Crans v. Colvin

Filing 15

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER: the decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED. Signed by Honorable Judge Gray M. Borden on 10/18/2017. (wcl, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
EASTERN DIVISION
JANA L. CRANS,
Plaintiff,
v.
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

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CASE NO.: 3:16-cv-914-GMB
[WO]

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Jana L. Crans filed this action on November 22, 2016, seeking judicial
review of a final adverse decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying her
application for a period of disability, disability insurance benefits, and supplemental
security income under Titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act. Doc. 1. Crans applied
for disability benefits with an alleged onset date of March 31, 2009. Her applications were
denied at the initial administrative level. Crans then requested and received a hearing
before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) on January 7, 2015. Following the hearing,
the ALJ denied Crans’ claims. The Appeals Council rejected a subsequent request for
review, making the ALJ’s decision the final decision of the Commissioner of Social
Security (the “Commissioner”).1
With briefing complete, this case is now ripe for review pursuant to 42 U.S.C.

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Pursuant to the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, Pub. L. No.
103-296, 108 Stat. 1464, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to Social
Security matters were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security.

§§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3). The parties have consented to the entry of a final judgment by
the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b), Rule 73
of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and Rule 73.1 of the Local Rules for the United
States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama. Docs. 10 & 11. Based upon a
review of the evidentiary record, the parties’ briefs, and the relevant legal authority, the
court finds that the Commissioner’s decision is due to be AFFIRMED.
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The court reviews a social security case to determine whether the Commissioner’s
decision “is supported by substantial evidence and based upon proper legal standards.”
Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1439 (11th Cir. 1997). The court “may not decide the
facts anew, reweigh the evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner,”
but rather it “must defer to the Commissioner’s decision if it is supported by substantial
evidence.” Miles v. Chater, 84 F.3d 1397, 1400 (11th Cir. 1997) (citations and internal
quotation marks omitted). Indeed, the court must affirm the Commissioner’s decision “if
it is supported by substantial evidence and the correct legal standards were applied.” Kelly
v. Apfel, 185 F.3d 1211, 1213 (11th Cir. 1999) (citing Graham v. Apfel, 129 F.3d 1420,
1422 (11th Cir. 1997)).
“Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla—i.e., the evidence must do more than
merely create a suspicion of the existence of a fact, and must include such relevant evidence
as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support the conclusion.” Jones ex rel.
T.J.J. v. Astrue, 2011 WL 1706465, at *1 (M.D. Ala. May 5, 2011) (citing Lewis, 125 F.3d
at 1440). The court must scrutinize the entire record to determine the reasonableness of
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the decision reached. Hale v. Bowen, 831 F.2d 1007, 1010 (11th Cir. 1987). “If the
Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, the district court will affirm,
even if the court would have reached a contrary result as a finder of fact, and even if the
court finds that the evidence preponderates against the Commissioner’s decision.” Jones,
2011 WL 1706465, at *2 (citing Edwards v. Sullivan, 937 F.2d 580, 584 n.3 (11th Cir.
1991)). The court will reverse the Commissioner’s decision on plenary review if the
decision applies incorrect law, or if the decision fails to provide the court with sufficient
reasoning to determine that the Commissioner properly applied the law. Cornelius v.
Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1143, 1145-46 (11th Cir. 1991); Jones, 2011 WL 1706465, at *2 (citing
Keeton v. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 21 F.3d 1064, 1066 (11th Cir. 1994)). There
is no presumption that the Commissioner’s conclusions of law are valid. Id.
II. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must show the “inability to engage in
any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental
impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected
to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); 42
U.S.C. § 416(i). A physical or mental impairment is “an impairment that results from
anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which are demonstrated by
medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(3).
Crans bears the burden of proving that she is disabled, and she is responsible for producing
evidence to support her claim. See Ellison v. Barnhart, 355 F.3d 1272, 1276 (11th Cir.
2003).
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Determination of disability under the Social Security Act requires a five-step
analysis. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). Specifically, the Commissioner must determine in
sequence:
(1) Is the claimant presently unemployed?
(2) Is the claimant’s impairment severe?
(3) Does the claimant’s impairment meet or equal one of the specific
impairments set forth in 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1?
(4) Is the claimant unable to perform his or her former occupation?
(5) Is the claimant unable to perform any other work within the economy?
McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986). “An affirmative answer to any
of the above questions leads either to the next question, or, on steps three and five, to a
finding of disability. A negative answer to any question, other than step three, leads to a
determination of ‘not disabled.’” Id. at 1030 (quoting 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)−(f)). “Once
the finding is made that a claimant cannot return to prior work the burden of proof shifts to
the Secretary to show other work the claimant can do.” Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553,
1559 (11th Cir. 1995) (citing Gibson v. Heckler, 762 F.2d 1516 (11th Cir. 1985)).
III. DISCUSSION
A.

Facts
Crans was 42 years old on the alleged disability onset date. She has two years of

college-level education and prior work experience in catering and early childhood
education.
Crans filed for disability benefits based on headaches, pain in her right knee, and
stomach ulcers. The ALJ held an administrative hearing on January 7, 2015. Following
that hearing, the ALJ found that Crans suffered from the medically determinable

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impairments (“MDIs”) of headaches of unknown etiology, history of gastrointestinal reflux
disease, history of gastritis, mild medial compartment and patellofemoral degenerative
changes, and tobacco abuse. However, the ALJ also found that none of those impairments,
or a combination of those impairments, significantly limited or is expected to significantly
limit her ability to perform basic work-related activities for 12 consecutive months;
therefore, Crans did not have a severe impairment or combination of impairments at step
two of the five-step sequential evaluation process. Based upon this finding, the ALJ
concluded that Crans did not have a disability within the meaning of the Social Security
Act, and he denied her claims. The ALJ’s analysis did not move past step two of the
five-step sequential evaluation process.
B.

Issue Presented
The only issue Crans presents for review is whether the ALJ erred in finding that

her migraine headaches2 and other combination of MDIs were non-severe at step two of
the five-step sequential evaluation process.3 Doc. 12. The Commissioner argues that the
ALJ made proper determinations supported by substantial evidence in the record as a
whole. Doc. 13. After careful consideration of the parties’ arguments, the applicable
authority, and the record, the court finds that the Commissioner’s decision is due to be
affirmed because it is supported by substantial evidence and the proper legal standards

2

Although Crans’ brief describes her headaches as “migraines,” the medical records routinely reference
her complaints of “headaches” rather than migraines.
3
These are the “issues presented” by Crans in her brief. See Doc. 12 at 1. Any other issue not raised before
the court is deemed waived. See Dial v. Berryhill, 2017 WL 459859, at *3 (M.D. Ala. Feb. 2, 2017) (citing
Simpson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 423 F. App’x 882, 885 (11th Cir. 2011) (concluding in a social security
case that issues not raised before the district court are waived)).

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were applied, as explained below.
C.

Analysis
The Commissioner determined that Crans’ MDIs, which include headaches and

knee pain, both singularly and in combination, were not severe. Crans contends that the
ALJ’s decision should be reversed because it is based on improper legal standards with
respect to the severity of her MDIs. The court, however, does not agree, as the record
reflects that the ALJ provided a comprehensive and reasonable explanation for finding
Crans’ MDIs non-severe and this explanation is supported by substantial evidence in the
record.
The regulations define a non-severe impairment as one that “does not significantly
limit [the claimant’s] physical or mental ability to do basic work activities.” 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1522(a); Social Security Ruling 85-28. The Eleventh Circuit provides that “an
impairment can be considered as not severe only if it is a slight abnormality which has such
a minimal effect on the individual that it would not be expected to interfere with the
individual’s ability to work, irrespective of age, education, or work experience.” Brady v.
Heckler, 724 F.2d 914, 920 (11th Cir. 1984). The ALJ expressly acknowledged this
standard in his decision and further noted that the guidance provided in Social Security
Ruling 85-28—which clarifies the policy for determining when a claimant’s MDIs can be
found not severe—was carefully considered and applied to the facts of this case.
The ALJ rejected Crans’ claims that she suffered from severe MDIs for several
reasons. First, the ALJ noted Crans’ admission that her MDIs do not interfere with her
ability to perform many activities of daily living, such as tending to her personal care,
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preparing meals, doing household chores, shopping, paying bills, and counting change.
Second, while the medical records reflect that Crans complained to medical providers of
constant headaches and intermittent knee and stomach pain, there is no indication in the
record that she was ever in acute distress, and the record also reflects that her MDIs were
treated conservatively with medication. Third, a Medical Source Statement completed by
Dr. Celtin Robertson indicates that Crans’ MDIs do not limit her ability to perform basic
work activities.4 Indeed, Dr. Robertson opined that Crans has no limitations on her ability
to walk, stand, and sit; she does not need to use an assistive device; her fine and gross
manipulation abilities are not limited; and she has no postural and environmental
limitations. The only limitation Dr. Robertson placed on Crans was to restrict herself to
occasional lifting of objects weighing 25 to 50 pounds due to pain and decreased mobility
in her knee. Finally, the ALJ found Crans’ subjective complaints about the severity of her
MDIs not credible because she claimed on two different occasions that her pain medication
had been stolen so that she could obtain refills, she rejected treatment of her right knee and
hip despite claiming that they caused her pain, and she was repeatedly described by medical
providers as neurologically intact and in no acute distress.
The ALJ’s explanation for finding Crans’ MDIs not to be severe is supported by
substantial evidence. Crans claims that she has been suffering from headaches for ten to

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“Under the regulations, ‘basic work activities’ include physical functions, such as walking, lifting,
pushing, or reaching, and also include mental functions, such as understanding, carrying out, and
remembering simple instructions; using judgment; responding appropriately to supervision, co-workers,
and usual work situations; and dealing with changes in a routine work setting.” Gray v. Comm’r of Soc.
Sec., 426 F. App’x 751, 753 (11th Cir. 2011) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1521(b)(1–6)).

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fifteen years with a disability onset date of March 31, 2009. However, when she reported
to the emergency room at East Alabama Medical Center (“EAMC”) on June 22, 2011 and
July 30, 2013 for a toothache and cut to the hand, respectively, she did not complain of
migraines or headaches, and she was noted not to be in acute distress. When Crans
presented to the EAMC emergency room on October 3, 2014, she complained of a
headache and right knee pain, but she refused evaluation of her knee and hip and only
requested a refill of her pain medication, which she claimed had been stolen. Crans was
described as “grossly intact” neurologically and not in any distress at this visit. When she
presented to the EAMC emergency room on April 3, 2014 for another headache, she
claimed again that her pain medication had been stolen, but she also reported that her
headaches were relieved with medication.
Crans was also treated on multiple occasions at Mercy Medical Clinic, which
provides primary care for residents of Lee County, Alabama who do not have medical
insurance.5

The treatment notes from those visits, however, mainly reflect Crans’

subjective complaints of headaches and—very intermittently—right knee pain, and her
prescriptions and refill requests for her pain medication. Indeed, the treatment notes consist
primarily of cursory notations by the treating medical provider and prescription refill
requests. Crucially, they contain no significant findings regarding Crans’ MDIs, including
her headaches, which form the crux of her disability claims. In fact, the record contains no
opinions from any physician indicating that any of Crans’ MDIs cause functional

5

See http://almercymedical-org.doodlekit.com/ (last visited October 17, 2017).

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limitations and would affect her ability to perform basic work activities. The only
functional limitation imposed by a physician is Dr. Robertson’s opinion that Crans should
only occasionally lift objects weighing 25 to 50 pounds due to knee pain and decreased
range of motion in her knee. However, the ALJ assigned this portion of Dr. Robertson’s
opinion only “some weight” because it was inconsistent with his own objective findings,
and the court sees no reason to reject this assessment particularly when Crans has not
challenged the specific weight the ALJ assigned to Dr. Robertson’s opinion.
In an effort to establish the severity of her MDIs, Crans points the court to her
subjective complaints of headaches to medical providers and to her testimony at the
administrative hearing, where she complained of migraine headaches lasting all day, every
day, and also testified that she had to stop working because her headaches had become so
severe and the medications she takes for them “make [her] stupid.” Crans’ subjective
allegations, however, do not compel the ALJ to find that her headaches or knee pain were
severe impairments because the ALJ did not find her testimony fully credible and
articulated clear and specific reasons for this finding. See Diel v. Astrue, 2012 WL
3231058, at *5 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 6, 2012).
Crans also contends that the ALJ committed reversible error by relying on her
inability to afford medical treatment in concluding that her MDIs were not severe. While
the ALJ did note that Crans has not received the type of medical treatment that might be
expected for a totally disabled individual, the record does not reflect that Crans’ lack of
financial means prevented her from seeking treatment. Crans was being treated at Mercy
Medical Clinic, which provides primary care to uninsured individuals. Moreover, Crans’
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references in the record to an inability to afford continued treatment are in the context of
obtaining massages and chiropractic therapy, not primary care. To the contrary, the record
indicates (although it is somewhat unclear) that Mercy Medical Clinic was attempting to
obtain additional imaging for Crans, but that she needed to turn in additional paperwork,
which she did not do.
There is no dispute in the record that Crans has complained of chronic headaches
and intermittent knee pain and that she has been diagnosed with both. However, “the mere
diagnosis of [a condition] says nothing about the severity of the condition.” Higgs v.
Bowen, 880 F.2d 860, 863 (6th Cir. 1988). “A diagnosis or a mere showing of a ‘deviation
from purely medical standards of bodily perfection or normality’ is insufficient; instead,
the claimant must show the effect of the impairment on her ability to work.” Wind v.
Barnhart, 133 F. App’x 684, 690 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting McCruter v. Bowen, 791 F.2d
1544, 1547 (11th Cir. 1986)). Crans has not identified any medical records showing the
effect of her MDIs on her ability to work or that her MDIs affected her ability to perform
basic work activities. No examining or treating source has placed disabling limitations on
Crans’ ability to work, and the simple fact that she has been diagnosed with a MDI is not
enough to establish that it is a severe impairment. See Diel, 2012 WL 3231058, at *4.
This court’s review of a determination by the Commissioner that a claimant is not
disabled is limited to whether the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and
based upon proper legal standards. See Mahan v. Berryhill, 2017 WL 3670971, at *8 (S.D.
Ala. Aug. 24, 2017). It is not the court’s place to “decide the facts anew, reweigh the
evidence, or substitute [its] judgment for that of the Commissioner,” even if the court
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would have reached a different result or the record evidence supports a different
conclusion. Sullivan v. Commr’s of Soc. Sec., 694 F. App’x 670, 671 (11th Cir. 2017);
Bekiempis v. Colvin, 2017 WL 459198, at *1 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 17, 2017). In this case,
“[a]lthough a finding that a claimant’s impairments are not ‘severe’ is unusual, the ALJ’s
opinion is thorough and addresses the medical evidence.” Gray, 426 F. App’x at 753.
Accordingly, because the Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence
and the proper legal standards were applied, the court affirms the ALJ’s decision.
IV. CONCLUSION
The court has carefully and independently reviewed the record and concludes that,
for the reasons stated above, the decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED. A final
judgment will be entered separately.
DONE this 18th day of October, 2017.

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