US v. Stephen Field
Filing
UNPUBLISHED AUTHORED OPINION filed. Originating case number: 2:12-cr-00105-RAJ-DEM-3 Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999596742].. [13-4711, 13-4818, 13-4863]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 13-4711
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
STEPHEN G. FIELDS,
Defendant – Appellant.
No. 13-4818
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
TROY BRANDON WOODARD,
Defendant – Appellant.
No. 13-4863
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
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EDWARD J. WOODARD,
Defendant – Appellant.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Norfolk. Raymond A. Jackson, District
Judge.
(2:12-cr-00105-RAJ-DEM-3; 2:12-cr-00105-RAJ-DEM-4; 2:12cr-00105-RAJ-DEM-1)
Argued:
May 13, 2015
Decided:
June 5, 2015
Before MOTZ, SHEDD, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished opinion. Judge Shedd wrote the opinion,
in which Judge Motz and Judge Diaz joined.
ARGUED: Eugene Victor Gorokhov, BURNHAM & GOROKHOV, PLLC,
Washington, D.C.; Andrew Michael Sacks, SACKS & SACKS, Norfolk,
Virginia; James Brian Donnelly, J. BRIAN DONNELLY, P.C.,
Virginia Beach, Virginia, for Appellants. Katherine Lee Martin,
OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Richmond, Virginia, for
Appellee.
ON BRIEF: Ziran Zhang, BURNHAM & GOROKHOV, PLLC,
Washington, D.C., for Appellant Stephen G. Fields. Dana J.
Boente, United States Attorney, Alexandria, Virginia, Melissa E.
O'Boyle, Uzo E. Asonye, Assistant United States Attorneys,
OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Norfolk, Virginia, for
Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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SHEDD, Circuit Judge:
In this appeal, Stephen G. Fields, Edward J. Woodard, and
Troy Brandon Woodard raise a host of evidentiary and procedural
challenges to their convictions following a ten week jury trial
for conspiracy to commit bank fraud.
challenges his sentence.
Troy Brandon Woodard also
For the reasons that follow, we affirm
the convictions and sentence.
I.
The Bank of the Commonwealth (“the Bank”) was a community
bank with branches throughout southeastern Virginia and coastal
North Carolina.
its
longtime
Fields
was
Officer.
Appellant Edward Woodard (“Woodard”) served as
Chief
its
Executive
Executive
Appellant
Troy
Officer,
Vice
and
President
Brandon
Appellant
and
Woodard
Stephen
Commercial
Loan
(“Brandon”)
was
Woodard’s son and a Vice President of the Bank’s wholly-owned
mortgage loan subsidiary.
The Bank failed in 2008, and the
FDIC, serving as the Bank’s receiver, sustained approximately
$333 million in losses.
On December 20, 2012, a federal grand jury returned a 26count
indictment
charging
Woodard,
Fields,
Brandon,
and
two
additional defendants, who are not parties to this appeal, with
a massive bank fraud conspiracy and various financial crimes
arising therefrom.
The indictment alleged that the objectives
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of the conspiracy were to hide the true financial condition of
the Bank and to benefit the conspirators at the Bank’s expense.
The trial began on March 19, 2013 and lasted approximately
ten weeks.
The government called 48 witnesses and entered over
600 exhibits into evidence.
The defendants called 44 witnesses
and entered over 400 exhibits.
All five defendants testified on
their own behalf.
After
deliberating
for
four
days,
guilty verdict against the Appellants.
the
jury
returned
a
Woodard was convicted of
conspiracy to commit bank fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1349; making a
false entry in a bank record under 18 U.S.C. § 1005; four counts
of unlawful participation in a loan under 18 U.S.C. § 1005; two
counts of making a false statement to a financial institution
under 18 U.S.C. § 1014; two counts of misapplication of bank
funds under 18 U.S.C. § 656; and bank fraud under 18 U.S.C. §
1344.
Fields was convicted of conspiracy to commit bank fraud
under 18 U.S.C. § 1349; two counts of making a false entry in a
bank record under 18 U.S.C. § 1005; making a false statement to
a financial institution under 18 U.S.C. § 1014; and two counts
of misapplication of bank funds under 18 U.S.C. § 656.
Brandon
was convicted of conspiracy to commit bank fraud under 18 U.S.C.
§ 1349 and three counts of unlawful participation in a loan
under 18 U.S.C. § 1005.
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The district court sentenced Woodard to a 276 month term of
imprisonment, Fields to a 204 month term of imprisonment, and
Brandon to a 96 month term of imprisonment.
ordered
restitution
payments.
All
three
The court also
defendants
timely
appealed their convictions to this Court.
On
appeal,
Fields
challenges
the
district
court’s
time
limitation of his direct testimony, its exclusion of certain
defense
evidence
as
hearsay,
its
limitation
of
the
scope
of
cross-examination of two prosecution witnesses, its decision to
allow another prosecution witness to testify as a lay witness
rather than as an expert, and its exclusion of certain defense
evidence as irrelevant.
the
evidence
against
Woodard challenges the sufficiency of
him,
certain
evidence
regarding
federal
Troubled
Asset
district
court’s
effect
of
the
of
national
finances and operations.
district
the
Relief
exclusion
2008
the
Bank’s
court’s
failure
exclusion
to
Program
(TARP)
certain
evidence
financial
crisis
apply
funds,
of
for
and
the
regarding
the
on
the
Bank’s
Brandon challenges the sufficiency of
the evidence against him as well, his sentence enhancement based
on the court’s calculation of the amount of loss that he caused
the Bank, and his sentence enhancement for abusing a position of
trust.
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II.
We
first
committed
direct
examine
reversible
limit
testimony.
the
error
We
duration
discretion.
Fields’
by
review
of
a
claim
that
limiting
a
the
the
district
witness’s
district
duration
court’s
testimony
court
of
decision
for
abuse
his
to
of
United States v. Midgett, 488 F.3d 288, 297 (4th
Cir. 2007) (citing United States v. Turner, 198 F.3d 425, 429
(4th Cir. 1999)).
Federal Rule of Evidence 611(a) provides that
“[t]he court should exercise reasonable control over the mode
... of examining witnesses and presenting evidence so as to (1)
make those procedures effective for determining the truth [and]
(2) avoid wasting time... .”
“It is well settled ... that a
trial court possesses broad discretion to control the mode of
interrogation
of
witnesses,”
including
the
time
placed on the interrogation of that witness.
at
299-300.
“A
restrictions’
district
on
a
court
defendant’s
thus
may
ability
limitations
Midgett, 488 F.3d
impose
to
‘reasonable
present
relevant
evidence” so long as those restrictions are not “‘arbitrary or
disproportionate to the purposes they are designed to serve.’”
United
States
v.
Woods,
710
F.3d
195,
200
(4th
Cir.
2013)
(quoting United States v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303, 308 (1998) and
Rock v. Arkansas, 483 U.S. 44, 55-56 (1987)).
Here,
Fields’
the
direct
court
notified
examination
began
6
Fields’
that
counsel
the
court
well
before
intended
to
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“move
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it
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along”
through
each
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defendant’s
case.
J.A.
6489.
Fields’ counsel began his direct examination in the afternoon,
and upon adjourning for the evening, the court indicated that
counsel would be expected to finish the following morning.
Once
counsel
that
failed
to
finish
the
direct
examination
within
timeframe, the court alerted him that he would be expected to
finish
that
adjournment
additional
afternoon.
that
time
day
for
Ultimately,
until
the
6:40pm
direct
to
the
allow
examination.
court
delayed
Fields’
counsel
Throughout
the
examination, the court warned counsel repeatedly that he was
straying
into
irrelevant
or
marginally
relevant
lines
of
questioning.
Fields’ counsel took four days to present his case, despite
his initial estimate that the case would take two to three days.
Fields’ direct examination lasted seven and one-half hours and
was the longest direct examination of any witness in the case.
In response to counsel’s objection that he had had insufficient
time
to
address
each
challenged
transaction
during
direct
examination, the court noted that Fields was charged with fewer
counts than two of his codefendants, both of whom had testified
for
a
shorter
amount
of
time.
Finally,
although
the
court
emphasized the wide latitude that Fields’ counsel had to inquire
into transactions on redirect that he had not addressed during
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the direct examination, Fields’ counsel declined to make use of
the entire time allotted for redirect.
In light of the court’s repeated warnings and extensions of
time
during
greater
relative
Fields’
amount
to
of
his
direct
time
testimony,
that
Fields
codefendants,
we
and
had
to
conclude
in
light
present
that
of
his
the
the
case
district
court did not abuse its discretion in limiting the duration of
Fields’ direct testimony.
III.
We next examine Woodard’s and Brandon’s claims that the
evidence supporting their convictions for conspiracy to commit
bank fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1349 is insufficient. 1
court
may
set
aside
the
jury’s
verdict
on
“A reviewing
the
ground
of
insufficient evidence only if no rational trier of fact could
have agreed with the jury.”
Cavazos v. Smith, 132 S.Ct. 2, 4
(2011) (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979)).
“The
jury, not the reviewing court, weighs the credibility of the
evidence and resolves any conflicts in the evidence presented,
and
if
the
interpretations,
evidence
supports
the
decides
jury
1
different,
which
reasonable
interpretation
to
The elements of conspiracy to commit bank fraud are, in
relevant part, conspiring to execute a scheme to defraud a
financial institution. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1344, 1349.
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United States v. Murphy, 35 F.3d 143, 148 (4th Cir.
1994) (internal citations omitted).
The government presented abundant evidence in support of
Woodard’s
charge
testimony
of
Woodard’s
conviction.
Bank,
of
conspiracy
Eric
testified
Menden
at
to
alone
Menden,
trial
is
a
that
commit
bank
fraud.
sufficient
longtime
Woodard
had
to
The
support
borrower
from
the
informed
him
that
Woodard’s son Brandon was having difficulty making payments on
one
of
Brandon’s
properties.
Menden
testified
that
Woodard
asked Menden to give Brandon money to make these payments, that
Menden
did
Brandon
so,
from
and
the
that
Bank.
Menden
This
obtained
money,
the
money
Menden
to
believe
this
testimony
–
as,
gave
testified,
delivered to Brandon in cash in a brown paper bag.
chose
he
indeed,
was
If the jury
drawing
all
inferences in the light most favorable to the government, we
must
assume
sufficient
to
it
did
–
sustain
commit bank fraud.
then
this
Woodard’s
testimony
conviction
alone
for
would
be
conspiracy
to
We therefore affirm his conviction on this
count.
There is also sufficient evidence against Brandon on the
conspiracy
general
charge.
contractor
To
who
take
one
remodeled
example,
the
Kevin
Bank’s
Glenn,
Suffolk
the
branch,
testified that Brandon was present when his father, Woodard,
instructed Glenn to “wrap ... up” certain costs of the remodel
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of Brandon’s personal residence into the invoices that the Bank
was paying for the remodel of its Suffolk branch.
J.A. 6634.
Glenn testified that he inflated those invoices as instructed,
and that the Bank paid them.
jury,
is
sufficient
to
This evidence, if believed by the
support
conspiracy to commit bank fraud.
Brandon’s
conviction
for
We therefore affirm Brandon’s
conviction on this count. 2
IV.
Based
on
the
foregoing,
Appellants’
convictions
and
Brandon’s sentence are hereby
AFFIRMED.
2
We have reviewed the record as to all of Appellants’
challenges and find no reversible error in any of them.
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