Knight, et al v. Thompson, et al (LEAD CASE)

Filing 549

ORDERED as follows: 1) Plfs' Objections are OVERRULED; 2) The 530 Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge is ADOPTED; 3) Final Judgment will be entered in favor of the Dfts and this case DISMISSED with prejudice. Signed by Honorable Judge W. Harold Albritton, III on 3/8/2012. (wcl, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
NORTHERN DIVISION

RICKY KNIGHT, et al.,

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Plaintiffs,
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vs.
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LESLIE THOMPSON, et al.,
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Defendants.
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NATIVE AMERICAN PRISONERS
OF ALABAMA - TURTLE WIND CLAN,
et al.,
Plaintiffs,
vs.
STATE OF ALABAMA DEPARTMENT
OF CORRECTIONS, et al.,
Defendants.

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CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:93cv1404-WHA
(WO)

CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:96cv554-WHA

ORDER
This case is before the court on the Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge (Doc.
#530), entered on July 11, 2011, the Plaintiffs' Objection thereto (Doc. #539), and the
Defendants' Response (Doc. #546).
The court has conducted an independent evaluation and de novo review of the file in this
case and, having done so, concludes that the objections are not well-taken and are due to be
overruled.

The Plaintiffs complain that the Magistrate Judge incorrectly deferred to prison
officials in a manner inconsistent with the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized
Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIPA) and Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do
Vegetal, 546 U.S. 418 (2006), in concluding that the Defendants carried their burden to
demonstrate the existence of a compelling interest in requiring that inmates’ hair be cut
short. “The compelling interest standard-under both RLUIPA and the Constitution–is not
one of deference but one of proof.” (Pl. Objections at 4-5) Of course, the Defendants
have a burden of proof on the compelling interest requirement, and the Recommendation
fully discussed that. The Plaintiffs' reliance on Gonzales is misplaced. The question in
that case was whether the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) prohibited the
government from applying the Controlled Substances Act to ban a religious sect's use of
hoasca, a tea containing a hallucinogen, in religious ceremonies. The Court found, as did
the courts below, that the government failed to meet its burden of proof to demonstrate a
compelling interest. But Gonzales did not involve prisons, and the Plaintiffs ignore the
fact that both RFRA and RLUIPA specifically require a court to defer to prison
administrators in considering claims of prisoners.
Much of the Plaintiffs’ objections are devoted to a discussion of least restrictive
alternatives and the fact that other prisons permit long hair. But, as noted in the
Recommendation, context matters and what happens in other prison systems is beside the
point. What the Plaintiffs want is that the court decouple deference from least restrictive
alternative so that these are considered in isolation. That is inconsistent with RLUIPA.
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Much of the Plaintiffs’ objections are devoted to a demonstration that other prisons
have different regulations and that none of the Alabama Department of Corrections’s
officials’ concerns are valid. For the reasons stated in the Recommendation, the fact that
other prison officials handle these questions differently is not determinative.
The Plaintiffs argue that the Alabama Department of Corrections’ argument
premised on lack of staff is “chutzpah.” ((Pl. Objections at 49) Put another way, the
Plaintiffs argue that the Defendants’ lack of ability and money is no reason to violate their
rights under RLUIPA. Of course, lack of funding is not an excuse for a denial of rights,
but here that is not the question. Rather, the question is whether the Defendants’ hair
regulations survive scrutiny under the RLUIPA tests. In applying those tests, the court
must do so in a manner which takes into account the reality of Alabama prisons which are
facts, not excuses. Those facts inform the answer to whether the regulation meets the
compelling interest and least restrictive means requirements. The court agrees with the
conclusion of the Magistrate Judge, based on the facts, that the Alabama Department of
Corrections' regulations restricting inmate hair length do not violate the Religious Land
Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000, 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc, et seq.
Accordingly, it is hereby ORDERED as follows:
1. Plaintiffs' Objections are OVERRULED.
2. The Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge is ADOPTED.
3. Final Judgment will be entered in favor of the Defendants and this case DISMISSED
with prejudice.
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DONE this 8th day of March, 2012.

/s/ W. Harold Albritton
W. HAROLD ALBRITTON
SENIOR UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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