Douglas Skinner v. Loudoun County
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 1:14-cv-00006-LO-TRJ Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999525602].. [14-1798]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 14-1798
DOUGLAS SKINNER,
Plaintiff – Appellant,
v.
LOUDOUN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL
SERVICES,
HUMAN
RESOURCES
DIVISION;
LOUDOUN
COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF FIRE RESCUE AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; WILLIAM
KEITH BROWER; JOSE SALAZAR; ROGER MARTIN; JAMES WILLIAMS;
PATTY RUSSELL; STEVEN VAN WINKLE; FRANK HOLTZ; ROBERT NOE;
COREY PARKER; STEPHEN NACY; MATTHEW BISGAIER; KAREN REIDY;
JAMES CROMER,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Alexandria.
Liam O’Grady, District
Judge. (1:14-cv-00006-LO-TRJ)
Submitted:
January 30, 2015
Decided:
February 9, 2015
Before KING, SHEDD, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Thomas K. Plofchan, Jr., WESTLAKE LEGAL GROUP, Potomac Falls,
Virginia, for Appellant. Julia B. Judkins, BANCROFT, MCGAVIN,
HORVATH & JUDKINS, P.C., Fairfax, Virginia, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Douglas
Skinner
appeals
from
the
district
court’s
orders granting summary judgment on his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2012)
complaint, which alleged federal and state due process claims as
well
as
a
related
challenges
the
state
denial
claim
of
of
his
defamation.
motion
for
Skinner
also
reconsideration.
Skinner’s claims arise from his termination from his job as an
emergency
medical
services
training
officer
with
the
Loudoun
County Department of Fire Rescue and Emergency Management.
was
terminated
head.
for
striking
a
student
(Stephen
Nacy)
in
He
the
For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.
I.
Skinner first asserts that he had a due process right
to know the substance of the evidence asserted by Loudoun County
prior to his termination.
undisputed
that
constitutionally
employment.
Skinner
protected
At the time of his termination, it is
was
a
public
property
employee
interest
in
his
with
a
continued
As such, he could not be fired without due process.
Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 538 (1985).
Thus,
Skinner
was
entitled,
prior
to
his
termination,
to
be
given “oral or written notice of the charges against him, an
explanation of the employer’s evidence, and an opportunity to
present his side of the story.”
2
Loudermill, 470 U.S. at 546;
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see Riccio v. County of Fairfax, 907 F.2d 1459, 1463 (4th Cir.
1990).
Skinner
has
never
claimed
that
he
did
not
receive
notice of Loudoun County’s intent to terminate his employment or
that he did not have an opportunity to present his side of the
story.
Skinner does, however, contend that Defendants failed to
provide him with an explanation of its evidence.
While Skinner
admits that he was made aware of the allegations against him, he
avers
that
he
was
never
told
what
the
actual
evidence
was.
Specifically, Skinner was not aware, prior to his termination,
of the identity of an eyewitness (Nathan Wise), that Nacy had
told someone else that Skinner struck him, or that Nacy had sent
a relevant email.
However,
Skinner
cites
no
case
law
supporting
his
assertions that he was entitled, prior to his termination, to
names
of
eyewitnesses,
names
and
details
witnesses, and corroborating documents.
of
corroborating
“Due process does not
mandate that all evidence on a charge or even the documentary
evidence be provided, only that such descriptive explanation be
afforded as to permit [the employee] to identify the conduct
giving rise to the dismissal and thereby to enable him to make a
response.”
Linton v. Frederick County, 964 F.2d 1436, 1440 (4th
Cir. 1992); see also Ryan v. Illinois Dep’t of Children & Family
Svcs,
185
F.3d
751,
761-62
(7th
3
Cir.
1999)
(holding
that
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employee is entitled to an explanation of why he is being fired
but not all relevant documentary support); Harrison v. Wille,
132
F.3d
679,
684
(11th
Cir.
1998)
(opining
that
Loudermill
requires only that the employee be given “the opportunity to
respond
after
being
confronted
with
the
charges”
(internal
quotation marks omitted)); Crocker v. Fluvanna County Bd. of
Pub.
Welfare,
“explanation
859
of
F.2d
17
charges”
the
14,
(4th
was
Cir.
sufficient
1988)
to
(finding
satisfy
due
process).
The record makes clear that Skinner was informed that
he was charged, on a specific date, with harassing, hitting, and
kicking Nacy.
He also was told that there was another witness
to the altercation.
Skinner understood the charges sufficiently
to prepare a detailed response, and there is no evidence that
Skinner
charges.
misunderstood
Accordingly,
or
we
expressed
conclude
any
confusion
that
Skinner
about
the
received
a
sufficient explanation of the evidence against him.
II.
Next, Skinner contends that he was deprived of his
right to confront Nacy before and after his termination.
did
not
country;
testify
his
at
Skinner’s
hearsay
hearing
statements
as
were
examination of the County’s investigator.
he
was
admitted
out
Nacy
of
the
through
the
Skinner concedes that
he has no Sixth Amendment right to confrontation in a civil
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but
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he
asserts
that
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he
has
a
due
process
right
to
confrontation under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment.
There is no absolute due process right to confront and
cross-examine
an
accuser
in
such
a
balancing test should be conducted.
situation;
instead,
a
See Rodgers v. Norfolk Sch.
Bd., 755 F.2d 59, 63 (4th Cir. 1985) (holding that deprivation
of direct confrontation of accusers was not an “indispensable
element of due process” and that, instead, it was proper to
weigh the other procedural safeguards given in the case against
“the obvious countervailing risks of emotional trauma” for the
accusers); Papapetropoulous v. Milwaukee Transp. Svcs., 795 F.2d
591,
598
outlined
(7th
in
Cir.
Mathews
1986)
v.
(applying
Eldridge,
the
424
three
U.S.
factor
319,
335
test
(1976):
(1) the private interest affected; (2) the risk of an erroneous
deprivation
and
the
probable
value
of
additional
procedural
safeguards; and (3) the Government’s interest).
In the instant case, the weighing of the appropriate
factors leads to the conclusion that Skinner was not deprived of
due process.
He was informed of the charges against him, the
name of his accuser, and the fact that there was at least one
other eyewitness to the incident.
At the hearing, he presented
evidence, testified on his own behalf, called a corroborating
witness, and cross-examined Loudoun County’s witnesses.
Nacy’s
hearsay statements to the investigator were corroborated by an
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email
and
by
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eyewitness
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testimony,
and
because he was deployed in Afghanistan.
Nacy
was
not
present
While Skinner contends
that he was prevented from asking questions regarding Nacy’s
motivations, impression, and agenda, he could have offered that
evidence (if there was any) through other sources and/or could
have
subpoenaed
Nacy’s
Nacy
appearance.
and
On
moved
appeal,
for
a
Skinner
continuance
does
not
to
permit
present
exculpatory statements or evidence he hoped to elicit.
any
Given
the remaining procedural safeguards in place, the lack of any
evidence of prejudice, and the fact that Nacy was deployed in
Afghanistan, we conclude that Skinner was not unconstitutionally
deprived of an opportunity to challenge his termination.
III.
Skinner avers that Loudoun County’s failure to comply
with Loudoun County Human Resources Personnel Policies (“LCPPP”)
§ 11.11(B) violated his due process rights because he was not
able to review relevant documents with enough time to prepare
his defense.
Section 11.11(B) provides for an employee’s access
to “relevant files” at least ten days prior to the hearing.
Setting aside the hotly disputed question of whether Loudoun
County violated the County ordinance at all, 1 we conclude that,
1
Skinner concedes that violation of a county ordinance
would not contravene federal due process, see Morris v. City of
Danville, 744 F.2d 1041, 1048 n.9 (4th Cir. 1984). Instead, he
(Continued)
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even if there was error, Skinner has not shown a due process
violation.
Again, the sufficiency of the procedures employed in
any particular situation must be judged in light of the parties,
the subject matter, and the circumstances.
Grimes v. Nottoway
Cnty. Sch. Bd., 462 F.2d 650, 653 (4th Cir. 1972).
Although
Skinner received most relevant documents pursuant to the Freedom
of Information Act (“FOIA”), he asserts that his FOIA requests
only resulted in redacted documents that did not identify the
potential
eyewitnesses.
Moreover,
the
documents
produced
by
Loudoun County five days prior to the hearing identified Nathan
Wise as a witness but did not indicate that he was one of the
eyewitnesses.
As such, Skinner avers that he was not able to
adequately prepare to defend himself.
Loudoun County made it clear that Skinner could review
their files if he so requested, even though in the County’s
opinion Skinner had missed the ten-day deadline.
However, the
joint appendix does not show that Skinner ever requested any
files or documents.
Moreover, he was clearly aware that the
investigator’s notes identified eyewitnesses, and he could have
requested to review the unredacted notes.
Finally, given the
contends that “LCPPP 11.11(B) does not grant more procedural
rights than what is protected by the Constitution.”
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procedural protections discussed above that Skinner did receive,
the failure to show prejudice, and the lack of any absolute
right
to
the
identification
documents,
the
specific
and
process
production
afforded
to
of
relevant
Skinner
was
constitutionally adequate.
IV.
Finally,
Skinner
argues
that
his
defamation
claims
were improperly dismissed for failure to produce evidence of
malice.
Skinner avers that his allegations that the Defendants
“intentionally
made
false
statements
to
the
County”
were
sufficient for a reasonable inference that the Defendants acted
with malice.
Moreover, he asserts that the claim was dismissed
prior to an answer being filed and before any discovery was
exchanged, so any ruling was premature.
the
district
court
improperly
weighed
Skinner contends that
the
facts
alleged
and
contained in the record and usurped the role of the jury.
However,
after
Defendants
filed
their
motion
for
summary judgment, Skinner did not address the defamation claim
in his response, his own motion for summary judgment, or his
reply.
He objected, for the first time, in his motion for
reconsideration.
Moreover,
even
8
in
his
motion
for
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reconsideration, Skinner did not request discovery. 2
arguments against dismissal were waived.
Scottsdale Ins. Co. v.
Flowers, 513 F.3d 546, 553 (6th Cir. 2008).
waived
any
argument
that
summary
Thus, his
judgment
Because Skinner has
on
his
defamation
claim was premature, and because Skinner presented no details or
specific allegations of malice, we reject his claim on appeal.
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the district court’s
judgment.
legal
before
We dispense with oral argument, because the facts and
contentions
this
court
are
adequately
and
argument
presented
would
not
in
aid
the
the
materials
decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
2
Skinner argued generally
inappropriate “at this juncture.”
9
that
summary
judgment
was
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