Linda Lieving v. Pleasant Valley Hospital, Inc.
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 3:13-cv-27455 Copies to all parties and the district court/agency. [999730667].. [15-1463]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 15-1463
LINDA LIEVING,
Plaintiff – Appellant,
v.
PLEASANT VALLEY HOSPITAL, INC.; THOMAS SCHAUER,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern
District of West Virginia, at Huntington.
Robert C. Chambers,
Chief District Judge. (3:13-cv-27455)
Submitted:
November 30, 2015
Decided:
January 6, 2016
Before NIEMEYER, MOTZ, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Walt Auvil, RUSEN & AUVIL, Parkersburg, West Virginia, for
Appellant. Arie M. Spitz, Brian J. Moore, DINSMORE & SHOHL, LLP,
Charleston, West Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
Linda
favor
of
Schauer,
Lieving
appeals
Pleasant
PVH’s
Valley
Chief
the
grant
Hospital,
of
Inc.
Executive
summary
(“PVH”)
Officer
judgment
and
in
Thomas
(collectively,
“Defendants”), in her employment discrimination action.
Lieving
alleged that Defendants fostered a hostile work environment in
which she was discriminated against on the basis of her sex, in
violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42
U.S.C. §§ 2000e to 2000e-17 (2012), and the West Virginia Human
Rights
Act,
W.
Va.
Code
Ann.
§
5-11-1
(2014).
On
appeal,
Lieving argues that she suffered unwelcome conduct based on her
sex and that such conduct was sufficiently severe and pervasive
to constitute a hostile work environment.
We review the grant or denial of summary judgment de novo,
“drawing reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to
the non-moving party.”
Inc.,
793
F.3d
marks
omitted).
404,
Butler v. Drive Auto. Indus. of Am.,
407
Summary
(4th
Cir.
judgment
2015)
is
(internal
only
quotation
appropriate
when
“there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
Civ. P. 56(a).
Fed. R.
“[T]he nonmoving party must rely on more than
conclusory allegations, mere speculation, the building of one
inference upon another, or the mere existence of a scintilla of
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evidence.”
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Dash v. Mayweather, 731 F.3d 303, 311 (4th Cir.
2013).
Title
against
VII
any
prohibits
individual
an
employer
with
respect
from
to
“discriminat[ing]
[her]
compensation,
terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such
individual’s . . . sex.”
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1) (2012).
Because “an employee’s work environment is a term or condition
of employment, Title VII creates a hostile working environment
cause of action.”
Walker v. Mod-U-Kraf Homes, 775 F.3d 202, 207
(4th
(internal
Cir.
2014)
quotation
marks
omitted).
To
establish a claim for a hostile work environment, an employee
must
show
that
she
suffered
“unwelcome”
harassment
that
was
based on her sex, was “sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter
the
conditions
atmosphere,”
Dal-Tile
and
Corp.,
of
was
750
her
employment
imputable
F.3d
to
413,
and
her
420
create
employer.
(4th
Cir.
an
abusive
Freeman
2014)
v.
(internal
quotation marks omitted).
Harassment is based on an employee’s sex where, “‘but for’
the employee’s sex, he or she would not have been the victim of
the discrimination.”
Wrightson v. Pizza Hut of Am., Inc., 99
F.3d 138, 142 (4th Cir. 1996).
In making this determination,
“[t]he critical issue, Title VII’s text indicates, is whether
members
of
one
sex
are
exposed
to
disadvantageous
terms
or
conditions of employment to which members of the other sex are
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not exposed.”
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Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Servs., Inc., 523
U.S. 75, 80 (1998) (internal quotation marks omitted).
After
Lieving
reviewing
suffered
the
record,
harassment
based
we
find
on
her
no
evidence
sex.
There
that
is
no
reason to believe that were she not female, the alleged events
at PVH would have transpired differently.
complains
of
one
incident
aftermath of that incident.
few
sexually
suggestive
with
another
Lieving primarily
employee
and
the
But the incident, combined with a
offhand
comments
by
male
executives
during unrelated board meetings, is not sufficient to show that
Lieving suffered discrimination based on her sex.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s order granting
summary judgment to Defendants.
We dispense with oral argument
because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented
in the materials before this court and argument would not aid
the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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