Walker v. Colvin

Filing 15

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Honorable Judge Charles S. Coody on 12/22/14. (scn, )

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
NORTHERN DIVISION
JERRY WALKER,
Plaintiff,
v.
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
ACTING COMMISSIONER OF
SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant.

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CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:13-CV-754-CSC
(WO)

MEMORANDUM OPINION
I. Introduction.
The plaintiff, Jerry Walker, protectively filed an application for a period of disability
and disability insurance benefits pursuant to Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.
§ 401 et seq. His application was denied at the initial administrative level. Walker then
requested and received a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Following
the hearing, ALJ Paul Whitson Johnson also denied the claim. The Appeals Council rejected
a subsequent request for review. The ALJ’s decision consequently became the final decision
of the Commissioner of Social Security (Commissioner).1 See Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d
129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). The case is now before the court for review pursuant to 42 U.S.C.

1

Pursuant to the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, Pub.L. No.
103-296, 108 Stat. 1464, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to Social
Security matters were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security.

§§ 405 (g) and 1383(c)(3).2 Based on the court’s review of the record in this case and the
briefs of the parties, the court concludes that the decision of the Commissioner should be
affirmed.
II. Standard of Review
Under 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A), a person is entitled to disability benefits when the
person is unable to
engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result
in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period
of not less than 12 months.
To make this determination3 the Commissioner employs a five step, sequential
evaluation process. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920.
(1) Is the person presently unemployed?
(2) Is the person’s impairment severe?
(3) Does the person’s impairment meet or equal one of the specific
impairments set forth in 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1?
(4) Is the person unable to perform his or her former occupation?
(5) Is the person unable to perform any other work within the economy?
An affirmative answer to any of the above questions leads either to the next
question, or, on steps three and five, to a finding of disability. A negative
answer to any question, other than step three, leads to a determination of “not
disabled.”

2

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), the parties have consented to entry of final judgment by the United
States Magistrate Judge.
3

A “physical or mental impairment” is one resulting from anatomical, physiological, or psychological
abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques.

2

McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986).4
The standard of review of the Commissioner’s decision is a limited one. This court
must find the Commissioner’s decision conclusive if it is supported by substantial evidence.
42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Ingram v. Comm. of Soc. Sec. Admin., 496 F.3d 1253, 1260 (11th Cir.
2007). “Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance. It is
such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971); Crawford v. Comm’r of Soc.
Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1158–59 (11th Cir. 2004). A reviewing court may not look only to
those parts of the record which supports the decision of the ALJ but instead must view the
record in its entirety and take account of evidence which detracts from the evidence relied
on by the ALJ. Hillsman v. Bowen, 804 F.2d 1179, 1180 (11th Cir. 1986). The court “may
not decide the facts anew, reweigh the evidence, or substitute . . . [its] judgment for that of
the [Commissioner].” Phillips v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 1232, 1240 n.8 (11th Cir. 2004)
(alteration in original) (quotation marks omitted).
[The court must, however,] . . . scrutinize the record in its entirety to determine
the reasonableness of the [Commissioner’s] . . . factual findings . . . No similar
presumption of validity attaches to the [Commissioner’s] . . . legal conclusions,
including determination of the proper standards to be applied in evaluating
claims.
Walker v. Bowen, 826 F.2d 996, 999 (11th Cir. 1987).

4

McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026 (11th Cir. 1986) is a supplemental security income case (SSI).
The same sequence applies to disability insurance benefits. Cases arising under Title II are appropriately
cited as authority in Title XVI cases. See e.g. Ware v. Schweiker, 651 F.2d 408 (5th Cir. 1981) (Unit A).

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III. The Issues
A. Introduction. Walker was 57 years old at the time of the hearing before the ALJ
and has a 6th grade education. (R. 75). Walker’s prior work experience includes work as
a groundskeeper, material handler, industrial cleaner, and poultry eviscerator. (R. 73-74).
At that time of the administrative hearing, he held a part-time job as an industrial cleaner at
a Hyundai vehicle manufacturing plant. (R. 45-48, 73). Following the administrative
hearing, the ALJ concluded that Walker has severe impairments of mild osteoarthritis and
hypertension. (R. 24). The ALJ concluded that Walker was not disabled because he has the
residual functional capacity to perform his past relevant work (R. 29-30).
B. The Plaintiff’s Claims. As stated by the plaintiff, his claims are
1. The Commissioner’s decision should be reversed because the ALJ failed to
incorporate limitations pertaining to Walker’s right lower extremity weakness
and pain in his residual functional capacity; and
2. The Commissioner’s decision should be reversed because the ALJ erred in
relying on the physical residual functional capacity assessment completed by
a single decision-maker in arriving at his RFC assessment.
(Doc. 12 p. 3).

IV. Discussion
A disability claimant bears the initial burden of demonstrating an inability to return
to his past work. Lucas v. Sullivan, 918 F.2d 1567 (11th Cir. 1990). In determining whether
the claimant has satisfied this burden, the Commissioner is guided by four factors: (1)
objective medical facts or clinical findings; (2) diagnoses of examining physicians; (3)
subjective evidence of pain and disability, e.g., the testimony of the claimant and his family

or friends; and (4) the claimant’s age, education, and work history. Tieniber v. Heckler, 720
F.2d 1251 (11th Cir. 1983). The ALJ must conscientiously probe into, inquire of and explore
all relevant facts to elicit both favorable and unfavorable facts for review. Cowart v.
Schweiker, 662 F.2d 731, 735-36 (11th Cir. 1981). The ALJ must also state, with sufficient
specificity, the reasons for his decision referencing the plaintiff’s impairments.
Any such decision by the Commissioner of Social Security which involves a
determination of disability and which is in whole or in part unfavorable to such
individual shall contain a statement of the case, in understandable language,
setting forth a discussion of the evidence, and stating the Commissioner’s
determination and the reason or reasons upon which it is based.
42 U.S.C. § 405(b)(1) (emphases added). Within this analytical framework, the court will
address the plaintiff’s claims.
A.

Substantial Evidence Supports the ALJ’s Residual Functional Capacity
Assessment.
Walker alleges that he initially injured his right foot in an automobile accident in 1974

and is now unable to work because of severe pain in his right foot which has grown
increasingly worse since that time. (R. 59, 72). He contends that his pain ranges from five
to nine on a ten-point scale, and is approximately nine out of ten in intensity whenever he
walks. (Doc. 12 p. 7). He alleges that his right foot gives way and causes him to fall, that
the pain causes him to limp, that his ankle will not bend and sometimes swells, and that the
pain affects his ability to lift, squat, bend, stand, reach, walk, kneel, climb stairs, complete
tasks, concentrate, understand, follow instructions, and use his hands and his memory. (R.
26, 41, 44, 49).
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Walker argues that the ALJ ignored the evidence of his right foot pain and failed to
incorporate any limitations related to his right lower extremity pain into his residual
functional capacity (“RFC”) assessment. 20 CFR § 416.945(a)(2) (“We will consider all of
your medically determinable impairments of which we are aware, including your medically
determinable impairments that are not ‘severe,’ . . . when we assess your residual functional
capacity.”). However, the ALJ did not ignore the evidence or fail to incorporate limitations
relating to Walker’s lower extremity pain. The ALJ did recognize that Walker had a severe
impairment of mild osteoarthritis in his feet (R. 24) and limited Walker’s RFC to performing
medium work that does not requre climbing ladders, ropes, or scaffolds (R. 25).
However, the ALJ did not choose to credit Walker’s allegations regarding the severity
of his foot pain and the limiting effects of his osteoarthritis. An ALJ is entitled to reject a
claimant’s subjective allegations of pain as not credible, and that determination will be
reviewed for substantial evidence. Marbury v. Sullivan, 957 F.2d 837, 839 (11th Cir. 1992).
An ALJ “must consider a claimant’s subjective testimony of pain if she finds evidence of an
underlying medical condition, and either (1) objective medical evidence to confirm the
severity of the alleged pain arising from that condition, or (2) that the objectively determined
medical condition is of a severity that can reasonably be expected to give rise to the alleged
pain.” Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1560 (11th Cir. 1995). “If the ALJ refuse[s] to credit
subjective pain testimony where such testimony is critical, he must articulate specific reasons
for questioning the claimant’s credibility.” Marbury, 957 F.2d at 83.

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In this case, the ALJ found that Walker had a medically-determinable impairment of
osteoarthritis that could reasonably be expected to cause his alleged symptoms, but discussed
at great length the evidence upon which he found that Walker’s allegations lack credibility.
Walker has not offered any argument whatsoever to address any of the ALJ’s detailed
reasons for rejecting those subjectively-reported symptoms as not credible. Specifically, the
ALJ explained that the objective medical findings confirmed normal muscle strength, that
Walker’s conservative treatment was not consistent with his pain allegations, and that the
results of radiology reports and electrodiagnostic studies were not significant. (R. 27-28).
The ALJ further noted:
The undersign[ed] notes that there are clearly some issues with the claimant's
behavior at the physical consultative examination with Dr. Babb. During
exam, he favored his right foot with an obvious limp but walked to his car with
no limp per Dr. Babb. Moreover, the undersigned notes the claimant came
into the hearing room relying heavily on the use of a cane. However, at the
consultative examination, the doctor wrote the claimant did not use any
assistive devices. The medical evidence is void of any doctor prescribing a
cane for the claimant. In sum, the claimant's behavior at the consultative
examination and the hearing, as well as his current part time work and his
search for full time work diminish his credibility in describing debilitating foot
pain.
Objectively, the consultative examiner, Dr. Babb, described the foot x-ray as
"normal" (Ex 3F). The radiologist wrote "no acute finding" and "mild
osteoarthrosis" (Ex 4F pg 12). The claimant was prescribed physical therapy
but he did not go. He was also prescribed medications but he did not fill the
prescriptions; and those medications were notably conservative in nature. The
claimant testified that his current pain treatment regimen included Advil,
aspirin and his family massaging his feet, which are all very conservative in
nature. A recent orthopedic surgeon examination revealed only "minimal
swelling" in right ankle; only "mild weakness" with 4/5 strength in all muscles
of the foot; and "good sensation of his foot" (Ex 5F). EMG and NCV studies
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showed a "few chronic denervation changes" of uncertain clinical significance
with "no definite evidence of lumbosacral radiculopathy or polyneuropathy in
the right lower limb," and the orthopedic surgeon wrote that there weren't "any
overt EMG or radiographic findings aside from minimal arthritic changes to
his right foot" (Ex SF pgs 2 and 3). Furthermore, the orthopedic specialist also
noted in the record that the claimant presented him with disability paperwork
which he was unable to sign at that time secondary to no overt orthopedic
complaint. Claimant was referred to a neurologist, but the claimant apparently
has not follow through with that referral.
....
The claimant has described daily activities, which are not limited to the extent
one would expect, given the complaints of disabling symptoms and limitations.
As mentioned earlier, the record reflects consistent work activity after the
alleged onset date . Although that work activity did not constitute disqualifying
substantial gainful activity, it does indicate that the claimant's daily activities
have, at least at times, been somewhat greater than the claimant has generally
reported. Additionally, although the claimant has received treatment for the
allegedly disabling impairments, that treatment has been essentially routine
and/or conservative in nature. Moreover, the record reveals that the claimant
failed to follow-up on recommendations made by the treating doctor, which
suggests that the symptoms may not have been as serious as has been alleged
in connection with this application and appeal. The record also shows the
claimant has gone for periods of time without refilling prescribed medications,
which suggests that the symptoms were not especially troublesome; though
financial difficulties certainly may have also been an issue. The claimant also
testified to taking over the counter medications to relieve his pain.
Additionally, although the claimant alleged in his initial application that he
stopped working because of his impairment, the claimant testified at the
hearing that he was terminated for reasons not related to the allegedly
disabling impairments.
At times during the hearing, the claimant was evasive and not fully believable
in answering direct questions about his current work, including a claim that his
coworkers trade duties with him to allow him to sit while performing his
cleaning work tasks. It is highly unlikely that management in an automotive
assembly plant would allow this, and the claimant presented no documentation
regarding special accommodations.

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(R. 27-28).
The reasons given by the ALJ for discrediting Walker’s subjective complaints of pain
are supported by the record and are in accordance with the applicable legal standards;
accordingly, there is no basis for reversal. See 20 CFR § 404.1529(c) (setting forth the
evidence to be considered in evaluating the intensity of subjective symptoms, such as pain,
including the medications and treatments used to alleviate pain, patterns and activities of
daily living, and “whether there are any inconsistencies in the evidence and the extent to
which there are any conflicts between [the claimant’s] statements and the rest of the
evidence, including [the claimant’s] history, the signs and laboratory findings, and statements
by . . . treating or nontreating source[s] or other persons about how [the claimant’s]
symptoms affect [him or her].”); Norris v. Heckler, 760 F.2d 1154, 1157-58 (11th Cir. 1985)
(“The ALJ based his credibility determination on his observations of [the claimant] at the
hearing and his finding of insufficient clinical evidence to document the severity of [the
claimaint’s] pain. . . . [T]he ALJ properly considered all the evidence presented.”).
B.

The ALJ Did Not Rely on the RFC assessment completed by a single decisionmaker.
Walker argues that the ALJ erred by considering the residual functional capacity

determination (R. 82-89) made by a Single Decision Maker (“SDM”)5 at the level of the

5

“SDMs are part of a test program of the Social Security Administration for making initial disability
determinations by non-medical experts. 20 C.F.R. § 404.906(a).” Chaverst v. Astrue, 2012 WL 5379063 at
*8 (N.D. Ala. 2012); see also 20 CFR § 416.1406 (setting forth information about the test program with
respect to SSI benefits). Alabama is one of the states in which the use of SDMs is being tested. 71 Fed. Reg.

(continued...)
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initial disability determination. Because an SDM has no medical credentials, but instead
makes the initial disability determination after consulting with appropriate medical sources,
SDM-completed forms are not opinion evidence at the appeals level, and the ALJ should not
give any evidentiary weight to the residual functional capacity determination of an SDM.
Cooper v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 521 Fed. Appx. 803, 807 (11th Cir. 2013); Siverio v.
Comm’r of Soc’ Sec., 461 Fed. Appx. 869, 871 (11th Cir. 2012).
Although the ALJ did not expressly rely on or mention the SDM’s RFC assessment
in his opinion, Walker argues that the ALJ’s reliance on the SDM is proven by similarities
between the two RFC assessments, combined with an alleged lack of any explanation by the
ALJ for his RFC determination. The two RFC assessments are similar, but this alone does
not establish that the ALJ merely adopted the SDM’s RFC assessment. It is clear from the
ALJ’s remarkably detailed discussion of the record in its entirety, including the medical
evidence, evidence of Walker’s daily activities, and the ALJ’s own personal observation of
Walker’s lack of credibility at the hearing, that the ALJ did thoroughly and independently
consider the record as a whole and independently assess Walker’s residual functional
capacity. See 20 CFR § 404.1545(a)(1) & 416.945(a)(1) (“We will assess your residual
functional capacity based on all the relevant evidence in your case record.”); 20 C.F.R. §
404.1546(c) ( “Responsibility for assessing residual functional capacity at the administrative
law judge hearing . . . level. If your case is at the administrative law judge hearing level . .
(...continued)
45,890 (August 10, 2006).

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., the administrative law judge ... is responsible for assessing your residual functional
capacity.”).
Accordingly, Walker has not demonstrated reversible error merely because the SDM’s
RFC assessment happened to coincide with the ALJ’s own independent assessment. Cf.
Castel v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 355 F. App’x 260, 266 (11th Cir. 2009) (finding no error
caused by “the ALJ’s reference to th[e] DDS report,” which “merely confirmed [the]
objective medical evidence”); Black v. Colvin, No. 3:11 cv--1008–CSC, 2013 WL 1278938,
* 3 (M.D. Ala. 2013) (finding no error where the ALJ noted the opinion of the SDM but
nevertheless independently assessed the claimant’s residual functional capacity based on all
of the evidence in the record).
IV.

Conclusion

For the reasons as stated, the court concludes that the decision of the Commissioner
should be affirmed. See Landry v. Heckler, 782 F.2d 1551, 1551-52 (11th Cir. 1986)
(“Because the factual findings made by the [ALJ] . . . are supported by substantial evidence
in the record and because these findings do not entitle [the claimant] to disability benefits
under the appropriate legal standard, we affirm.”).
The Court will enter a separate final judgment.
Done this 22nd day of December, 2014.
/s/Charles S. Coody
CHARLES S. COODY
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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