Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, I v. The Hoffman Family, LLC
Filing
UNPUBLISHED AUTHORED OPINION filed. Originating case number: 1:13-cv-01011-AJT-JFA. Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999561121]. [14-1454]
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 1 of 10
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 14-1454
JONES LANG LASALLE AMERICAS, INC., a Maryland corporation,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
THE HOFFMAN FAMILY, LLC, a
company; HOFFMAN BUILDINGS,
partnership,
Virginia
L.P., a
limited liability
Virginia limited
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Alexandria.
Anthony J. Trenga,
District Judge. (1:13-cv-01011-AJT-JFA)
Argued:
January 28, 2015
Decided:
April 8, 2015
Before SHEDD, DUNCAN, and KEENAN, Circuit Judges.
Reversed and remanded by unpublished opinion.
Judge Duncan
wrote the opinion, in which Judge Shedd and Judge Keenan joined.
ARGUED: Stephen Michael Sayers, HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP, McLean,
Virginia, for Appellant.
John Donley Adams, MCGUIREWOODS LLP,
Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Thomas J. Cawley,
Julie M. Peters, HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP, McLean, Virginia, for
Appellant.
Jodie N. Herrmann, Charlotte, North Carolina, Brian
D. Schmalzbach, MCGUIREWOODS LLP, Richmond, Virginia, for
Appellees.
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 2 of 10
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 3 of 10
DUNCAN, Circuit Judge:
Plaintiff-Appellant
Jones
Lang
LaSalle
Americas,
Inc.
(“JLL”), appeals the district court’s entry of summary judgment
in favor of Defendants-Appellees The Hoffman Family, LLC, and
Hoffman
Buildings,
L.P.
(collectively,
breach of contract claim.
“Hoffman”),
on
JLL’s
JLL claims that Hoffman owes it $6.62
million in commission payments under a contract in which JLL
agreed
to
help
Hoffman
secure
a
federal
government
exchange for a percentage of the tenant’s base rent.
lease
in
On appeal,
JLL argues that the district court erred in concluding that a
JLL employee involved in the leasing efforts was required to
have a Virginia real estate salesperson’s license, and that the
consequence of the employee’s failure to be so licensed was a
total
forfeiture
of
JLL’s
commission.
For
the
reasons
that
follow, we reverse the district court’s determination that, as a
matter of law, JLL was precluded from recovering any commission
under the lease agreement, and remand for further proceedings.
I.
A.
JLL is a real estate business that, at all times relevant
here, had a firm license issued by the Virginia Real Estate
Board.
Virginia.
Hoffman
owns
tracts
of
real
property
in
Alexandria,
In August 2007, Hoffman and JLL signed a leasing
3
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
agreement (the “Agreement”).
Pg: 4 of 10
In the Agreement, Hoffman retained
JLL to act as the exclusive leasing agent for landholdings that
included property located at 2401 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria,
Virginia
addressed
(the
“Property”).
JLL’s
Section
services
directed
Government leases for Hoffman.
inter
alia,
strategy
“[a]ssist
for
with
positioning
4.12
of
towards
the
Agreement
obtaining
U.S.
This section required JLL to,
the
the
development
Property
for
of
an
overall
site/building
selection by the Government” and “[a]ssist in the negotiation of
the
[Government]
lease
award
to
[Hoffman].”
J.A.
39.
The
Agreement also provided that, if JLL’s efforts resulted in the
lease of any of these properties, JLL would be entitled to a
commission equal to 2% of the lease’s base rent.
JLL assembled a Government Investor Services (“GIS”) group
to
identify
Hoffman.
and
pursue
federal
leasing
opportunities
for
As a part of that effort, JLL hired Arthur M. Turowski
after he retired from the U.S. General Services Administration
(“GSA”) in or around October 2007.
J.A. 483-85.
JLL hired
Turowski to advise JLL’s GIS team on matters related to the GSA
and the federal lease procurement process.
Turowski was not a
licensed Virginia real estate salesperson when he joined the GIS
team,
and
he
did
employed by JLL.
not
obtain
a
J.A. 486-87.
4
salesperson’s
license
while
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 5 of 10
On April 7, 2011, the GSA solicited Expressions of Interest
(“EOI”)
for
a
lease
for
a
site
to
house
the
new
national
headquarters of the National Science Foundation (“NSF”).
JLL
identified the Property as a candidate for the NSF lease and
assisted Hoffman in presenting the Property to the GSA.
The GSA selected Hoffman for the award of the NSF lease on
May 15, 2013.
On May 23, 2013, Hoffman signed the NSF lease,
and on June 7, 2013, the GSA delivered the signed NSF lease to
Hoffman and issued a public announcement of the award.
Hoffman
will receive a total base rent of more than $330 million over
the 15-year term of the NSF lease.
J.A. 19.
B.
The parties began disagreeing over JLL’s commission shortly
after the NSF lease was signed.
JLL claimed that, under the
Agreement, Hoffman owed JLL a commission equal to 2% of the NSF
lease’s
million.
base
rent,
an
amount
totaling
approximately
$6.62
Hoffman asserted that it owed JLL a total commission
of $1 million, based on what it claimed were oral agreements
reflected in written submissions made to the GSA and elsewhere.
The parties were unable to resolve this dispute, and JLL filed
an action for breach of contract on August 16, 2013, seeking
$6.62
million
in
commission
payments.
During
the
course
of
discovery, Hoffman learned that Turowski was not a licensed real
estate salesperson.
5
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 6 of 10
Both parties moved for summary judgment.
it
was
entitled
to
recover
the
commission
JLL claimed that
set
forth
in
the
Agreement because JLL procured the NSF lease and the Agreement
was
in
effect
during
the
course
of
JLL’s
leasing
efforts.
Hoffman argued in relevant part that, as a matter of public
policy, JLL could not recover any commission that might have
been payable under the Agreement because Turowski, an unlicensed
real
estate
salesperson,
was
critical
to
JLL’s
NSF
leasing
motion
for
summary
efforts.
The
district
judgment.
to
have
court
granted
Hoffman’s
The court first concluded that Turowski was required
a
centrally
real
estate
involved
in
salesperson’s
the
activities
successful bid for the NSF lease.
license
that
because
led
to
he
was
Hoffman’s
As to the consequences of
that requirement, the district court concluded “based on public
policy declared by the Virginia courts” that “Turowski’s failure
to have a license preclude[d] JLL[], as well as Turowski, from
receiving any commission with respect to the NSF lease.”
193.
J.A.
JLL timely appealed.
II.
We review de novo a district court’s grant of a motion for
summary judgment, construing all facts and making all reasonable
inferences
in
favor
of
the
non-moving
6
party.
Millennium
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 7 of 10
Inorganic Chems. Ltd. v. Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co., 744 F.3d
279, 285 (4th Cir. 2014).
Summary judgment is appropriate only
when the moving party shows that “there is no genuine dispute as
to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law.”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
III.
JLL
argues
concluding
on
that
appeal
that
Turowski’s
the
district
participation
in
court
the
erred
NSF
in
leasing
efforts rendered the Agreement unenforceable on public policy
grounds,
and
prohibited
consequently,
from
receiving
in
any
Agreement as a matter of law.
Neither
JLL
nor
valid when formed.
its
contractual
real
estate
Agreement
determining
commission
that
JLL
was
under
the
Agreement
was
payable
We agree.
Hoffman
dispute
that
the
Instead, Hoffman contends that JLL performed
obligations
licensing
in
contravention
scheme--and
unenforceable--when
of
therefore
Turowski,
who
did
the
Virginia
rendered
not
have
salesperson’s license, became involved with the transaction. 1
the
a
We
find this argument unpersuasive because it is unsupported in
1
Hoffman so argues because it submits that “Turowski’s
extensive participation in the NSF lease transaction rendered
him a ‘real estate salesperson’ in Virginia,” and therefore
required him to be licensed as such. Appellee’s Br. at 17.
7
Appeal: 14-1454
Doc: 46
Virginia law.
Filed: 04/08/2015
Pg: 8 of 10
As an initial matter, the district court imposed
a total forfeiture of JLL’s commission “based on public policy
declared by the Virginia courts” despite the fact that “[t]here
is
no
impose[]
explicit
[a
Virginia law.”
statute
total
or
judicial
prohibition
J.A. 193.
of
decision
JLL’s
that
commission]
[would]
under
Likewise, Hoffman can point to no
authority under Virginia law that would compel a forfeiture of
JLL’s commission under the circumstances presented here.
Absent
Virginia cases addressing this issue, we decline to speculate
whether Virginia courts would so hold.
While the Supreme Court of Virginia has not addressed the
enforceability of validly formed contracts performed contrary to
Virginia’s real estate licensing scheme, Virginia law is clear
on two points.
First, “a contract made in violation of the real
estate licensing statutes is illegal” and unenforceable. 2
2
Grenco
The Supreme Court of Virginia first addressed the issue of
commission payments to unlicensed brokers and salespersons in
Massie v. Dudley, refusing to enforce an agreement “made by an
unlicensed person” because “its substance [was] unlawful.”
3
S.E.2d 176, 180-81 (Va. 1939).
The court has consistently
reiterated this principle following Massie.
In Harrison &
Bates, Inc., v. LSR Corp., for example, the court held
unenforceable a contract to split commissions made between a
licensed corporation and an unlicensed firm.
385 S.E.2d 624
(Va. 1989); see also Hancock, Co. v. Stephens, 14 S.E.2d 332,
334 (Va. 1941) (holding unenforceable a contract for real estate
commissions formed by an unlicensed corporation); State Realty
Co. v. Wood, 57 S.E.2d 102 (Va. 1950) (holding unenforceable a
real estate contract that provided for the payment of brokerage
fees to an unlicensed corporation).
8
Appeal: 14-1454
Real
Doc: 46
Estate
S.E.2d
Filed: 04/08/2015
Inv.
107,
109
Trust
(Va.
v.
Pg: 9 of 10
Nathaniel
1977)
Greene
(emphasis
Dev.
added).
Corp.,
And
237
second,
Virginia “courts are averse to holding contracts unenforceable
on the ground of public policy unless their illegality is clear
and
certain.”
1954).
Wallihan
v.
Hughes,
82
S.E.2d
553,
558
(Va.
On this latter point, the Supreme Court of Virginia has
reasoned that, though “[p]ublic policy has its place in the law
of contracts, . . . that will-o’-the-wisp of the law varies and
changes
with
the
interests,
habits,
need,
sentiments
and
fashions of the day,” id., and courts are thus wary of employing
it to invalidate contracts that were valid when formed.
In the
absence of clear Virginia law standing for the proposition that
a validly formed contract for real estate commissions can later
become unenforceable through unlawful performance, we decline to
hold the validly formed Agreement unenforceable as a matter of
law on the grounds of public policy. 3
3
In light of this determination, and because the parties
agree that Turowski’s involvement in the NSF leasing efforts
began over a month after the Agreement’s valid formation, we
need not decide whether Turowski was required to have a
salesperson’s license.
Moreover, Virginia’s General Assembly
has delegated the authority to regulate the real estate
profession to the Virginia Real Estate Board. See Va. Code Ann.
§ 54.1-2105. Pursuant to this authority, the Board is empowered
to police unlicensed real estate activity by, inter alia,
issuing cease and desist orders and imposing civil penalties.
Id. § 54.1-2105.2(A), (C).
Thus, if Turowski was required to
have a salesperson’s license in order to participate in JLL’s
(continued)
9
Appeal: 14-1454
To
whether
Doc: 46
be
JLL
Filed: 04/08/2015
clear,
is
our
in
the
NSF
conclusion
entitled
payments it seeks.
Pg: 10 of 10
to
the
does
$6.62
not
purport
million
in
to
decide
commission
leasing
We hold only that Turowski’s participation
efforts
did
not
render
unenforceable as a matter of public policy.
the
Agreement
With this question
of law resolved, we return the matter to the district court to
resolve the legal and factual issues that remain in dispute,
including whether “the parties agreed to a $1 million commission
with respect to the NSF lease” in an oral agreement.
J.A. 178
n.3.
IV.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district
court is reversed and this matter is remanded to the district
court.
REVERSED AND REMANDED
NSF leasing efforts, it is within the Board’s discretion
determine the consequences of that unlicensed activity.
10
to
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?