Luis Plata v. Eureka Locker, Inc.

Filing

Filed opinion of the court by Judge Posner. AFFIRMED. Diane P. Wood, Chief Judge; Richard A. Posner, Circuit Judge and Frank H. Easterbrook, Circuit Judge. [6839885-1] [6839885] [16-2030]

Case: 16-2030

Document: 27

Filed: 05/09/2017

Pages: 5

In the

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
____________________
No. 16-2030
LUIS A. PLATA,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
EUREKA LOCKER, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the
Central District of Illinois.
No. 12 C 1497 — Michael M. Mihm, Judge.

____________________
SUBMITTED APRIL 13, 2017 — DECIDED MAY 9, 2017
____________________
Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and POSNER and EASTERBROOK,
Circuit Judges.
POSNER, Circuit Judge. Plata, a butcher employed by Eureka Locker, a meat-processing company, sued Eureka under both state law and federal law (42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.),
charging it with having fired him in retaliation for his having filed a worker’s compensation claim against the company. He claimed that Scott Bittner, the company’s owner, had

Case: 16-2030

2

Document: 27

Filed: 05/09/2017

Pages: 5

No. 16-2030

told him he was “done” after he told Bittner that he intended
to file a worker’s compensation claim.
Bittner died suddenly while the case was in its early
stages. That left Plata the only witness to the alleged conversation. Eureka argued to the district court that the Illinois
Dead Man’s Act, 735 ILCS 5/8-301, barred Plata from testifying about a conversation with Bittner that the latter, being
dead, could no longer rebut. The statute “forbids a party to a
suit by or against a firm to testify about any conversation
with a dead agent of the firm, unless a living agent of the
firm was also present at the conversation (to testify as the
dead man himself might have testified to what was said).”
Lovejoy Electronics, Inc. v. O’Berto, 873 F.2d 1001, 1005
(7th Cir. 1989). Although Plata’s suit was filed in federal rather than state court, Rule 601 of the Federal Rules of Evidence (“Competency to Testify in General”) states that “in a
civil case, state law governs the witness’s competency regarding a claim or defense for which state law supplies the
rule of decision,” and Plata’s suit charged a violation of state
as well as federal law.
No living agent of the firm was present at the conversation between Plata and Bittner except of course Bittner, who
couldn’t testify at the trial because by then he was dead. The
district court, relying on Soghiro Service Co. v. Industrial
Comm’n, 526 N.E.2d 683, 689 (Ill. App. 1988), ruled that Plata
could testify that he had told Bittner that he intended to file
a worker’s compensation claim, but could not testify to what
Bittner had said in response. The judge reasoned that
Bittner’s alleged response—that Plata was “done”—was too
closely related to Plata’s employment contract with Eureka.
The judge also threw out Plata’s federal claims, on the

Case: 16-2030

No. 16-2030

Document: 27

Filed: 05/09/2017

Pages: 5

3

ground that they were time-barred and unsupported by evidence. The state-law retaliation claim survived, but only—
the judge said—“by the thinnest of margins.”
In arguing that the Dead Man’s Act prohibited Plata from
testifying to any part of his conversation with Bittner, Eureka relied on the provision of the Act, 735 ILCS 5/8-301, that
states that “in any action or proceeding by or against any
surviving partner or partners, or joint contractor or joint contractors, no adverse party or person adversely interested in
the event thereof [such as Plata] shall … be rendered a competent witness to testify to any admission or conversation by
any deceased partner or joint contractor" unless a surviving
partner was present for the conversation. The statute also
bars evidence of conversations with any deceased agent
“who has contracted with” an adverse party. But Plata sued
for retaliatory discharge, a common-law action created by
the Illinois Supreme Court, so it wasn’t a contract dispute.
Eureka argued that the Act bars evidence of conversations
with any deceased agent of a company, period, but this ignores the statutory language limiting the prohibition to a
conversation with an agent “who has contracted with” the
witness.
We needn’t pursue the issue of the applicability of the
Dead Man’s Act further, because Plata makes no issue of it
in this court and the district judge based his decision not on
whether Plata’s termination was a result of telling Bittner
that he was going to file a worker’s compensation claim but
instead on Plata’s failure to prove damages.
Plata was a difficult litigant, whose lawyer was allowed
by the judge to withdraw from the case after Plata refused to
respond to the defendant’s discovery requests. Plata also ig-

Case: 16-2030

4

Document: 27

Filed: 05/09/2017

Pages: 5

No. 16-2030

nored deadlines to identify proposed exhibits and witnesses
and failed to itemize the damages that he sought from the
defendant. Because he failed to comply with the court’s discovery rules, the judge forbade him to present any evidence
at trial other than his own testimony.
At the trial Plata waived opening statement, repeated his
version of what Bittner had said to him, and announced that
he was seeking $133,000 in damages—but added that this
was just the “initial part of the damages” he was seeking. He
did not explain how he had arrived at the $133,000 figure.
He did not say what he’d been paid at Eureka, how long
he’d been unemployed after being fired, or what attempts
he’d made during that period to find another job. He did reveal on cross examination that he’d worked at several places
after he left Eureka. But he did not explain whether the wages he’d received at those jobs had reduced the damages he
was seeking. Unsurprisingly the judge refused to award him
any damages.
So Plata has appealed, but his appeal brief is unrelated to
damages or to other relief that he might seek; it is devoted
instead to arguing that the court unreasonably refused to recruit a lawyer for him. That argument goes nowhere, given
his treatment of his first lawyer.
He also argues that summary judgment should have
been granted to him and that the district judge did not give
him enough time during the trial to present his case for
damages. But Plata’s thin case obviously did not warrant
summary judgment in his favor, nor did it require more time
than the judge allotted to it. We therefore find no error in the
district judge’s decision not to award Plata any relief.

Case: 16-2030

Document: 27

Filed: 05/09/2017

No. 16-2030

Pages: 5

5

The judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.