Henry M. Jackson Foundation v. Norwell, Inc.
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Motion disposition in opinion--denying Motion for costs [999461740-3]; denying Motion attorney's fees [999461740-2]. Originating case number: 8:14-cv-01067-RWT. Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999507330].. [14-1580]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 14-1580
THE HENRY M. JACKSON FOUNDATION
MILITARY MEDICINE, INC.,
FOR
THE
ADVANCEMENT
OF
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
NORWELL, INC.,
Defendant - Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of
Maryland, at Greenbelt. Roger W. Titus, Senior District Judge.
(8:14-cv-01067-RWT)
Submitted:
November 26, 2014
Decided:
January 8, 2015
Before NIEMEYER, SHEDD, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Michael J. Schaengold, Melissa P. Prusock, GREENBERG TRAURIG,
LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellant.
Marc S. Hines, HINES
CARDER, Costa Mesa, California, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of
Military
Medicine,
Inc.
(“Foundation”),
appeals
the
district
court’s order denying its request to partially vacate or modify
a
March
2014
arbitral
award,
granting
Norwell, Inc., and confirming the award.
summary
judgment
to
We affirm.
On appeal from the district court’s evaluation of an
arbitral
award,
we
review
the
confirm the award de novo.
district
court’s
arbitration
award
circumscribed.”
Inc.,
492
in
federal
“Judicial review of
court
is
substantially
Three S Del., Inc. v. DataQuick Info. Sys.,
F.3d
520,
marks omitted).
arbitrator’s
to
Raymond James Fin. Servs., Inc. v.
Bishop, 596 F.3d 183, 190 (4th Cir. 2010).
an
decision
527
(4th
Cir.
2007)
(internal
quotation
In fact, “the scope of judicial review for an
decision
is
among
the
narrowest
known
at
law
because to allow full scrutiny of such awards would frustrate
the purpose of having arbitration at all—the quick resolution of
disputes and the avoidance of the expense and delay associated
with litigation.”
610
F.3d
849,
MCI Constructors, LLC v. City Of Greensboro,
857
omitted).
“In
arbitration
award,
(4th
order
the
Cir.
for
a
2010)
(internal
reviewing
moving
party
court
must
quotation
to
sustain
marks
vacate
the
an
heavy
burden of showing one of the grounds specified in the Federal
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Arbitration Act (the “FAA”) or one of certain limited common law
grounds.”
Id.
The grounds specified in the FAA are: “(1) where the
award
was
(2) where
procured
there
was
by
corruption,
evident
fraud,
partiality
or
or
undue
corruption
means;
in
the
arbitrators, or either of them; (3) where the arbitrators were
guilty
of
misconduct . . . ;
or
(4)
where
the
arbitrators
exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a
mutual,
final,
and
definite
submitted was not made.”
award
upon
the
subject
matter
9 U.S.C. § 10(a) (2012).
“The permissible common law grounds for vacating such
an award include those circumstances where an award fails to
draw its essence from the contract, or the award evidences a
manifest disregard of the law.”
857 (internal quotation marks
MCI Constructors, 610 F.3d at
omitted). *
Under this court’s
precedent, “a manifest disregard of the law is established only
where the “arbitrator understands and correctly states the law,
*
In the wake of the Supreme Court’s decision in Hall Street
Assocs., LLC v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576 (2008), this court
has recognized that considerable uncertainty exists “as to the
continuing viability of extra-statutory grounds for vacating
arbitration awards.”
Raymond James, 596 F.3d at 193 n.13.
Nevertheless, this court has recognized that “manifest disregard
continues to exist” as a basis for vacating an arbitration
award, either as “an independent ground for review or as a
judicial gloss” on the enumerated grounds for vacatur set forth
in the FAA.
Wachovia Secs., LLC v. Brand, 671 F.3d 472, 483
(4th Cir. 2012).
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but proceeds to disregard the same.”
Agency,
Inc.,
quotation
441
F.3d
marks
230,
and
235
Patten v. Signator Ins.
(4th
Cir.
(internal
omitted).
alterations
2006)
Merely
misinterpreting contract language does not constitute a manifest
disregard of the law.
disregard
or
modify
Id.
An arbitrator may not, however,
unambiguous
contract
provisions.
Id.
“Moreover, an award fails to draw its essence from the agreement
if an arbitrator has based his award on his own personal notions
of right and wrong.”
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
“In such circumstances, a federal court has no choice but to
refuse enforcement of the award.”
Id. (internal quotation marks
omitted).
After review of the record and the parties’ briefs, we
conclude that the Foundation fails to establish reversible error
in
the
district
Foundation’s
appeal,
court’s
claim
concerning
of
the
confirmation
error,
raised
district
ruling.
We
for
first
court’s
the
reject
construction
time
of
the
on
its
motion to partially vacate or modify as a motion for summary
judgment.
See Karpel v. Inova Health Sys. Servs., 134 F.3d
1222, 1227 (4th Cir. 1998).
Foundation’s
contention
that
We reject as without merit the
vacatur
is
required
because
the
arbitration panel strayed from the essence of a 2009 agreement
in awarding consequential damages to Norwell prohibited by that
agreement.
See Burson v. Simard, 35 A.3d 1154, 1159 (Md. 2012).
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We also reject the Foundation’s contention that, even assuming
that the arbitration panel awarded direct damages, the award
still must be vacated because the panel exceeded its authority
and
manifestly
disregarded
controlling
law
by
ignoring
and
failing to apply properly the causation requirement of Maryland
contract
law.
Contrary
to
the
Foundation’s
suggestions,
an
arbitrator need not explain his or her award, Raymond James,
596 F.3d at 191 (citing United Steelworkers of Am. v. Enterprise
Wheel
&
Car
argument
that
Corp.,
the
363
panel
proximate
cause
amounts
committed
error
in
error,
however,
U.S.
593,
reached
at
best
construing
even
if
(1960)),
an
erroneous
to
a
the
extant,
overturning the panel’s decision.
597-98
2009
claim
conclusion
that
agreement.
provides
and
no
the
its
on
panel
Such
basis
an
for
Long John Silver’s Rests.,
Inc. v. Cole, 514 F.3d 345, 349 (4th Cir. 2008) (“As long as the
arbitrator is even arguably construing or applying the contract
and acting within the scope of his authority, that a court is
convinced
he
committed
serious
error
does
not
suffice
to
overturn his decision.” (internal quotation marks and alteration
omitted)).
We further reject as without merit the Foundation’s
challenge to the arbitral award premised on the contentions that
the panel erred in construing an integration clause in the 2009
agreement in holding enforceable against the parties the terms
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email
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exchange,
id.,
and
that
the
award’s
conclusions in this regard fail to draw their essence from the
agreement.
We
reject
the
Foundation’s
contention
that
the
arbitration panel disregarded the essence of the agreement by
“fashioning an entirely novel remedy—including imposing contract
terms
upon
which
arbitrators’
the
parties
notions
had
of
never
right
agreed—based
and
on
wrong
the
that
violates . . . specific contract provisions” as unexplained.
We
also
reject
the
Foundation’s
manifest
disregard
challenge to the arbitration panel’s award to Norwell of both
damages
and
specific
case.
The
Foundation
does
preventing
the
Maryland
law
performance
as
not
breach
identify
concurrent
remedies
any
award
in
this
provision
of
damages
and
of
specific performance that the panel ordered here.
We
further
reject
the
Foundation’s
contention
that
vactur of the panel’s award is required because the panel so
imperfectly
executed
its
powers
that
a
“mutual,
definite award” was not made in this case.
final,
and
Cases addressing
this provision have vacated arbitration awards on this ground
only
when
the
arbitrator
either
failed
to
resolve
an
issue
presented to him or issued an award that was so unclear and
ambiguous that a reviewing court could not engage in meaningful
review of the award.
v.
Local
516,
500
Bell Aerospace Co. Div. of Textron, Inc.
F.2d
921,
923
6
(2d
Cir.
1974)
(ambiguous
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award); Galt v. Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co., 397 F.2d 439, 442
(7th
Cir.
1968)
(arbitrators
presented to them).
failed
to
mention
a
defense
The Foundation has not suggested that the
panel failed to consider an issue put before it and further does
not claim that the award is so unclear and ambiguous that this
court cannot meaningfully review it.
We also reject as lacking
in record support the Foundation’s contention that the award is
“unworkable”
in
relative
its
trial.
to
view
of
the
obligations
parties’
regarding
an
existing
positions
clinical
Nothing in the arbitral award requires the Foundation to
continue the trial as it claims.
merit
conflicting
the
Foundation’s
Finally, we reject as without
remaining
extraneous
arguments
for
overturning the award.
Accordingly, because the Foundation fails to establish
reversible error in the district court’s confirmation of the
arbitral
award,
we
affirm
its
judgment.
We
deny
Norwell’s
request and motion for the award of attorney’s fees, costs, and
damages and dispense with oral argument because the facts and
legal
before
contentions
this
court
are
adequately
and
argument
presented
would
not
in
aid
the
the
materials
decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
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