Clinton Smith v. Gerald Branker

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UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Motion disposition in opinion--denying Motion to appoint/assign counsel [998451585-2] Originating case number: 5:09-hc-02082-D. Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [998764636]. Mailed to: David Weiss. [10-7417]

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Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Page: 1 of 7 UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 10-7417 CLINTON SMITH, Petitioner - Appellant, v. GERALD J. BRANKER, Administrator, Respondent - Appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh. James C. Dever III, District Judge. (5:09-hc-02082-D) Submitted: October 20, 2011 Decided: January 13, 2012 Before KING, DAVIS, and KEENAN, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Malcolm Ray Hunter, Jr., David Weiss, CENTER FOR DEATH PENALTY LITIGATION, Durham, North Carolina, for Appellant. Clarence Joe DelForge, III, Assistant Attorney General, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Page: 2 of 7 PER CURIAM: Clinton Cebert Smith appeals the district court’s dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (2006). The facts underlying Smith’s convictions have been exhaustively recounted in the North Carolina courts. See, e.g., State v. Smith, 524 S.E.2d 28, 33-36 (N.C. 2000). brief, Smith’s ex-girlfriend, Sylvia Cotton, and their In three children were poisoned with Di-Syston, a lethal organophosphate pesticide, in January 1996. One of the children, Britteny, died; Cotton and the other two children were hospitalized but eventually Carolina counts recovered. jury of of Smith one attempted count was of later convicted first-degree first-degree murder by murder. a North and three Although Smith initially received a capital sentence, it was reduced to life imprisonment after a state court determined that he is mentally retarded. Following his convictions, Smith filed a motion for appropriate relief (“MAR”) in state court, alleging, in pertinent part, that the State had violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), and its progeny by failing to disclose the existence of toxicologist a letter written whom the prosecution by Dr. had investigation of the case against Smith. Darrell consulted Sumner, during a its The state MAR court rejected Smith’s Brady claim, and the Court of Appeals of North 2 Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Carolina denied Date Filed: 01/13/2012 certiorari. Page: 3 of 7 Smith then filed his § 2254 petition for federal habeas corpus relief, which the district court dismissed. We granted a certificate of appealability, directing briefing on the issue of whether the State violated Brady and Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972), failing to disclose Dr. Sumner’s letter to the defense. in We now affirm. This court reviews de novo a district court’s denial of habeas corpus relief on the basis of a state court record. See Tucker v. Nevertheless, petitioner’s Ozmint, where claim 350 the on F.3d state the 433, 438 court merits, (4th has the Cir. 2003). adjudicated Antiterrorism a and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) provides that a federal court may grant a habeas petition only if the state court’s adjudication “(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States,” or “(2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) (2006). In addressing Smith’s Brady claim, the state MAR court correctly recognized: 3 Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Page: 4 of 7 “There are three components of a true Brady violation: The evidence at issue must be favorable to the accused, either because it is exculpatory, or because it is impeaching; that evidence must have been suppressed by the State, either willfully or inadvertently; and prejudice must have ensued.” State v. Smith, No. 96-CRS-948 to -51, slip op. at 3 (N.C. Super. Ct. Strickler v. June 19, Greene, 2002) 527 (the U.S. 263, “MAR 281 Decision”) (1999)). (quoting That is, evidence is favorable not only when it would tend to exculpate the accused, but also prosecution’s witnesses. when it can be used to impeach the See United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 676 (1985); United States v. Trevino, 89 F.3d 187, 189 (4th Cir. 1996). Evidence tending to impeach a witness for the State must be disclosed to the defendant if known to the prosecution. See Giglio, 405 U.S. at 153-55. Favorable evidence is material when “there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, would have been different.” the result of the proceeding Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 433-34 (1995) (internal quotation marks omitted). A reasonable probability is one sufficient “to undermine confidence in the verdict.” Id. at 435. The letter that is the genesis of Smith’s Brady claim was addressed to the manufacturer of Di-Syston, and a copy was sent to the prosecutor’s office. In it, Dr. Sumner identified four areas of concern with the prosecution’s theory that Smith 4 Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Page: 5 of 7 had introduced the pesticide to his victims by dissolving it in some Kool-Aid that they later drank. Dr. Sumner first observed that “[t]he time lapsed between ingestion and onset of symptoms seems unusually long.” Second, he queried whether Di-Syston is soluble enough in water to produce a lethal dose in only “a couple of swallows.” Third, he questioned whether the “tissue levels” recorded in Britteny’s autopsy were sufficient to cause her death. omitted And fourth, certain data he wondered pertaining why to the autopsy report “acetylcholinesterase determinations.” In this appeal, Smith declines to pursue any argument with respect to the third and fourth concerns outlined in Dr. Sumner’s letter. In fact, Smith concedes that Britteny’s death was caused by Di-Syston poisoning. Nevertheless, Smith contends that, if he had known of Dr. Sumner’s hesitations with respect to the time lapse and solubility issues identified in his letter, Smith would have pursued those issues more assiduously and hired an additional expert to further scrutinize them. In essence, Smith contends that he would have been able to raise enough uncertainty introduced to the about victims poisonings were accidental. a reasonable precisely probability to how support the a pesticide theory that was the As a result, claims Smith, there is that, 5 had Dr. Sumner’s letter been Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Page: 6 of 7 disclosed to the defense, the jury would have returned verdicts of not guilty. Having thoroughly reviewed the record and the parties’ briefs, however, we cannot say that the state MAR court’s adjudication of Smith’s Brady claim resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, Supreme Court precedent, or that was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts. At bottom, the State was under no obligation to prove that Smith sprinkled Di-Syston into Kool-Aid as opposed to some other medium. needed only to prove that Smith premeditation and deliberation. 45, 46 (N.C. 2000). killed Britteny, purposes only acted with malice and with See State v. Coble, 527 S.E.2d Given that Smith concedes that Di-Syston Dr. if On the contrary, the State Sumner’s further letter is specificity material about the for Brady particular carrier for the pesticide could implicate a third party or show that the victims were poisoned accidentally. latter, contending definitively the that, precise if the medium State by which Smith argues the failed the to prove Di-Syston was introduced to the victims, the jury could have concluded that the pesticide Nevertheless, may Smith have never been identifies accident he envisions as plausible. state MAR court that the introduced evidence 6 precisely accidentally. what type of Indeed, we agree with the that Smith introduced the Appeal: 10-7417 Document: 21 pesticide into Date Filed: 01/13/2012 Cotton’s home Page: 7 of 7 for the express purpose of perpetrating lethal harm is “overwhelming,” see MAR Decision 19, regardless of any residual lack of clarity regarding the particular medium by which the pesticide was introduced to the victims. At the very least, it was certainly within the bounds of reason for the state MAR court to conclude that the nondisclosure of Dr. Sumner’s letter did not deprive Smith of a verdict that is worthy of confidence. 435. Accordingly, we affirm the See Kyles, 514 U.S. at district Smith’s pending motion to appoint counsel. oral argument adequately because presented in the the facts and materials court. We deny We dispense with legal before contentions the court are and argument will not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED 7

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