US v. Markus Harri
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 5:12-cr-00381-BO-1 Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999313972].. [13-4554]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 13-4554
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
MARKUS MAURICE HARRIS,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
Terrence W. Boyle,
District Judge. (5:12-cr-00381-BO-1)
Submitted:
February 27, 2014
Decided:
March 12, 2014
Before MOTZ, AGEE, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Thomas P. McNamara, Federal Public Defender, Eric J. Brignac,
Assistant Federal Public Defender, Raleigh, North Carolina, for
Appellant. Thomas G. Walker, United States Attorney, Jennifer P.
May-Parker, Yvonne V. Watford-McKinney, Assistant United States
Attorneys, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Markus Maurice Harris appeals the 115-month sentence
imposed following his guilty plea to possession of a firearm and
ammunition
as
§ 922(g)(1)
district
a
convicted
(2012).
court’s
enhancement
for
On
felon,
appeal,
application
possession
in
Harris
of
of
a
violation
a
of
18
challenges
four-level
firearm
in
U.S.C.
only
the
Guidelines
connection
with
another felony offense, pursuant to U.S. Sentencing Guidelines
Manual (“USSG”) § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) (2012).
For the reasons that
follow, we affirm.
In
considering
whether
a
district
court
properly
imposed a Guidelines enhancement, we review factual findings for
clear error and legal determinations de novo.
United States v.
Chandia, 675 F.3d 329, 337 (4th Cir. 2012).
We will find a
court’s factual finding clearly erroneous only “if we are left
with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed.”
Cir.
2013)
permissible
United States v. Crawford, 734 F.3d 339, 342 (4th
(quotation
views
of
marks
the
omitted).
evidence,
“Where
the
between them cannot be clearly erroneous.”
there
are
factfinder’s
two
choice
Anderson v. City of
Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 574 (1985).
An
appropriate
enhancement
when
a
under
firearm
or
USSG
§ 2K2.1(b)(6)(B)
ammunition
possessed
by
is
a
defendant “facilitated, or had the potential of facilitating,
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another felony offense.”
felony
offense”
is
Pg: 3 of 6
USSG § 2K2.1 cmt. n.14(A).
defined
as
“any
federal,
“Another
state,
or
local
offense . . . punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding
one year, regardless of whether a criminal charge was brought,
or a conviction obtained.”
USSG § 2K2.1 cmt. n.14(C).
The
purpose of Section 2K2.1(b)(6) is “to punish more severely a
defendant who commits a separate felony offense that is rendered
more dangerous by the presence of a firearm.”
United States v.
Jenkins,
(quotation
566
F.3d
160,
164
(4th
Cir.
2009)
marks
omitted).
The
requirement
that
the
firearm
be
possessed
“in
connection with” another felony “is satisfied if the firearm had
some
purpose
including
or
if
the
effect
with
firearm
embolden the actor.”
respect
was
to
present
the
for
other
offense,
protection
or
to
United States v. McKenzie-Gude, 671 F.3d
452, 464 (4th Cir. 2011) (quotation marks omitted).
However,
“the requirement is not satisfied if the firearm was present due
to mere accident or coincidence.”
(quotation
marks
omitted).
Jenkins, 566 F.3d at 163
The
Guidelines
commentary
specifically provides that a defendant possesses a firearm in
connection
trafficking
proximity
with
another
offense
to
drugs,
in
felony
which
a
“in
the
firearm
drug-manufacturing
case
is
of
found
materials,
a
in
or
drug
close
drug
paraphernalia . . . because the presence of the firearm has the
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facilitating
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potential
of
[that
drug-trafficking]
offense.”
USSG § 2K2.1 cmt. n.14(B).
felony
The Government bears the
burden of establishing the propriety of a Guidelines enhancement
by a preponderance of the evidence.
United States v. Blauvelt,
638 F.3d 281, 293 (4th Cir. 2011).
The
district
court
imposed
the
enhancement
after
finding that Harris possessed the firearm in connection with a
drug trafficking offense.
On appeal, Harris argues that the
Government failed to meet its burden to establish the requisite
connection
between
the
drugs
and
thoroughly
reviewed
the
record
the
and
firearm.
conclude
court’s finding was not clearly erroneous.
that
We
the
have
trial
The gun was found on
the driver’s side floorboard of the vehicle Harris had been in
immediately prior to his arrest, and was thus easily accessible
to Harris, who had been in the front passenger seat.
Further, a
large amount of cash was found on Harris’ person, and Harris
conceded ownership of the gun and what the court determined was
a “distribution” amount of marijuana.
the same bag as a digital scale.
court’s
finding
trafficking.
that
Harris
The marijuana was held in
This evidence supported the
was
engaged
in
marijuana
See, e.g., United States v. Collins, 412 F.3d 515,
519 (4th Cir. 2005) (listing factors from which to infer intent
to
distribute,
including
“the
quantity
of
the
drugs,”
“the
packaging,” “where the drugs are hidden,” and “the amount of
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cash seized with the drugs”); United States v. Carrasco, 257
F.3d 1045, 1048 (9th Cir. 2001) (recognizing that “scales are
well-known
tools
for
the
packaging
and
sale
of
drugs,”
and
collecting cases).
The fact that the firearm was accessible to Harris
while he possessed the marijuana in the vehicle, and the fact
that the cash and the ammunition were both found on Harris’
person at the time of his arrest, suggest a connection between
the
drugs
and
the
firearm’s
purpose.
See
United
States
v.
Blount, 337 F.3d 404, 411 (4th Cir. 2003) (noting relevance of
gun’s accessibility to finding it facilitated another offense).
When
viewed
in
light
of
Harris’
concomitant
possession
of
distribution paraphernalia, the evidence supported the finding
that the presence of the firearm in proximity to the drugs was
more than “mere accident or coincidence,” see Jenkins, 566 F.3d
at
163
embolden
(quotation
or
marks
protect
omitted),
Harris’
drug
but
rather
trafficking.
was
used
Because
to
the
record was adequate to support a finding that Harris possessed
the
firearm
conclude
the
in
connection
district
with
court
a
did
felony
not
err
drug
in
offense,
imposing
we
the
enhancement.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
We
dispense
with
oral
argument
5
because
the
facts
and
legal
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contentions
are
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adequately
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presented
in
the
materials
before
this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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