Clean Air Carolina v. NC Dept of Transportation
Filing
UNPUBLISHED PER CURIAM OPINION filed. Originating case number: 5:14-cv-00863-D. Copies to all parties and the district court. [999848172]. [15-2091]
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 15-2091
CLEAN AIR CAROLINA;
WILDLIFE FEDERATION,
YADKIN
RIVERKEEPER;
NORTH
CAROLINA
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
v.
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION; FEDERAL HIGHWAY
ADMINISTRATION; JOHN F. SULLIVAN, in his official capacity
as Division Administrator of FHWA; NICHOLAS J. TENNYSON, in
his official capacity as NC Secretary of Transportation,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, at Raleigh.
James C. Dever III,
Chief District Judge. (5:14-cv-00863-D)
Argued:
May 12, 2016
Decided:
June 9, 2016
Before WILKINSON, MOTZ, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
ARGUED: Kimberley Hunter, SOUTHERN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CENTER,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, for Appellants.
Erika Barnes
Kranz, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.;
Thomas Norfleet Griffin, III, PARKER POE ADAMS & BERNSTEIN LLP,
Charlotte, North Carolina, for Appellees.
ON BRIEF: Ramona
McGee, SOUTHERN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CENTER, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina, for Appellants. John C. Cruden, Assistant Attorney
General, Jared Pettinato, Environment & Natural Resources
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Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.;
Gloria Hardiman-Tobin, Jack Gilbert, Christopher S. Jones,
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, Atlanta, Georgia; Matthew L.
Fesak, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED
STATES ATTORNEY, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellees Federal
Highway Administration and John F. Sullivan.
Scott Slusser,
Special Deputy Attorney General, NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellees North Carolina
Department of Transportation and Nicholas J. Tennyson.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:
The
Federal
North
Carolina
approved
Highway
Department
Administration
construction
of
a
of
Transportation
(collectively
twenty-mile
toll
“the
road
and
the
Agencies”)
in
western
North Carolina linking Mecklenburg and Union Counties -- the
Monroe Connector Bypass.
toll
road,
Clean
Air
Federation,
and
Conservation
Seeking to enjoin construction of the
Groups”)
Carolina,
Yadkin
the
North
Riverkeeper
filed
suit
in
Carolina
Wildlife
(collectively,
2010.
The
“the
Conservation
Groups contended that the process by which the Agencies approved
the road violated the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”)
and
the
Administrative
Procedure
Act
(“APA”).
See
National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-74 (2012);
Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 701-06 (2012).
The
district
Agencies.
court
granted
summary
judgment
to
See N.C. Wildlife Fed’n v. N.C. Dep’t of Transp., No.
5:10-CV-476-D, 2011 WL 5042075 (E.D.N.C. Oct. 24, 2011).
appeal, we reversed and remanded.
N.C.
the
Dep’t
explained
of
that
Transp.,
“NEPA
677
F.3d
On
See N.C. Wildlife Fed’n v.
596
procedures
(4th
Cir.
emphasize
2012).
We
clarity
and
transparency of process over particular substantive outcomes.”
Id. at 603.
assumptions
“Because the Agencies failed to disclose critical
underlying
their
decision
to
build
the
road
and
instead provided the public with incorrect information,” we held
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that their lack of transparency violated NEPA.
Id. at 598.
We
reserved judgment on the legitimacy of the Agencies’ analysis,
and remanded “so that the Agencies and the public [could] fully
(and publicly) evaluate” that analysis.
Id. at 605.
In July 2012, the Agencies rescinded their prior Record of
Decision and reinitiated the NEPA process.
the
Agencies
Statement
published
(“EIS”)
a
indicating
new
draft
that
they
In November 2013,
Environmental
had
Impact
“reevaluated
the
primary needs for the proposed action” and that “those needs
[had] not changed” from those in the original EIS.
In the time
after issuance of the original EIS, the Agencies had reduced
traffic congestion on U.S. 74 -- the road in question -- through
minor
improvements
nevertheless
in
concluded
the
that
infrastructure.
“while
The
providing
some
Agencies
short-term
benefit,” the minor improvements would “not meet the purpose and
need for the Monroe Connector Bypass project.”
The Agencies
thus concluded that the toll road was still “the best option”
for meeting the area’s long-term traffic needs.
In reaching that conclusion, the Agencies also reevaluated
the data that they had failed to disclose to the public during
the
original
NEPA
process.
In
order
to
evaluate
the
environmental impact of building the toll road, NEPA requires
the Agencies to compare the projected impact of building the
toll road to a “no-build” baseline of the environmental impact
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without the road.
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Previously, the no-build baseline that the
Agencies relied on had in some parts assumed the existence of
the toll road -- and in denying that assumption the Agencies had
not
been
transparent
with
the
public.
Now,
admitting
their
original error, the Agencies conducted a new no-build analysis
that properly excluded the existence of the toll road.
concluded,
however,
that
the
travel
time
and
They
land
use
projections -- taking into account the correct information -were identical to their original projections.
Agencies
confirmed
that
their
original
Consequently, the
no-build
model
was
accurate, and compared it to an updated build model based on
current data.
In
December
2013,
their draft EIS.
including
reliance
an
on
the
Agencies
held
public
hearings
on
The Conservation Groups submitted comments,
expert
their
report
prior
that
data.
criticized
In
May
2014,
the
Agencies’
the
Agencies
simultaneously released a new final EIS and a new Record of
Decision.
The
final
projections,
which
had
EIS
discussed
been
released
projected growth in the area by 2040.
that
the
previously
surrounding
counties
estimated,
estimates by 2040.
but
would
would
updated
in
socioeconomic
January
2014,
that
Those projections showed
not
still
grow
reach
as
quickly
the
as
previous
The Record of Decision thus confirmed the
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Agencies’ decision to build the road.
The Conservation Groups
again filed suit.
The Conservation Groups alleged that the Agencies violated
NEPA and the APA in four ways:
was
arbitrary
analysis
and
was
(1) the alternatives analysis
capricious;
arbitrary
(2)
and
the
environmental
capricious;
(3)
the
impact
Agencies
undermined NEPA by fostering a climate of misinformation; and
(4) the Agencies should not have issued the final EIS and the
Record of Decision at the same time.
In a lengthy opinion, the district court rejected those
challenges.
First, the court found that the Conservation Groups
did not establish that the Agencies “failed to take a sufficient
‘hard look’ at the reasonable alternatives.”
Clean Air Carolina
v. N.C. Dep’t of Transp., No. 5:14-CV-863-D, 2015 WL 5307464, at
*8 (E.D.N.C. Sept. 10, 2015).
The district court explained that
the Agencies “adequately created and compared No Build and Build
scenarios”
and
corrected
alternatives.
their
Id. at *10.
previous
flaws
in
evaluating
Second, the court found that the
Agencies had adequately analyzed the environmental impacts of
the
project
--
including
any
growth
induced
by
itself and the cumulative impacts of the project.
13.
the
project
Id. at *11-
Third, the court found that “in light of the administrative
record
as
a
whole”
the
Agencies
had
complied
requirements for public comment and transparency.
6
with
NEPA’s
Id. at *14-
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Finally, the court found that the Agencies did not abuse
their discretion in issuing the final EIS and the Record of
Decision together.
had
met
all
of
Id. at *15-16.
the
requirements
Concluding that the Agencies
of
NEPA
and
the
APA,
district court granted summary judgment to the Agencies.
*17.
the
Id. at
The Conservation Groups then filed this appeal.
Having
carefully
considered
the
controlling
law
and
the
parties’ briefs and oral arguments, we affirm on the reasoning
of the thorough district court opinion.
AFFIRMED
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