Estelle Singletary v. Department of Health and Human
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 5:11-cv-00307-BO Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999014043]. Mailed to: Singletary. [12-2002]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 12-2002
ESTELLE SINGLETARY,
Plaintiff – Appellant,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES/NC INFANT TODDLER
PROGRAM,
Defendant – Appellee,
and
DEBORAH CARROLL,
Officer,
Branch
Head;
PHILLIP
R.
DIXON,
Hearing
Defendants.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
Terrence W. Boyle,
District Judge. (5:11-cv-00307-BO)
Submitted:
December 6, 2012
Decided:
January 3, 2013
Before AGEE, KEENAN, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Estelle Singletary, Appellant Pro Se.
Mabel Y. Bullock, Donna
Drake Smith, NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Raleigh,
North Carolina, for Appellee.
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Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Estelle
Singletary
appeals
the
district
court’s
dismissal of her civil complaint alleging violations of Part C
of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), 20
U.S.C.
§§ 1431-1444
(2006).
The
district
court
dismissed
Singletary’s action pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), concluding that
she failed to state a claim because she did not allege that her
daughter was denied a free appropriate public education under
the IDEA, and thus could not obtain relief on her claims that
the
Defendants
violated
the
IDEA’s
procedural
requirements.
Finding no reversible error, we affirm.
Singletary
first
argues
that
the
dismissal
of
her
complaint deprived her of an opportunity to be heard on her IDEA
claims.
However, she received such an opportunity through the
adjudication
(2006).
To
of
her
the
complaint
extent
she
filed
under
contends
20
that
U.S.C.
the
§ 1439
traditional
pleading requirements and Rules of Civil Procedure do not apply
to
her
IDEA
claims,
posture of her case.
Singletary
misapprehends
the
procedural
See Kirkpatrick v. Lenoir Cnty. Bd. of
Educ., 216 F.3d 380, 387 (4th Cir. 2000) (holding that an IDEA
action under 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(A) is not an appeal but an
“original
civil
action”
to
which
Procedure apply).
3
the
Federal
Rules
of
Civil
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Liberally
challenges
the
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construed,
dismissal
of
Singletary’s
her
claims
under
brief
Rule
also
12(b)(6).
This court reviews de novo the district court’s dismissal of a
complaint
claim.
Cnty.,
under
Rule
Kensington
Md.,
684
12(b)(6)
Volunteer
F.3d
462,
for
Fire
467
failure
Dep’t,
(4th
Cir.
Inc.
to
v.
a
Montgomery
2012).
A
complainant’s pleadings must be liberally construed.
v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007).
state
pro
se
Erickson
Nevertheless, “[t]o survive
a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual
matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face.”
(2009)
(internal
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678
quotation
marks
omitted).
Bare
legal
conclusions, unwarranted inferences, and unjustified conclusions
are insufficient to state a claim.
Id. at 664.
Part B of the IDEA ensures a free appropriate public
education
(“FAPE”)
for
children
with
disabilities
aged
three
through twenty-one, provided through an individualized education
program (“IEP”) focused on the child’s educational needs.
See
20 U.S.C. §§ 1401(d)(9)(B), 1412(a)(1)(A), 1414(d) (2006); JH ex
rel. JD v. Henrico Cnty. Sch. Bd., 395 F.3d 185, 187 (4th Cir.
2005).
In contrast, Part C ensures that states provide free and
appropriate
“early
intervention
services”
to
children
with
disabilities under the age of three through the implementation
of an “individualized family service plan” (“IFSP”).
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20 U.S.C.
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§§
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1431(b), 1432(4).
services
as
diagnostic
provided
in
IFSPs may, as appropriate, provide such
occupational
and
evaluative
the
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child’s
and
services,
“natural
personnel.”
See 20 U.S.C. §§
Sch.
Broward
Bd.
2007).
of
physical
Cnty.,
and
therapy,
social
environment”
medical
work,
by
to
be
“qualified
1431(b), 1432(4) (2006); DP v.
483
F.3d
725,
726-27
(11th
Cir.
“While IFSPs may include an educational component, they
do not necessarily include such a component.”
DP, 483 F.3d at
727.
Both Part B and Part C provide procedural safeguards
to protect the child’s rights under the IDEA.
See 20 U.S.C.
§§ 1415, 1439.
As the district court noted, this court has held
that,
State’s
while
a
failure
to
comply
with
the
procedural
requirements in Part B may be sufficient to establish the denial
of a FAPE, a procedural violation will not support a cognizable
claim under Part B unless the parent can show the procedural
violation actually interfered with the child’s FAPE.
Gadsby by
Gadsby v. Grasmick, 109 F.3d 940, 956 (4th Cir. 1997); see DiBuo
ex rel. DiBuo v. Bd. of Educ. of Worcester Cnty., 309 F.3d 184,
190-91
(4th
Cir.
2002).
However,
because
the
state
is
not
required to provide a FAPE under Part C of the IDEA, Singletary
could not be required to allege that her daughter was denied a
FAPE in order to properly allege a procedural violation under
Part C.
See, e.g., Andrew M. v. Del. Cnty. Office of Mental
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Health & Mental Retardation, 490 F.3d 337, 348, 350 (3d Cir.
2007).
Nevertheless,
on
the
available
record,
we
find
no
basis to conclude that a principle analogous to that in Gadsby
should
not
be
applied
under
Part
C.
Applying
Gadsby
to
Singletary’s amended complaint, we conclude that Singletary did
not allege sufficient facts to plausibly demonstrate that her
daughter
under
was
Part
denied
C.
appropriate
Thus,
we
early
conclude
intervention
that
the
services
district
court
properly dismissed Singletary’s complaint pursuant to Fed. R.
Civ. P. 12(b)(6). *
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
We
dispense
contentions
with
are
oral
argument
adequately
because
presented
in
the
facts
and
the
materials
legal
before
this Court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
*
Defendants Dixon and Carroll have not been made parties to
this appeal.
In any event, because we conclude that
Singletary’s amended complaint failed to state a cognizable IDEA
claim against any Defendant, dismissal of Singletary’s claims
against Dixon and Carroll ultimately was proper.
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