Cleveland v. Social Security Administration, Commissioner

Filing 12

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Abdul K Kallon on 11/16/2015. (YMB)

FILED
2015 Nov-16 AM 11:40
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
EASTERN DIVISION
JANICE CLEVELAND,
Plaintiff,
vs.
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL
SECURITY
ADMINISTRATION,
Defendant.

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Civil Action Number
1:14-cv-02071-AKK

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Janice Cleveland brings this action pursuant to Section 205(g) of the Social
Security Act (“the Act”), 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), seeking review of the final adverse
decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“SSA”).
This court finds that the Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision–which has
become the decision of the Commissioner–is supported by substantial evidence
and, therefore, AFFIRMS the decision denying benefits.
I. Procedural History
Cleveland filed her applications for Title II disability insurance benefits and
Title XVI Supplemental Security Income on November 16, 2012, alleging a

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disability onset date of August 23, 2012 due to cerebrovascular disease, attention
deficient hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, and anxiety disorders.1 (R.
59, 67). After the SSA denied her applications on March 4, 2013, Cleveland
requested a hearing. (R. 96, 110-11). At the time of the hearing on March 10,
2014, Cleveland was 58 years old, had a high school diploma, and past relevant
work as a hair stylist. (R. 24, 103). Cleveland has not engaged in substantial
gainful activity since August 23, 2012. (R. 98).
The ALJ denied Cleveland’s claim on April 7, 2014, which became the final
decision of the Commissioner when the Appeals Council refused to grant review
on August 26, 2014. (R. 1-5, 93). Cleveland then filed this action pursuant to
section 1631 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3). Doc. 1.
II. Standard of Review
The only issues before this court are whether the record contains substantial
evidence to sustain the ALJ’s decision, see 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Walden v.
Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838 (11th Cir. 1982), and whether the ALJ applied the
correct legal standards, see Lamb v. Bowen, 847 F.2d 698, 701 (11th Cir. 1988);
Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). Title 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g)

1

Cleveland filed an application for SSI on November 16, 2012 and then an application for
Widow’s Insurance Benefits (WIB) on November 27, 2012. (R.59, 60, 96).
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and 1383(c) mandate that the Commissioner’s “factual findings are conclusive if
supported by ‘substantial evidence.’” Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529
(11th Cir. 1990). The district court may not reconsider the facts, reevaluate the
evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner; instead, it must
review the final decision as a whole and determine if the decision is “reasonable
and supported by substantial evidence.” See id. (citing Bloodsworth v. Heckler,
703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983)).
Substantial evidence falls somewhere between a scintilla and a
preponderance of evidence; “[i]t is such relevant evidence as a reasonable person
would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Martin, 849 F.2d at 1529
(quoting Bloodsworth, 703 F.2d at 1239) (other citations omitted). If supported by
substantial evidence, the court must affirm the Commissioner’s factual findings
even if the preponderance of the evidence is against the Commissioner’s findings.
See Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529. While the court acknowledges that judicial review
of the ALJ’s findings is limited in scope, it notes that the review “does not yield
automatic affirmance.” Lamb, 847 F.2d at 701.
III. Statutory and Regulatory Framework
To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must show “the inability to
engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable
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physical or mental impairments which can be expected to result in death or which
has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve
months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); 42 U.S.C. § 416(I). A physical or mental
impairment is “an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or
psychological abnormalities which are demonstrated by medically acceptable
clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(3).
Determination of disability under the Act requires a five step analysis. 20
C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)-(f). Specifically, the Commissioner must determine in
sequence:
(1)

whether the claimant is currently unemployed;

(2)

whether the claimant has a severe impairment;

(3)

whether the impairment meets or equals one listed by the Secretary;

(4)

whether the claimant is unable to perform his or her past work; and

(5)

whether the claimant is unable to perform any work in the national
economy.

McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986). “An affirmative
answer to any of the above questions leads either to the next question, or, on steps
three and five, to a finding of disability. A negative answer to any question, other
than step three, leads to a determination of ‘not disabled.’” Id. at 1030 (citing 20

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C.F.R. § 416.920(a)-(f)). “Once a finding is made that a claimant cannot return to
prior work the burden shifts to the Secretary to show other work the claimant can
do.” Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1559 (11th Cir. 1995) (citation omitted).
Lastly, where, as here, a plaintiff alleges disability because of subjective
symptoms, she must meet additional criteria. In this circuit, “a three part ‘pain
standard’ [is applied] when a claimant seeks to establish disability through his or
her own testimony of pain or other subjective symptoms.” Holt v. Barnhart, 921
F.2d 1221, 1223 (11th Cir. 1991). Specifically,
The pain standard requires (1) evidence of an underlying medical
condition and either (2) objective medical evidence that confirms the
severity of the alleged pain arising from that condition or (3) that the
objectively determined medical condition is of such a severity that it
can be reasonably expected to give rise to the alleged pain.2
Id. However, medical evidence of pain itself, or of its intensity, is not required:
While both the regulations and the Hand standard require objective
medical evidence of a condition that could reasonably be expected to
cause the pain alleged, neither requires objective proof of the pain
itself. Thus under both the regulations and the first (objectively
identifiable condition) and third (reasonably expected to cause pain
alleged) parts of the Hand standard a claimant who can show that his
condition could reasonably be expected to give rise to the pain he
alleges has established a claim of disability and is not required to
produce additional, objective proof of the pain itself. See 20 CFR §§
404.1529 and 416.929; Hale [v. Bowen, 831 F.2d 1007, 1011 (11th

2

This standard is referred to as the Hand standard, named after Hand v. Heckler, 761
F.2d 1545, 1548 (11th Cir. 1985).
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Cir. 1987)].
Elam v. R.R. Ret. Bd., 921 F.2d 1210, 1215 (11th Cir. 1991) (parenthetical
information omitted) (emphasis added). Moreover, “[a] claimant’s subjective
testimony supported by medical evidence that satisfies the pain standard is itself
sufficient to support a finding of disability.” Holt, 921 F.2d at 1223. Therefore, if
a claimant testifies to disabling pain and satisfies the three part pain standard, the
ALJ must find a disability unless the ALJ properly discredits the claimant’s
testimony.
Furthermore, when the ALJ fails to credit a claimant’s pain testimony, the
ALJ must articulate reasons for that decision:
It is established in this circuit that if the [ALJ] fails to articulate reasons
for refusing to credit a claimant’s subjective pain testimony, then the
[ALJ], as a matter of law, has accepted that testimony as true. Implicit
in this rule is the requirement that such articulation of reasons by the
[ALJ] be supported by substantial evidence.
Hale, 831 F.2d at 1012. Therefore, if the ALJ either fails to articulate reasons for
refusing to credit the plaintiff’s pain testimony, or if the ALJ’s reasons are not
supported by substantial evidence, the court must accept as true the pain testimony
of the plaintiff and render a finding of disability. Id.
IV. The ALJ’s Decision
In performing the Five Step sequential analysis, the ALJ initially
determined that Cleveland had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since her

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alleged onset date and therefore met Step One. (R. 98). Next, the ALJ
acknowledged that Cleveland’s severe impairments of status post cerebral
infarction, anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder met
Step Two. Id. The ALJ then proceeded to the next step and found that Cleveland
did not satisfy Step Three since she “does not have an impairment or combination
of impairments that meets or medically equals one of the listed impairments.” (R.
99). Although the ALJ answered Step Three in the negative, consistent with the
law, see McDaniel, 800 F.2d at 1030, the ALJ proceeded to Step Four, where he
determined that Cleveland
has the residual functional capacity [RFC] to perform a full range of
work at all exertional levels except that she would be limited to work
that requires no more [than] the understanding, remembering and
carrying out simple instructions; that activity can be sustained for two
hours at a time and with normal breaks (mid-morning, lunch,
midafternoon) can be sustained over the course of an eight-hour
workday. She should be limited to no more than occasional decision
making, occasional changes in the workplace, and occasional
interaction with the public, coworkers and supervisors.
(R. 100). In light of Cleveland’s RFC, the ALJ determined that Cleveland “is
unable to perform any past relevant work,” but “there are jobs that exist in
significant numbers in the national economy that [Cleveland] can perform.” (R.
103). Therefore, because the ALJ answered Step Five in the negative, the ALJ
determined that Cleveland is not disabled. (R. 104); see also McDaniel, 800 F.2d
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at 1030.
V. Analysis
The court turns now to Cleveland’s contentions that the ALJ erred because
he improperly assessed her testimony, and thus her credibility. More specifically,
Cleveland contends that (1) the ALJ’s decision is not consistent with Cleveland’s
longitudinal medical record, (2) the ALJ mis-characterized alleged inconsistencies
in Cleveland’s work history, and (3) the ALJ improperly valued the opinion of the
non-examining physician, Dr. Robert Estock. For the reasons stated below, the
court finds the ALJ’s opinion is supported by substantial evidence.
A. Longitudinal Medical Record
As her first contention of error, Cleveland challenges the ALJ’s credibility
determination, that while Cleveland’s “impairments could reasonably be expected
to cause the alleged symptoms,” her “statements concerning the intensity,
persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely credible.” (R.
101). Cleveland disagrees and points to her longitudinal medical record, noting
that at every medical visit over a span of a year and a half, she complained of the
same series of symptoms involving her memory and concentration. See doc. 10 at
5-7. While this may be the case, Cleveland overlooks that “the mere existence of a
‘severe’ impairment, as determined in step two, does not reveal the extent to which
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the impairment limits a claimant’s ability to work.” Graham v. Comm’r of Soc.
Sec., No. 15-10047, 2015 WL 4635889, at *1 (11th Cir. Aug. 5, 2015); see Moore
v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1213 n.6 (11th Cir. 2005). Indeed, a “diagnosis alone
is an insufficient basis for a finding that an impairment is severe.” Sellers v.
Barnhart, 246 F. Supp. 2d 1201, 1211 (M.D. Ala. 2002). Rather, the determination
depends on the impact of the impairment on the claimant’s ability to work. See
McCruter v. Bowen, 791 F.2d 1544, 1547 (11th Cir. 1986). In that respect, it is
within the power of the ALJ to compare subjective complaints to the larger
medical record, and the ALJ does not err if he finds the subjective testimony is
inconsistent with objective medical evidence, and thus unreliable. See Reeves v.
Astrue, 238 Fed. App’x 507, 514 (11th Cir. 2007).
In evaluating Cleveland’s credibility, the ALJ may consider Cleveland’s
daily activities, frequency of symptoms, and types and dosages of medication. See
Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206 (11th Cir. 2005). In Cleveland’s case, the ALJ
compared Cleveland’s subjective testimony to the medical record and found
evidence contrary to Cleveland’s complaints. As the ALJ noted, no medical report
ever showed Cleveland had abnormal physical or neurological medical
examinations. (R. 248, 251, 255, 367). Additionally, the psychological
consultative examiner, Dr. Robert Kline, gave Cleveland a global assessment
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functioning (GAF) score of 85 and found no psychiatric disorder. (R. 344).
Cleveland also reported to Dr. Kline her ability to self-control her anxiety, and to
participate in broad daily activities. Id. This is hardly a record that supports a
finding of a severe impairment.
Contrary to Cleveland’s contentions, the substantial evidence supports the
ALJ’s decision to discredit Cleveland’s subjective testimony. In all, the ALJ relied
on the reports from treating primary care physicians, a treating neurologist, an
examining psychologist, and an evaluating psychiatrist that showed that Cleveland
had normal physical and neurological reactions, and mild mental health problems
controlled by medication. (R. 101-102, 85, 248, 251, 308, 344, 367). Consistent
with the medical records, the ALJ determined that Cleveland’s impairments were
not as severe as alleged. While Cleveland repeated similar symptoms to various
doctors, there is substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s determination that the
larger medical record did not support claims of severe limitations.
B. Work History
Cleveland takes issue next with the ALJ’s reliance on alleged inconsistences
in Cleveland’s work history reporting, contending that the ALJ erred by using the
alleged inconsistences to invalidate her credibility and complaints of impairments.
See doc. 10 at 8-9. The court disagrees, in part, because credibility determinations
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are the province of the ALJ. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1212 (citing Wilson v.
Heckler, 734 F.2d 513, 517 (11th Cir.1984)). In that respect, “even if the evidence
preponderates against the Secretary’s factual findings, [this court] must affirm if
the decision reached is supported by substantial evidence.” See Martin v. Sullivan,
894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir.1990). Here, however, the evidence does not
preponderate against the ALJ’s findings.
First, focusing on the two main points Cleveland raises—the time worked
and the amount earned—the ALJ found it inconsistent that Cleveland and her
daughter testified that Cleveland worked as a hair dresser for over 30 years, but
her Earnings Report showed a history of hairdressing for 42 years with only
sporadic earnings. (R. 102, 185). While Cleveland takes issue with the ALJ’s
focus on Cleveland’s daughter’s testimony regarding “38 years,” see doc. 10 at 8,
a review of the ALJ’s decision shows that he based his analysis largely on the
earnings reports, rather than the particular time frame mentioned by Cleveland’s
daughter. (R. 102). Still, even if Cleveland is correct that the ALJ improperly
emphasized that single statement, this fact is inconsequential because it does not
mean the ALJ’s entire decision is against the weight of the substantial evidence.
See Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529. After all, the ALJ mentioned other reasons for
discrediting Cleveland’s complaints of symptoms, including the medical records
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from several treating physicians, the failure to seek follow up treatment,
Cleveland’s reported daily activities, Cleveland’s reported improvement with
certain medication, and finally Cleveland’s inconsistent past work history. (R.
102).
Therefore, while the discrepancy over the amount of time Cleveland has
actually worked preponderates in support of Cleveland, the entire reasoning of the
ALJ’s decision is still supported by substantial evidence.
C. Dr. Estock’s Opinion
Finally, Cleveland contends that the ALJ improperly gave great weight to
Dr. Estock’s disability determination. Cleveland contends that that ALJ erred
because Dr. Estock never examined her, and asserts that his opinion is inconsistent
with the larger treatment records. See doc. 10 at 9. While Cleveland is correct
that the opinion of a non-examining reviewing physician is entitled to little
weight, and that the ALJ cannot rely on it alone, see Swindle v. Sullivan, 914 F.2d
222, 226 n.3 (11th Cir. 1990), Cleveland’s contentions are unavailing because the
ALJ can look at all sources to evaluate Cleveland’s subjective testimony. See 20
C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(3) (“We will consider all of the evidence presented,
including information about your prior work record, your statements about your
symptoms, evidence submitted by your treating or nontreating source, and
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observations by our employees and other persons.”). Based on the court’s review,
it is evident that the ALJ largely relied on the medical reports of Cleveland’s
treating physicians and Cleveland’s own self-reporting, rather than primarily on
Dr. Estock. See (R. 101-02, 248, 251, 308, 344, 367). Moreover the reports of the
treating physicians and Cleveland’s own reports are consistent with Dr. Estock’s
findings. Therefore, the ALJ committed no error in giving weight to Dr. Estock’s
opinions.
Ultimately, Cleveland must meet her burden of proving that she is disabled.
See 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(c). Notwithstanding Cleveland’s unsubstantiated
assertions to the contrary, the record evidence simply does not support her
disability claim. Therefore, the court finds that the ALJ’s decision is supported by
substantial evidence.
VI. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, the court concludes that the ALJ’s determination
that Cleveland is not disabled is supported by substantial evidence, and that the
ALJ applied proper legal standards in reaching this determination. Therefore, the
Commissioner’s final decision is AFFIRMED. A separate order in accordance
with the memorandum of decision will be entered.

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Done the 16th day of November, 2015.

________________________________
ABDUL K. KALLON
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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