US v. Jonathan Allen
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 2:11-cr-00192-RAJ-TEM-1 Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999384796].. [13-4801]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 13-4801
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
JONATHAN RAY ALLEN,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Norfolk. Raymond A. Jackson, District
Judge. (2:11-cr-00192-RAJ-TEM-1)
Submitted:
June 23, 2014
Decided:
June 27, 2014
Before WILKINSON, KING, and GREGORY, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Gregory B. English, THE ENGLISH LAW FIRM, PLLC, Alexandria,
Virginia, for Appellant.
Dana J. Boente, Acting United States
Attorney, William D. Muhr, Assistant United States Attorney,
Kathleen Imbriglia, Third Year Law Student, Norfolk, Virginia,
for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Jonathan
conspiracy
§§ 2,
to
Ray
Allen
interfere
1951(a)
(2012);
with
nine
appeals
commerce
counts
of
his
by
convictions
robbery,
Hobbs
Act
18
of
U.S.C.
robbery,
18
U.S.C. §§ 2, 1951(a); and nine counts of brandishing a firearm
during a crime of violence, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 924(c)(1)(A)(ii)
(2012).
He
suppressed
witnesses
argues
the
and
that
the
out-of-court
precluded
district
court
identifications
these
witnesses
should
made
from
by
have
several
identifying
him
during trial because the photo arrays impermissibly highlighted
him due to variations in the exposure of the photograph and the
color of his shirt.
After review of the record, we affirm.
We review the district court’s factual findings for
clear error and its legal conclusion that the identifications
were admissible de novo.
United States v. Saunders, 501 F.3d
384, 389 (4th Cir. 2007).
“Due process principles prohibit the
admission at trial of an out-of-court identification obtained
through procedures ‘so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise
to
a
very
substantial
misidentification.’”
U.S.
377,
384
likelihood
of
irreparable
Id. (quoting Simmons v. United States, 390
(1968)).
If
the
identification
procedure
was
unduly suggestive, the identification is admissible if it “was
nevertheless
reliable
circumstances.”
in
the
Id. at 389-90.
2
context
of
all
of
the
Where a witness’ out-of-court
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photo
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identification
is
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unreliable
and
inadmissible,
court identification is also inadmissible.
any
in-
Simmons, 390 U.S. at
383-84; see Saunders, 501 F.3d at 390.
The record supports the district court’s finding that
any variation in appearance in the various photo arrays between
Allen’s
photos
and
the
others
was
insignificant
and
render the photo arrays themselves unduly suggestive.
did
not
Moreover,
the procedures used by police in displaying the arrays reinforce
this conclusion.
See United States v. Gray, 491 F.3d 138, 148
(4th
(holding
Cir.
2007)
introduced
during
later
this
court
proceedings
may
consider
that
evidence
confirms
the
correctness of the district court’s findings).
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
We
dispense
with
oral
argument
because
the
facts
and
legal
contentions are adequately presented in the material before this
court and argument will not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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