Amy Francisco v. Verizon South, Incorporated
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 3:09-cv-00737-DWD Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [998649117].. [10-2432]
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 1 of 9
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-2432
AMY D. FRANCISCO,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
VERIZON SOUTH, INC.,
Defendant - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia at Richmond.
Dennis W. Dohnal, U.S.
Magistrate Judge. (3:09-cv-00737-DWD)
Submitted:
June 23, 2011
Decided:
August 8, 2011
Before GREGORY, DUNCAN, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Jay J. Levit, LAW OFFICE OF JAY J. LEVIT, Glen Allen, Virginia,
Tim Schulte, SHELLEY & SCHULTE, PC, Richmond, Virginia, for
Appellant. Raymond A. Cardozo, REED SMITH, LLP, San Francisco,
California, Helenanne Connolly, REED SMITH, LLP, Falls Church
Virginia, Betty S. W. Graumlich, REED SMITH, LLP, Richmond,
Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 2 of 9
PER CURIAM:
Amy
D.
Francisco
appeals
from
the
district
court’s
grant of summary judgment in favor of Verizon South, Inc.
The
district court held that Francisco had failed to establish a
prima facie case of retaliation to support her claim under Title
VII.
We affirm.
I.
When reviewing a grant of summary judgment, as here,
we
construe
the
nonmoving party.
F.3d
253,
258
facts
in
the
light
most
favorable
to
the
Laughlin v. Metro. Wash. Airports Auth., 149
(4th
Cir.
1998).
Francisco,
who
is
African
American, worked for Verizon and its predecessor from 1988 until
her termination on March 6, 2008.
At all times relevant to this
dispute, Debra Nuckles supervised Francisco.
As part of her
workplace duties, Francisco attended a conference on October 24,
2007.
During the conference, Don Albert, a director at Verizon,
gave a presentation touting the company’s accomplishments.
He
asked for a volunteer in the crowd to step on stage and display
cue cards to the audience at appropriate times.
Specifically,
the volunteer was to display cards with words like “cheer” or
“clap” as Albert listed the successes of the company.
had re-used cards from a previous presentation.
Albert
On one side of
each card was a command to cheer, and on the other an image from
2
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 3 of 9
The Phantom of the Opera that he had displayed at the previous
engagement.
During the presentation, the volunteer dropped a
card and accidentally displayed the wrong side to the audience.
That side displayed a noose, an image used in The Phantom of the
Opera.
Francisco alleges that she “reasonably perceived this
noose
and
its
hostility.”
display
J.A.
as
41.
a
racist
Although
act
she
of
was
intimidation
and
outraged
the
by
incident, she failed to notify Verizon of her complaint until
roughly three months later.
In
December
2007,
well
before
Francisco
filed
her
complaint, Albert was directed to identify a Verizon employee
for a reduction in force (“RIF”)--i.e., a layoff.
Albert is
responsible
for
the
reductions”
needed
making
to
“initial
compensate
recommendations
for
business in the wireline department.
the
of
company’s
Id. 326.
force
decreased
That same month,
Albert determined that Francisco would be laid off.
As Albert
explained, he first concluded that someone under the supervision
of Nuckles would be terminated, because Nuckles’s team comprised
an excessive number of employees.
termination.
This left five candidates for
Identification of Francisco as the individual to
be laid off was simple, reasoned Albert, because her performance
was rated the lowest out of the group.
3
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 4 of 9
Albert maintained ultimate authority for determining
which employee was to be terminated.
He consulted only with
Nuckles, during the first or second week of January 2008, and
solicited her input about his proposed decision to terminate
Francisco’s employment.
RIF
on
February
departments
4,
approved
He formally recommended Francisco for a
2008.
the
The
human
recommendation
resources
on
and
February
legal
28,
Francisco was notified of the decision on March 6.
and
Neither
Albert nor Nuckles--the only employees vested with a role in the
decision-making
process--learned
of
Francisco’s
cue-card
complaint until after their respective roles in the RIF process
had concluded.
Albert learned of the complaint on March 11,
2008, and Nuckles was so apprised on January 24, 2008.
At
the
same
time
that
her
termination
was
being
finalized, Francisco decided to voice her complaint about the
cue-card incident.
She first raised the issue during a January
24, 2008 meeting with Louise Shutler and Faye Harrison, members
of
the
Verizon
investigate
Security
Francisco’s
the preceding week.
the
cue-card
team.
The
three-day
meeting
unexcused
was
arranged
absence
from
to
work
Francisco took that opportunity to explain
incident
to
Shutler
and
Harrison,
but
Shutler
informed her that Verizon Security had no jurisdiction over the
matter.
Instead, Shutler promised to forward the complaint to
the company’s ethics office.
4
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 5 of 9
Hearing no further word about her complaint, Francisco
on February 7 contacted Shutler.
Shutler acknowledged that she
had forgotten to forward the complaint and had not spoken with a
single person about the issue.
She promised to take action
immediately and ultimately transmitted the complaint to Kenna
Ashley, who talked with Francisco on February 13.
No further
action was taken on the complaint, and Francisco was notified of
her termination on March 6.
After
learning
of
her
termination,
Francisco
filed
suit, alleging unlawful retaliation in violation of Title VII.
In her complaint, Francisco asserted that she was “terminated
from
about
employment
incidents
with
intimidation.”
at
Verizon
work
of
in
race
retaliation
for
discrimination
complaining
and
racial
J.A. 37.
After extensive discovery, Verizon moved for summary
judgment.
The district court granted the motion, dismissing
Francisco’s retaliation claim.
From this order Francisco now
appeals.
II.
A party is entitled to summary judgment if it “shows
that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact” and
that it “is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
Civ. P. 56(a).
Fed. R.
Summary judgment is appropriate “against a party
5
Appeal: 10-2432
who
Document: 41
fails
to
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
make
a
showing
Page: 6 of 9
sufficient
to
establish
the
existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on
which
that
party
will
bear
the
burden
of
proof
at
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986).
trial.”
To resist
summary judgment, a nonmoving party “must do more than simply
show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material
facts,” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475
U.S.
574,
586
(1986),
and
the
party
“cannot
defeat
summary
judgment with merely a scintilla of evidence,” Am. Arms Int’l v.
Herbert, 563 F.3d 78, 82 (4th Cir. 2009).
We
review
de
novo
a
district
court’s
granting
of
summary judgment, viewing the facts in the light most favorable
to the nonmoving party.
Laughlin, 149 F.3d at 258.
III.
Title VII’s retaliation provision forbids “an employer to
discriminate against any of his employees . . . because [the
employee] has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment
practice.”
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a).
three-step
framework
claims.
when
We have endorsed a familiar
assessing
Laughlin, 149 F.3d at 258.
Title
VII
retaliation
First, the plaintiff must
show, by a preponderance of the evidence, a prima facie case of
retaliation.
rebut
the
Id.
The burden then shifts to the defendant “to
presumption
of
retaliation
6
by
articulating
a
non-
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
retaliatory
reason
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
for
its
Page: 7 of 9
action.”
Id.
If
the
defendant
successfully rebuts, the presumption of retaliation “drops from
the case” and the plaintiff bears the ultimate burden.
Id.
(internal quotation marks omitted).
To
establish
the
necessary
prima
facie
case
of
retaliation, a plaintiff must demonstrate “(1) that she engaged
in protected activity, (2) that an adverse employment action was
taken against her, and (3) that there was a causal link between
the protected activity and the adverse employment action.”
Id.
Because we conclude that Francisco has failed to satisfy the
causation prong, we need not assess the remaining two elements.
To demonstrate the requisite “causal link between the
protected activity and the adverse employment action,” id., a
plaintiff
must
generally
show
at
the
very
least
that
the
termination occurred after the decision-making authority became
aware of the employee’s grievance, see Williams v. Cerberonics,
Inc., 871 F.2d 452, 457 (4th Cir. 1989).
The undisputed facts
show that Francisco fails to meet this most basic element of the
causation prong.
Only
two
individuals
at
Verizon
exercised
direct
control over Francisco’s termination--Albert and Nuckles.
The
undisputed facts show that Albert did not learn of Francisco’s
complaint until March 11, 2008, five days after Francisco was
notified that she would be laid off.
7
Nuckles completed her
Appeal: 10-2432
Document: 41
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
Page: 8 of 9
involvement in Francisco’s termination by giving input to Albert
in the first or second week of January 2008.
This was at least
a week before she learned of Francisco’s complaint on January
24. *
a
Although the human resources and legal departments also had
role--albeit
a
most
formal
role--in
approving
Francisco’s
termination, Francisco does not allege that any individuals in
those departments knew of her complaint.
Thus, short of innuendo and conclusory allegations of
a vast conspiracy, Francisco is unable to present more than a
“scintilla of evidence” that any of the decision makers knew of
her
complaint
inexorably
prior
fails,
to
and
her
official
summary
termination.
judgment
is
Her
appropriate.
claim
We
therefore affirm the judgment of the district court.
We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials
*
Verizon disputes this date, contending that Nuckles did not
learn of Francisco’s complaint until November 2008. In support
of the earlier date, Francisco points to Shutler’s deposition
wherein she testified that Nuckles talked to her about
Francisco’s complaint on January 24, 2008.
Shutler, however,
almost immediately corrected herself, testifying that she meant
to identify Francisco as the person who informed her about the
complaint.
We think it obvious from the context of Shutler’s
testimony and her clarifying remarks that Shutler misspoke, but
we nevertheless follow the district court’s lead in assuming
that Nuckles learned of the complaint on January 24.
8
Appeal: 10-2432
before
Document: 41
the
court
Date Filed: 08/08/2011
and
argument
would
Page: 9 of 9
not
aid
the
decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
9
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?