Sewell v. United States of America (INMATE 3)
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER: It is ORDERED as follows: (1) Petitioner Timothy Jevon Sewell's 1 Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct a Sentence by a Person in Federal Custody is GRANTED. (2) The sentence, entered in United States v. Sewe ll, No. 2:03-CR-232 (M.D. Ala. Oct. 26, 2005), is VACATED.(3) A resentencing hearing in United States v. Sewell, No. 2:03-CR-232, is set on 1/13/2017, at 10:30 a.m., in courtroom 2-B of the Frank M. Johnson, Jr. U.S. Courthouse, in Montgomery, Alabam a. Sewell shall remain in custody pending resentencing. The United States Marshal is DIRECTED to arrange for Sewells appearance at this hearing, and the Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to provide a court reporter. (4) The deadlines in Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 32 are modified to expedite the resentencing hearing. The United States Probation Office shall prepare an addendum to the PSR, which includes information on Sewells post-conviction conduct, and shall disclose the addendum to Defen dant, counsel for Defendant, the Government, and the court on or before 12/13/2016. Any objections to the PSR addendum shall be filed under seal on or before 12/20/2016. (5) The Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to file this Memorandum Opinion and Order , along with the accompanying Final Judgment, in United States v. Sewell, 2:03-CR-232 (M.D. Ala.). (6) The Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to furnish copies of this Order to counsel, to the United States Probation Office, and to the United States Marshal. Signed by Chief Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/28/2016. Copies furnished to AR, USM, counsel, and USPO as directed; copy furnished to Criminal.(dmn, )
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
NORTHERN DIVISION
TIMOTHY JEVON SEWELL,
Petitioner,
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent.
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) CASE NO. 2:16-CV-460-WKW
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[WO]
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MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Petitioner Timothy Jevon Sewell obtained authorization under 28 U.S.C. §§
2252(h)(2) and 2244(b)(3) from the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals to file a
second or successive 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion. This is that motion. (Doc. # 1.)
Sewell moves the court to correct his sentence under Johnson v. United States, 135
S. Ct. 2551 (2015), which voided for vagueness the residual clause of the Armed
Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), and which applies retroactively
to cases on collateral review. See Welch v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1257 (2016).
In a prior Order, the court found that Sewell no longer has three predicate convictions
to support an ACCA-enhanced sentence on his conviction for being a felon in
possession of a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) (Count 4) and that,
therefore, his ACCA sentence is unlawful. (Doc. # 11.) However, because Sewell’s
180-month sentence on Count 4 runs concurrently with a 250-month sentence on his
drug-trafficking convictions (Counts 1 and 2), the court held in abeyance a ruling on
Sewell’s § 2255 motion and required the parties to provide additional briefing on
two issues: (1) Whether Sewell should be resentenced under the sentencing package
doctrine or the concurrent sentence doctrine; and, (2) if resentencing is appropriate
under the sentencing package doctrine, which version of the advisory Sentencing
Guidelines governs at a resentencing hearing following a successful § 2255 motion.
This Order addresses these two issues.
I. DISCUSSION
A.
Resentencing under the sentencing package doctrine is warranted.
Sewell and the government advocate for application of the sentencing package
doctrine. The sentencing package doctrine is a “common judicial practice grounded
in a basic notion” that “sentencing on multiple counts is an inherently interrelated,
interconnected, and holistic process which requires a court to craft an overall
sentence—the ‘sentence package’—that reflects the guidelines and the relevant [18
U.S.C.] § 3553(a) factors.”1 United States v. Fowler, 749 F.3d 1010, 1015 (11th Cir.
2014). The presumption is that “sentences on each count of a multi-count indictment
are part of a package” and that a successful attack on the sentence of some but not
all counts unbundles that package, authorizing the district court to revisit the entire
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The differences between the sentencing package and concurrent sentence doctrines are
addressed in the prior order (Doc. # 11); hence, elaboration is not required here.
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sentence. Id. at 1017. This doctrine applies whether the resentencing occurs in a
§ 2255 proceeding or on remand from a direct appeal. Id.
Accordingly, it is appropriate to resentence Sewell on all counts if the drugtrafficking and firearms counts are interdependent, and they are. “Counts grouped
together pursuant to the sentencing guidelines are interdependent.” Willits v. United
States, No. 2:04-CR-100-FTM-33CM, 2016 WL 1670580, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 26,
2016) (citing United States v. Rozier, 485 F. App’x 352, 356 (11th Cir. 2012)
(observing that the defendant’s grouped counts were interconnected)).
The
presentence investigation report, which the probation officer prepared for Sewell’s
original sentencing hearing, grouped Counts 1, 2, and 4 under United States
Sentencing Guideline § 3D1.1(a) and § 3D1.2(d). The counts were grouped because
the felon-in-possession count embodied conduct, i.e., possession of a dangerous
weapon, that was a specific offense characteristic that enhanced the base offense
level for the drug-trafficking counts, and the base offense level was determined
largely based upon the quantity of the controlled substance.
See U.S.S.G.
§§ 3D1.1(a), 3D1.2(d). Hence, because the total offense level under the Sentencing
Guidelines was based upon a single calculation that grouped the counts of conviction
together, the counts are interdependent. The sentencing package now has been
disrupted by the inclusion of an unlawful ACCA-enhanced sentence on Count 4,
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and, under the sentencing package doctrine, resentencing on all counts is the
appropriate form of relief.
B.
The court will apply the version of the Sentencing Guidelines in effect on
the date of resentencing.
Complying with the court’s directive, the parties have briefed which version
of the advisory Sentencing Guidelines should govern at the resentencing hearing.
Again, the parties are in agreement. They contend that the court should apply the
Sentencing Guidelines in effect at the time of sentencing.
The general rule is that, in fashioning a sentence, the district court should
consider the guidelines that “are in effect on the date the defendant is sentenced.”
18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(4)(A)(ii); see also U.S.S.G. § 1B1.11 (“The court shall use the
Guidelines Manual in effect on the date that the defendant is sentenced.”). There are
exceptions to this rule, but those exceptions do not apply here.
First,
§ 3553(a)(4)(A)(ii) expressly excludes from its rule cases that fall within 18 U.S.C.
§ 3742(g). Section 3742(g) pertains to a resentencing after remand from the court
of appeals and, thus, is not relevant here.2 Second, the general rule gives way where
application of the guidelines in effect on the date the defendant is sentenced would
2
Neither the parties nor the court uncovered any decision in the Eleventh Circuit that
applied § 3742(g) in the context of a post-§ 2255 resentencing hearing. The Eighth Circuit—
which appears to be the only circuit decision to speak directly to the issue at hand—concluded
that, at a de novo resentencing under § 2255, the district court “applie[s] the guidelines in effect at
the time of resentencing, not at the time of the original sentencing.” United States v. Tidwell, 827
F.3d 761, 764 (8th Cir. 2016).
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violate the Ex Post Facto Clause. See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.11(b)(1). Neither party
contends that the use of the current guidelines works to Sewell’s disadvantage.
Hence, the general rule of § 3553(a)(4)(A)(ii) applies. In sum, based upon careful
consideration of the arguments of counsel and the applicable law, Sewell’s new
sentence will be calculated based on the 2016 version of the Sentencing Guidelines.
II. CONCLUSION
Because Sewell does not have three qualifying predicate offenses under the
ACCA, his sentence enhancement under the ACCA is illegal. Sewell’s § 2255
motion will be granted; his sentence will be vacated; and his criminal case will be
set for resentencing. Accordingly, it is ORDERED as follows:
(1)
Petitioner Timothy Jevon Sewell’s Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or
Correct a Sentence by a Person in Federal Custody (Doc. # 1) is GRANTED.
(2)
The sentence, entered in United States v. Sewell, No. 2:03-CR-232
(M.D. Ala. Oct. 26, 2005), is VACATED.
(3)
A resentencing hearing in United States v. Sewell, No. 2:03-CR-232, is
set on January 13, 2017, at 10:30 a.m., in courtroom 2-B of the Frank M. Johnson,
Jr. U.S. Courthouse, in Montgomery, Alabama. Sewell shall remain in custody
pending resentencing. The United States Marshal is DIRECTED to arrange for
Sewell’s appearance at this hearing, and the Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to
provide a court reporter.
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(4)
The deadlines in Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 are modified
to expedite the resentencing hearing. The United States Probation Office shall
prepare an addendum to the PSR, which includes information on Sewell’s postconviction conduct, and shall disclose the addendum to Defendant, counsel for
Defendant, the Government, and the court on or before December 13, 2016. Any
objections to the PSR addendum shall be filed under seal on or before December
20, 2016.
(5)
The Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to file this Memorandum Opinion
and Order, along with the accompanying Final Judgment, in United States v. Sewell,
2:03-CR-232 (M.D. Ala.).
(6)
The Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to furnish copies of this Order to
counsel, to the United States Probation Office, and to the United States Marshal.
DONE this 28th day of November, 2016.
/s/ W. Keith Watkins
CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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