Hassan Kassem v. Eric Holder, Jr.

Filing

OPINION filed : Petition for review is DENIED, decision not for publication pursuant to local rule 206. Eugene E. Siler , Jr., Authoring Judge; R. Guy Cole , Jr., Circuit Judge and Raymond M. Kethledge, Circuit Judge.

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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 11a0501n.06
FILED

No. 10-3050

Jul 20, 2011

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

LEONARD GREEN, Clerk

HASSAN ADEL KASSEM,
Petitioner,
v.

ERIC HOLDER, JR., Attorney General
Respondent.

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PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN
ORDER OF THE BOARD OF
IMMIGRATION APPEALS

Before: SILER, COLE, and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges.
SILER, Circuit Judge. Hassan Adel Kassem seeks withholding of removal under the
Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) and protection under the Convention Against Torture
(“CAT”). The immigration judge (“IJ”) rejected Kassem’s claim and the Board of Immigration
Appeals (“BIA”) affirmed. For the following reasons, we DENY the petition.
BACKGROUND
Kassem, a citizen of Lebanon and native of Liberia, entered the United States around August
27, 2002 as a nonimmigrant visitor for business. His visa expired on November 7 of that year. After
removal proceedings commenced in October 2005, Kassem applied for withholding of removal from
Lebanon and Liberia under INA § 241(b)(3) and protection under the CAT.
Kassem fears persecution and torture by members of Hezbollah in Lebanon and Liberia in
retaliation for his purported sympathy for Israel. He alleges he operated a store in Liberia from 1988

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to 1991, where he sold replacement parts for heavy duty machinery. Although he did not realize it
initially, one of Kassem’s clients, a logging and construction company named Yona International
(“Yona”), was Israeli. Several individuals warned him to stop doing business with Yona. In 1989,
Kassem’s mother phoned him and told him that rumors were spreading in Lebanon that he had been
interacting socially with Israelis. In 1990, war broke out in Liberia and Kassem’s business
relationship with Yona ended. Kassem returned to Lebanon for four months, despite his mother’s
warnings. He lived in Beirut again, without being harmed, from April 1996 to June 1997. Kassem
claims to have received threatening phone calls in Lebanon (and one in the United States in 2003),
but not in Liberia. He admits no one has ever threatened him in person.
In 2002, Kassem traveled to the United States while his family returned to Lebanon.
Kassem’s mother continues to warn him by telephone not to return to Lebanon because it is unsafe
for him there. Kassem says he also fears for his safety in Liberia because he claims his residence
there was set on fire in 2003 and his business was looted, acts which he interprets as a message not
to return. However, he also believes no one would hurt him in Liberia if his family were with him.
Before the IJ, Kassem offered no evidence to support his claims besides his own testimony.
The IJ asked Kassem to produce corroborating evidence to prove the existence of Yona, his store,
and their business relationship. The IJ also asked Kassem why he had not obtained corroboration
from his mother. Although Kassem’s mother is illiterate, he admitted that his wife, who visits his
mother on occasion, could have taken a dictated statement from her.
In denying Kassem’s claims under the INA and CAT, the IJ held that (1) Kassem’s testimony
was incredible; (2) Kassem failed to support his claims with reasonably obtainable corroborating
evidence; and (3) even if credible, Kassem’s claims fell far short of establishing a clear probability
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of persecution or torture. The BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision on narrower grounds, holding that
Kassem failed to produce reasonably obtainable evidence to corroborate his claims of persecution
and failed to establish a clear probability of torture.
DISCUSSION
Where, as here, the BIA renders its own opinion, we review the decision of the BIA de novo.
Koulibaly v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 613, 619 (6th Cir. 2008).
An IJ’s determination regarding the availability of corroborating evidence is not to be
reversed unless “the court finds . . . that a reasonable trier of fact is compelled to conclude that such
corroborating evidence is unavailable.” INA § 242(b)(4), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4); Yinggui Lin v.
Holder, 565 F3d. 971, 977 (6th Cir. 2009) (applying the same standard to a BIA opinion).
Administrative findings of fact are reviewed under the deferential “substantial evidence”
standard, and we must treat them as “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be
compelled to conclude to the contrary.” INA § 242(b)(4)(B), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Zhao v.
Holder, 569 F.3d 238, 246-47 (6th Cir. 2009).
I. Kassem Does Not Qualify for Withholding of Removal Under the INA
Nothing in the record compels us to reverse the BIA’s finding that Kassem failed to produce
reasonably obtainable evidence to corroborate his claims of persecution. To qualify for withholding
of removal under the INA, the alien must establish that his “life or freedom would be threatened”
in the proposed country of removal on the basis of one of the enumerated grounds, such as “political
opinion.” INA § 241(b)(3)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); Ndrecaj v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 667, 674
(6th Cir. 2008). The alien seeking withholding of removal must establish a “clear probability of

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persecution,” meaning it is “more likely than not” he would be persecuted. Al-Ghorbani v. Holder,
585 F.3d 980, 994-95 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting INS v. Stevic, 467 U.S. 407, 413, 424 (1984)).
Under the Real ID Act’s amendments to the INA, when the IJ “determines that the applicant
should provide evidence which corroborates otherwise credible testimony, such evidence must be
provided unless the applicant demonstrates that the applicant does not have the evidence and cannot
reasonably obtain the evidence.” INA § 240(c)(4)(B), 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(4)(B). Even if an
applicant is credible, the failure to provide reasonably available corroborating evidence can lead to
a finding that an applicant has failed to meet his burden of proof. Shkabari v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d
324, 331 (6th Cir. 2005) (quoting Dorosh v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 379, 382 (6th Cir. 2004)).
Kassem does not show the corroborating evidence the IJ requested was not reasonably
obtainable. The BIA identified three types of corroborating evidence that Kassem could reasonably
have produced, but failed to provide a persuasive explanation for his failure to do so. First, as
Kassem acknowledged, he could have procured a letter from Yona to prove the company’s existence
and its ties to Israel. Second, Kassem could have corroborated his mother’s warnings through a
dictated statement to his wife, who lived in Lebanon and occasionally visited her. Third, Kassem
could have corroborated the threats against him by obtaining a statement from his wife, with whom
he was in regular contact. Any of these three forms of available evidence would have been probative
of Kassem’s story: that his business relationship with an Israeli company caused his harassment. See
Urbina-Mejia v. Holder, 597 F.3d 360, 368 (6th Cir. 2010) (finding an IJ’s request for a letter from
the applicant’s father to be “appropriate” because such evidence would have been available and
probative of applicant’s fears of persecution). Thus, Kassem does not qualify for withholding of
removal under the INA.
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Kassem argues the BIA erred by failing to explicitly address the IJ’s adverse credibility
determination. However, once we conclude that substantial evidence supports the stated basis for
denying relief (here, a lack of reasonable corroboration), “further review is foreclosed,” and we need
not remand for a credibility determination. Cruz-Samayoa v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1145, 1150 (6th Cir.
2010) (citing Haider v. Holder, 595 F.3d 276, 282-83 (6th Cir. 2010)).
II. Kassem Does Not Qualify for Withholding of Removal Under the CAT
Kassem does not demonstrate a clear probability of torture in either Lebanon or Liberia. To
warrant protection under the CAT, the applicant bears the burden of proving it is more likely than
not that he will be tortured if sent to the country of removal. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2).
The BIA’s determination that Kassem did not warrant protection under the CAT was
supported by substantial evidence and nothing in the record compels us to reverse. Kassem offered
no evidence that he had previously been tortured, and his only evidence that he will “more likely than
not” be tortured in the future is the same uncorroborated evidence that failed to support his
persecution claim under the INA. Although Hezbollah is arguably a Lebanese governmental entity,
see Tarraf v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 525, 527 n.2 (7th Cir. 2007), Kassem offered no evidence that
Hezbollah threatened him or that any governmental agent or entity in Lebanon or Liberia would
consent to his torture. Thus, he is not eligible for protection under the CAT.
REVIEW DENIED.

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