Clinton Smith v. Gerald Branker
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Motion disposition in opinion--denying Motion to appoint/assign counsel [998451585-2] Originating case number: 5:09-hc-02082-D. Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [998764636]. Mailed to: David Weiss. [10-7417]
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Date Filed: 01/13/2012
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-7417
CLINTON SMITH,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v.
GERALD J. BRANKER, Administrator,
Respondent - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
James C. Dever III,
District Judge. (5:09-hc-02082-D)
Submitted:
October 20, 2011
Decided:
January 13, 2012
Before KING, DAVIS, and KEENAN, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Malcolm Ray Hunter, Jr., David Weiss, CENTER FOR DEATH PENALTY
LITIGATION, Durham, North Carolina, for Appellant. Clarence Joe
DelForge, III, Assistant Attorney General, Raleigh, North
Carolina, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Clinton
Cebert
Smith
appeals
the
district
court’s
dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28
U.S.C. § 2254 (2006).
The facts underlying Smith’s convictions
have been exhaustively recounted in the North Carolina courts.
See, e.g., State v. Smith, 524 S.E.2d 28, 33-36 (N.C. 2000).
brief,
Smith’s
ex-girlfriend,
Sylvia
Cotton,
and
their
In
three
children were poisoned with Di-Syston, a lethal organophosphate
pesticide,
in
January
1996.
One
of
the
children,
Britteny,
died; Cotton and the other two children were hospitalized but
eventually
Carolina
counts
recovered.
jury
of
of
Smith
one
attempted
count
was
of
later
convicted
first-degree
first-degree
murder
by
murder.
a
North
and
three
Although
Smith
initially received a capital sentence, it was reduced to life
imprisonment after a state court determined that he is mentally
retarded.
Following his convictions, Smith filed a motion for
appropriate
relief
(“MAR”)
in
state
court,
alleging,
in
pertinent part, that the State had violated Brady v. Maryland,
373 U.S. 83 (1963), and its progeny by failing to disclose the
existence
of
toxicologist
a
letter
written
whom
the
prosecution
by
Dr.
had
investigation of the case against Smith.
Darrell
consulted
Sumner,
during
a
its
The state MAR court
rejected Smith’s Brady claim, and the Court of Appeals of North
2
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Carolina
denied
Date Filed: 01/13/2012
certiorari.
Page: 3 of 7
Smith
then
filed
his
§ 2254
petition for federal habeas corpus relief, which the district
court dismissed.
We granted a certificate of appealability,
directing briefing on the issue of whether the State violated
Brady
and
Giglio
v.
United
States,
405
U.S.
150
(1972),
failing to disclose Dr. Sumner’s letter to the defense.
in
We now
affirm.
This court reviews de novo a district court’s denial
of habeas corpus relief on the basis of a state court record.
See
Tucker
v.
Nevertheless,
petitioner’s
Ozmint,
where
claim
350
the
on
F.3d
state
the
433,
438
court
merits,
(4th
has
the
Cir.
2003).
adjudicated
Antiterrorism
a
and
Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) provides that a
federal court may grant a habeas petition only if the state
court’s
adjudication
“(1)
resulted
in
a
decision
that
was
contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly
established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of
the United States,” or “(2) resulted in a decision that was
based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of
the
evidence
presented
in
the
State
court
proceeding.”
28
U.S.C. § 2254(d) (2006).
In addressing Smith’s Brady claim, the state MAR court
correctly recognized:
3
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“There are three components of a true Brady violation:
The evidence at issue must be favorable to the
accused, either because it is exculpatory, or because
it is impeaching; that evidence must have been
suppressed
by
the
State,
either
willfully
or
inadvertently; and prejudice must have ensued.”
State v. Smith, No. 96-CRS-948 to -51, slip op. at 3 (N.C.
Super.
Ct.
Strickler
v.
June
19,
Greene,
2002)
527
(the
U.S.
263,
“MAR
281
Decision”)
(1999)).
(quoting
That
is,
evidence is favorable not only when it would tend to exculpate
the
accused,
but
also
prosecution’s witnesses.
when
it
can
be
used
to
impeach
the
See United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S.
667, 676 (1985); United States v. Trevino, 89 F.3d 187, 189 (4th
Cir. 1996).
Evidence tending to impeach a witness for the State
must be disclosed to the defendant if known to the prosecution.
See Giglio, 405 U.S. at 153-55.
Favorable evidence is material
when “there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence
been
disclosed
to
the
defense,
would have been different.”
the
result
of
the
proceeding
Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419,
433-34 (1995) (internal quotation marks omitted).
A reasonable
probability is one sufficient “to undermine confidence in the
verdict.”
Id. at 435.
The letter that is the genesis of Smith’s Brady claim
was addressed to the manufacturer of Di-Syston, and a copy was
sent to the prosecutor’s office.
In it, Dr. Sumner identified
four areas of concern with the prosecution’s theory that Smith
4
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had introduced the pesticide to his victims by dissolving it in
some Kool-Aid that they later drank.
Dr. Sumner first observed
that “[t]he time lapsed between ingestion and onset of symptoms
seems unusually long.”
Second, he queried whether Di-Syston is
soluble enough in water to produce a lethal dose in only “a
couple of swallows.”
Third, he questioned whether the “tissue
levels” recorded in Britteny’s autopsy were sufficient to cause
her
death.
omitted
And
fourth,
certain
data
he
wondered
pertaining
why
to
the
autopsy
report
“acetylcholinesterase
determinations.”
In this appeal, Smith declines to pursue any argument
with respect to the third and fourth concerns outlined in Dr.
Sumner’s letter.
In fact, Smith concedes that Britteny’s death
was caused by Di-Syston poisoning.
Nevertheless, Smith contends
that, if he had known of Dr. Sumner’s hesitations with respect
to
the
time
lapse
and
solubility
issues
identified
in
his
letter, Smith would have pursued those issues more assiduously
and hired an additional expert to further scrutinize them.
In
essence, Smith contends that he would have been able to raise
enough
uncertainty
introduced
to
the
about
victims
poisonings were accidental.
a
reasonable
precisely
probability
to
how
support
the
a
pesticide
theory
that
was
the
As a result, claims Smith, there is
that,
5
had
Dr.
Sumner’s
letter
been
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disclosed to the defense, the jury would have returned verdicts
of not guilty.
Having thoroughly reviewed the record and the parties’
briefs,
however,
we
cannot
say
that
the
state
MAR
court’s
adjudication of Smith’s Brady claim resulted in a decision that
was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of,
Supreme Court precedent, or that was based on an unreasonable
determination of the facts.
At bottom, the State was under no
obligation to prove that Smith sprinkled Di-Syston into Kool-Aid
as opposed to some other medium.
needed
only
to
prove
that
Smith
premeditation and deliberation.
45, 46 (N.C. 2000).
killed
Britteny,
purposes
only
acted
with
malice
and
with
See State v. Coble, 527 S.E.2d
Given that Smith concedes that Di-Syston
Dr.
if
On the contrary, the State
Sumner’s
further
letter
is
specificity
material
about
the
for
Brady
particular
carrier for the pesticide could implicate a third party or show
that the victims were poisoned accidentally.
latter,
contending
definitively
the
that,
precise
if
the
medium
State
by
which
Smith argues the
failed
the
to
prove
Di-Syston
was
introduced to the victims, the jury could have concluded that
the
pesticide
Nevertheless,
may
Smith
have
never
been
identifies
accident he envisions as plausible.
state
MAR
court
that
the
introduced
evidence
6
precisely
accidentally.
what
type
of
Indeed, we agree with the
that
Smith
introduced
the
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pesticide
into
Date Filed: 01/13/2012
Cotton’s
home
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for
the
express
purpose
of
perpetrating lethal harm is “overwhelming,” see MAR Decision 19,
regardless
of
any
residual
lack
of
clarity
regarding
the
particular medium by which the pesticide was introduced to the
victims.
At the very least, it was certainly within the bounds
of
reason
for
the
state
MAR
court
to
conclude
that
the
nondisclosure of Dr. Sumner’s letter did not deprive Smith of a
verdict that is worthy of confidence.
435.
Accordingly,
we
affirm
the
See Kyles, 514 U.S. at
district
Smith’s pending motion to appoint counsel.
oral
argument
adequately
because
presented
in
the
the
facts
and
materials
court.
We
deny
We dispense with
legal
before
contentions
the
court
are
and
argument will not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
7
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