital Copy requested by a third
party.
1 .18
"Search Services" means the search services provided by Google to an End User
pursuant to which the End User can view, inter alia, content conSisting of or derived from the Google
Digital Copy (subject to the restrictions set forth in this Agreement) in response to search or browsing
requests.
1.1 9
"Selected Content" means the portion of the Available Content that Google desires to
Digitize or incorporate into the Services, both collectively and its component parts, including any and all
other works of authorship included therein.
1.20
"Services" means collectively the Google Search Services, the Partner Search Services,
and the Enterprise Search Services.
1.21
"U of M Digital Content" means content that U of M already has in its possession in
Digitized form, as of the Effective Date.
1.22
'Website," 'World Wide Web," "the Internet," and other technical terms in this Agreement
and project plans refers to the current common usage of such terms and successor facilities of equal or
greater capability.
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RESPONSIBILITIES
2.1 Identifying Content to be Digitized. The parties shall cooperate to identify Available
Content to be Digitized. Upon agreeing to such Selected Content, the Parties shall cooperate in good
faith and with diligence to develop a timetable for completing the Project Plan for the Selected Content.
The Parties shall then memorialize the Project Plan in a Project Form.
2.2 Collecting the Selected Content. Upon commencement of a Project, U of M shall be
responsible for performing any conservation efforts that U of M determines are required for the associated
Selected Content. On a rolling basis, as this conservation effort is completed, U of M shall provide the
conserved Selected Content to Google for Digitizing. If agreed upon by the parties in a particular Project
Plan, this collection function may instead be assigned to Google.
2.3 Locating the Digitization Operation. For each Project, U of M shall attempt in good faith to
provide Google with adequate physical space to Digitize the Selected Content. If U of M is unable to
provide such space, U of M shall cooperate with Google to identify and obtain space that Google can use
at reasonable rates. The location of any such physical spaces shall be mutually agreed upon by the
parties.
2.3.1
Transporting and Storing the Selected Content. On a Project-specific and
material-specific basis, U of M may authorize Google to remove some or all of the Selected Content from
U of M premises to perform digitization in facilities controlled by Google. All risk of loss, damage, or
destruction of the materials will lie with Google from the time Google accepts possession of the materials
until such time as they are returned to U of M on U of M premises. Google will carry reasonably sufficient
insurance against the risk of loss, damage or destruction of materials entrusted to Google's custody. In
general, for all materials, Google will provide a transport method and temporary storage area that is
reasonaoly clean, dry, cool, free from insects and other pests, protected from fire, and secure against
theft and vandalism. Because the value of the materials and the environmental conditions necessary for
transporting them and maintaining them in good condition will vary based on the particular materials
involved, U of M will inform Google of the reqUirements for transport and storage of particular materials on
a Project-specific basis. For insurance purposes, U of M (relying on guidelines from its Risk Management
office) will provide Google with a good faith estimate of the value of any materials approved for removal
from U of M premises, and will provide Google with an itemized list of any such materials.
2.3.2 On-Site (i.e., not transported) Conversion of Selected Content. The terms in
2.3.1 regarding insurance, accessibility to print materials for U of M users, and precautions taken to
ensure protection of the materials shall also apply to materials digitized on-site in the Buhr storage facility.
2.4 Digitizing the Selected Content. Google will be responsible for Digitizing the Selected
Content. Subject to handling constraints or procedures specified in the Project Plan, Google shall at its
sale discretion determine how best to Digitize the Selected Content, so long as the resulting digital files
meet benchmarking guidelines agreed to by Google and U of M, and the U of M Digital Copy can be
provided to U of M in a format agreed to by Google and U of M. U of M will engage in ongoing review
(through sampling) of the resulting digital files, and shall inform Google of files that do not meet
benchmarking guidelines or do not comply with the agreed-upon format. Should U of M encounter a
perSistent failure by Google to meet these guidelines or supply the agreed-upon format, U of M may stop
new work until this failure can be rectified. Any restrictions on Google's discretion shall be specified on a
project-by-project basis via the corresponding Project Form(s) or by amendment to this Agreement.
2.5 U of M Digital Copy. Google agrees to provide to U of M a copy of all Digitized Selected
Content thai has been "Successfully Processed" within thirty (3~) days after the Selected Content is
Digitized, or in a timeframe mutually agreed by the Parties. Digitized Selected Content is "Successfully
Processed" when Google determines it has satisfactorily gone through all stages of Google's digitization,
post processing and quality assurance procedures (not to exceed thirty days for material received by
Google, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties). Within thirty (30) days after the Selected Content is
Digitized, or in a timeframe mutually agreed by the Parties, Google shall provide the U of M Digital Copy
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to the U of M. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties in writing, the U of M Digital Copy will consist of a
set of image and OCR files and associated information indicating at a minimum (1) bibliographic
information consisting of the title and author of each Digitized work, (2) which image files correspond to
that Digitized work, and (3) the logical order of those image files. Google shall provide the U of M Digital
Copy via a network connection, or in any other manner mutually agreed upon by the Parties.
2.5.1 Google may delay transferring Digitized Selected Content to U of M if it decides not
to use that content due to a dispute with a third-party. In this case, Google must inform U of M, in writing,
of the details of the dispute and the specific content to be delayed. Google may delay transfer of this
content until such time as Google makes any use (including indexing) of that Digitized content (or the
same content acquired from another source, if that Digitized content is in the public domain or out-ofprint) beyond storage in a dark archive.
2.5.2 Within 3 years of the time Google has transferred Digitized Selected Content to U of
M, if Google decides not to use that content due to a dispute with a third-party, U of M will destroy that
content (so long as it is in print and protected by copyright) from the U of M Digital Copy. In this case,
Google must inform U of M in writing of the details of the dispute and the specific content to be destroyed.
If, at any time, Google subsequently makes any use (including indexing) of that Digitized content (or the
same content acquired from another source, if that Digitized content is in the public domain or out-ofprint) beyond storage in a dark archive, Google will retransfer that Digitized Content to U of M.
2.6 Returning the Selected Content. Once completed with the Digitizing process, Google will
be responsible for returning the Selected Content to the source from which Google obtained it and in the
like manner in which it was collected, within three (3) weeks unless otherwise specified in the Project
Form or otherwise agreed upon by the parties. If Google reasonably determines that it will require longer
to Digitize some or all of the Selected Content than the time frame set forth in the Project Form, the
Parties will discuss in good faith whether a time extension is feasible. If the Parties agree upon an
extension, they shall record such agreement as an amendment to the Project Form. If the Parties can not
agree upon an extension, Google shall return the Selected Content within the time frames set forth in the
Project Form.
2.7 Responsibility for damage to the Selected Content. While certain Selected Content is
within Google's possession, Google shall make commercially reasonable efforts to minimize damage to
the Selected Content, including handling the Selected Content in accordance with handling instructions
set forth in the Project Form, if any. If Google, due to its negligence, damages certain Selected Content,
Google shall, at its own cost, have the damaged Selected Content restored to the condition in which
Google received it. Restoration of all materials must be performed by or under the management of
U of M Conservation Services.
3.
COSTS
3.1 Costs borne by U of M. U of M shall bear the following costs: U of M employees (other
than staff scanning operators and staff employed to pull and return materials to the shelves, including
reshelving) whose partiCipation is contemplated by this Agreement (including all cost of U of M employees
required to provide Selected Content to Google as well as project management costs incurred by U of M),
network bandwidth and data storage required by U of M to receive some or all of the U of M Digital Copy
or existing bandwidth available for use by Google to transfer Digitized files from U of M facilities to
Google's data centers and U of M space that may be available to Google.
3.2 Costs borne by Google. Google shall bear the following costs: Google employees or
agents whose participation is contemplated by this Agreement (including all cost of Google employees
required between receipt/collection of the Selected Content from U of M and retum of the Selected
Content to U of M), hardware and software required to Digitize the Selected Content, space required to
Digitize the Selected Content (to the extent not provided by U of M), transportation of Selected Content
from the U of M facility in which the Selected Content is normally kept (if required), and resolving
copyright issues associated with Google's use of the Google Digital Copy.
3.3 Budgets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, U of M and Google may jointly develop a budget
for each Project Plan, pursuant to which the parties can allocate the cost of researching and identifying
the Selected Content, conducting conservation assessments, performing conservation work, and
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performing any required copyright research and clearances. Any such budget shall take precedence over
the general obligations set forth above in sections 3.1 and 3.2.
4.
OWNERSHIP AND USE OF DIGITAL COPIES AND SERVICES
4.1 Copyright Law. Both Google and U of M agree and intend to perform this Agreement
pursuant to copyright law. If at any time, either party becomes aware of copyright infringement under this
agreement, that party shall inform the other as quickly as reasonably possible.
4.2 Copyright Status. As Selected Content is provided by U of M to Google for Digitizing,
U of M shall to the best of its knowledge notify Google which portions of the Selected Content are in the
pul:>lic domain and which portions may be subject to copyright. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Google
shall be responsible for ensuring that Google's digitization and its use of the Google Digital Copy is
authorized by the relevant copyright holders or by law. If either party reasonably determines that a
portion of the Selected Content that was previously thought to be in the public domain is actually subject
to copyright, that party shall promptly notify the other party in a writing that particularly identifies the
portion(s) and provides an explanation for why the portion(s) are believed to be subject to copyright.
4.3 Searching Free to the Public: Google agrees that to the extent that it or its successors
make Digitized Available Content searchable via the Internet, it shall provide an interface for both
searching and a display of search results that shall have no direct cost to end users. Violations of this
subsection, 4.3, not cured within thirty days of notification by U of M shall terminate U of M's obligations
under section 4.4.
4.4 Ownership and use of U of M Digital Copy. Neither U of M nor Google shall have any
ownership or license rights to the Available Content that is Digitized (i.e., to the materials underlying the
digitization process), except where UM already has such rights. As between Google and U of M and
subject to the provisions in this section 4, U of M shall own all rights, title, and interest to the U of M Digital
Copy.
4.4.1
Use of U of M Digital Copy on U of M Website. U of M shall have the right to use
the U of M Digital Copy, in whole or in part at U of M's sole discretion, as part of services offered on
U of M's website. U of M shall implement technological measures (e.g., through use of the robots.txt
protocol) to restrict automated access to any portion of the U of M Digital Copy or the portions of the
U of M website on which any portion of the U of M Digital Copy is availal:>le. U of M shall also make
reasonable efforts (including but not limited to restrictions placed in Terms of Use for the U of M webSite)
to prevent third parties from (a) downloading or otherwise obtaining any portion of the U of M Digital Copy
for commercial purposes, (b) redistributing any portions of the U of M Digital Copy, or (c) automated and
systematic downloading from its website image files from the U of M Digital Copy. U of M shall restrict
access to the U of M Digital Copy to those persons having a need to access such materials and shall also
cooperate in good faith with Google to mutually develop methods and systems for ensuring that the
substantial portions of the U of M Digital Copy are not downloaded from the services offered on U of M's
wel:>site or otherwise disseminated to the public at large.
4.4.2
Use of U of M Digital Copy in Cooperative Web Services. Subject to the
restrictions set forth in this section, U of M shall have the right to use the U of M Digital Copy, in whole or
in part at U of M's sole discretion, as part of services offered in cooperation with partner research libraries
such as the institutions in the Digital Library Federation. Before making any such distribution, U of M
shall enter into a written agreement with the partner research library and shall provide a copy of such
agreement to Google, which agreement shall: (a) contain limitations on the partner research library's use
of the materials that correspond to and are at least as restrictive as the limitations placed on U of M's use
of the U ofM Digital Copy in section 4.4.1; and (b) shall expressly name Google as a third party
beneficiary of that agreement, including the ability for Google to enforce the restrictions against the
partner research library.
4.5 Ownership and use of Google Digital Copy. Neither U of M nor Google shall have any
ownership or license rights to the Available Content that is digitized (I.e., to the materials underlying the
digitization process), except where UM already owns such rights. As between Google and U of M and
subject to the provisions in this section 4. Google shall own all rights, title, and interest to the Google
Digital Copy.
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4.5.1
Google use of Google Digital Copy. Subject to the restrictions set forth in this
section, Google may use the Google Digital Copy, in whole or in part at Google's sole discretion, as part
of the Services. For portions of the Google Digital Copy that correspond to works mutually identified as
being in the public domain or for which Google has obtained permission from the relevant copyright
owner(s), Google may among other things index the full text and serve and display full-sized digital
images corresponding to those portions. For all other portions of the Google Digital Copy, Google may
index the full text but may not serve or display the full-sized digital image unless Google has appropriate
legal authority to do so; Google instead may serve and display (1) an excerpt that Google reasonably
determines would constitute fair use under copyright law and (2) bibliographic (e.g., title, author, date, etc)
and other non-copyrighted information. If U of M discovers that digital images being served and
displayed full-size by Google are subject to copyright restrictions, U of M shall notify Google in writing and
Google shall cease serving and displaying such images full-size. Furthermore, to address situations
where Google believed it had the right to serve full-sized digital images but was incorrect in such belief,
Google shall implement processes (e.g., notice and takedown) that facilitate the ability of copyright
owners to request removal of such digital images from the index.
4.5.2 Security and Privacy Regarding Google's Use of the Google Digital Copy.
Google shall implement technological measures (e.g., through use of the robots.txt protocol) to restrict
automated access to any portion of the Google Digital Copy or the portions of the Google website on
which any portion of the Google Digital Copy is available. In addition, Google shall maintain on its
website a privacy policy that governs collection and use of information that Google obtains from a user of
the Google Search Services.
4.5.3 Distribution of Google Digital Copy. To the extent portions of the Google Digital
Copy are either in the public domain or where Google has otherwise obtained authorization, Google shall
have the right, in its sole discretion, to make copies of such portions of the Google Digital Copy and to
provide, license, or sell such copies to any party, subject to such copies being used consistent with the
copyright-related restrictions set forth in section 4.5.1.
4.6 Ownership and Control of Services. As between the parties, the Services and all content
therein is, and at all times will remain, the exclusive property of Google or its partners; nothing in this
Agreement implies any transfer to U of M of any ownership interest in the Services. U of M acknowledges
and agrees that Google retains control of the Services, and that the design, layout, content, functions and
features of the Services are at Google's discretion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Agreement, Google is not required to make any or all of the Google Digital Copy available through the
Services.
4.7 No other rights. Except as set forth above, nothing in this subsection shall be interpreted as
a grant of right from either party to the other party.
5.
ACCESS. AUTHORIZATION. AND SUPPORT
5.1 Access. On a project-specific basis, Google shall have the right to access Selected Content
during U of M business/staff hours (8:00am to 5:00pm, Monday through Friday) without first being
required to notify U of M. On a project-specific basis, U of M may make reasonable efforts to provide
Google with access to Selected Content outside of U of M business hours provided that Google notify
U of M at least three days in advance of its desire to access such materials.
5.2 Authorization. The U of M program manager responsible for the Selected Content involved
in any Project Plan shall have authority to agree with Google on the time frames and procedures (e.g.,
collection, conservation, handling) associated with that Selected Content. If Google In good faith believes
that the time frames and procedures requested by the U of M program manager are unreasonable,
Google shall escalate the matter to the U of M administrative contact; in which case Google, the U of M
program manager, and the administrative contact shall meet to resolve the issue.
5.3 Support. U of M shall appoint one person to serve as the administrative contact for Google,
should administrative questions or issues arise during the course of this Agreement. This administrative
contact shall be available during business hours at a telephone number and e-mail address to be
provided by U of M. U of M shall also appoint one person to serve as the technical contact for Google, for
obtaining or regulating the use of the U of M Digital Copy. This technical contact shall be available during
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regular U of M business hours (8:30 to 4:30, Monday through Friday) at a telephone number and e-mail
address to be provided by U of M. Upon execution of this contract, both Google and U of M shall identify
these individuals in writing, and the resulting document shall serve as an addendum to this contract.
6.
CONFIDENTIALITY
6.1 Confidential Information. By virtue of this Agreement, each Party may have access to
information of the other Party which is considered confidential and proprietary, including the terms of this
Agreement, Project Plan or Project Form, product plans, customer lists, and proprietary technology or
methods ("Confidential Information"), whether disclosed in tangible or intangible form. Information
disclosed in tangible form will be considered Confidential Information if it is marked as "Confidential" or a
similar designation. Information disclosed in intangible form will be considered Confidential Information if
the disclosing party clearly indicates that it is confidential at the time of disclosure.
6.2 Obligations. Each Party shall exercise at least the same degree of care to avoid the
publication or dissemination of the Confidential Information of the other Party as it affords to its own
confidential information of a similar nature which it desires not to be published or disseminated. The
receiving Party shall not use Confidential Information of the disclosing Party except in the furtherance of
this Agreement or the performance of its obligations hereunder. The obligation of the Parties not to
disclose Confidential Information survives expiration, termination or cancellation of this Agreement.
6.3 Exceptions. Neither Party is obligated to protect Confidential Information of the other Party
that: (i) is rightfully received by the receiving Party from another party without restriction, or (ii) is known to
or developed by the receiving Party independently without use of, or reference to, the Confidential
Information, or (iii) is or becomes generally known to the public by other than a breach of duty hereunder
by the receiving Party, (iv) has been or is hereafter furnished to others by the discloSing Party without
restriction on disclosure, or (v) required to be disclosed by any governmental authority. Google
understands that U of M, as a public institution, is subject to the Michigan Freedom of Information Act,
and any disclosure of Confidential Information required by that statute will not constitute a breach of this
agreement.
7.
MARKETING
7.1 Press Releases or Announcements. Other than as has been mutually agreed upon by the
Parties, neither Party may make any press announcements about the relationship or this Agreement
without the prior written approval of the other Party, which will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
U of M and Google, as practicable, will coordinate regarding the timing of any press release(s) and will
mutually agree upon appropriate talking points.
7.2 License to Marks. Each party will submit all materials of any kind containing the other
party's Brand Features (other than its name in customer lists) to the other party for approval prior to
release to the public. Except as set forth in this section, nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to
grant to one party any right, title or interest in or to the other party's Brand Features. All use by Google of
U of M's Brand Features (including any goodwill associated thereWith) shall inure to the benefit of U of M
and all use by U of M of Google's Brand Features (including any goodwill associated therewith) shall
inure to the benefit of Google. At no time during the Term shall one party challenge or assist others to
challenge the Brand Features of the other party (except to the extent required to protect its own Brand
Features) or the registration thereof by the other party, nor shall either party attempt to register any Brand
Features or domain names that are confusingly similar to those of the other party
8.
TERM AND TERMINATION
8.1 Term This Agreement is effective as of the Effective Date and continues in full force and
effect until April 30, 2009, unless earlier terminated as provided herein at the end of the Pilot Project.
Upon the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall automatically renew for additional one year
terms (each a "Renewal Term") unless either Party notifies the other Party to the contrary at least thirty
(30) days before the end of either the Pilot Project, the Initial Term or a Renewal Term. The "Term" of this
Agreement shall comprise the Initial Term and any Renewal Terms.
8.2 Effect of Expiration or Termination. Within thirty (30) days after expiration or termination of
this Agreement for any reason, each Party shall return to the other Party (or, at that Party's request,
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