Prestwood v. Discover Bank et al

Filing 7

MEMORANDUM OF OPINION. Signed by Judge Virginia Emerson Hopkins on 5/20/2015. (JLC)

FILED
2015 May-20 PM 04:31
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
EASTERN DIVISION
TAMMY PRESTWOOD,
Plaintiff,
v.
DISCOVER BANK and JOHN
NATHAN,
Defendants.

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) Case No.: 1:15-CV-354-VEH
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MEMORANDUM OF OPINION
I.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Pending before the court is the In Forma Pauperis Affidavit and application to

commence this case without prepayment of fees, costs, or security. (Doc. 2) (the “IFP
Petition”). On March 11, 2015, this court conducted a frivolity determination
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915, and ordered the plaintiff to re-plead her complaint by
April 1, 2015. (Doc. 5 at 5-6). In that order, the court stated that “[s]hould the
Amended Complaint not be filed by April 1, 2015, the court will dismiss this case
for the reasons stated [in document 5], and for want of prosecution.” (Doc. 5 at
6) (emphasis in original). The plaintiff did file an Amended Complaint, albeit late,
on April 6, 2015. (Doc. 6).

II.

STANDARD
Title 28 U.S.C. § 1915 governs proceedings in forma pauperis for nonprisoner

plaintiffs. See Martinez v. Kristi Kleaners, Inc., 364 F.3d 1305, 1306 n.1 (11th Cir.
2004) (“Despite the statute’s use of the phrase ‘prisoner possesses,’ the affidavit
requirement applies to all persons requesting leave to proceed IFP.”); see also Haynes
v. Scott, 116 F.3d 137, 140 (5th Cir. 1997) (“We agree with the analysis of the Sixth
Circuit and hold that the affidavit requirement of section 1915(a)(1) applies to all
persons applying to proceed i.f.p.”). The statute also provides that
[n]otwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have
been paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court
determines that . . . the action or appeal . . . is frivolous or malicious[,]
fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted[,] or seeks monetary
relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.
28 U.S.C.A. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(I), (ii), (iii).”An issue is frivolous when it appears that
‘the legal theories are indisputably meritless.’” Ghee v. Retailers Nat. Bank, 271 F.
App'x 858, 859 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting Carroll v. Gross, 984 F.2d 392, 393 (11th
Cir. 1993)). In other words, an IFP action is frivolous “if it is without arguable merit
either in law or fact .... [A]rguable means capable of being convincingly argued.” Id.
at 859-60 (citing Bilal v. Driver, 251 F.3d 1346, 1349 (11th Cir. 2001), and Sun v.
Forrester, 939 F.2d 924, 925 (11th Cir. 1991)) (internal quotations and citations
omitted).
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III.

ALLEGATIONS IN THE COMPLAINT
The complaint names as defendants “Discover Bank issuer of Discover Card,”

(“Discover Bank”) and “John Nathan of Nathan & Nathan P.C., Counsel [for]
Discover Bank,” (“Nathan”). (Doc. 6 at 1). According to the complaint, on January
24, 2009, Prestwood reached an agreement with Discover Bank that she owed a
certain sum of money to that defendant, but that, in fact, she actually owed the money
to an entity known as “Discover Financial Services, LLC” (“Discover Financial”).
Based on this agreement, on February 20, 2009, a consent judgment was entered in
an Alabama state court against the plaintiff, and in favor of Discover Bank. On
October 10, 2012, a process of garnishment was issued to Regions Bank, by the state
court, in an attempt to collect on the aforementioned judgment.
The Amended Complaint alleges that the garnishment sought any and all
accounts under the plaintiff’s name, but that the only account at the garnishee’s
institution “was a Business Preferred Personal Checking [Account], which had
Jimmey L[.] Prestwood or Tammy Ladawn Prestwood on it.” (Doc. 6 at 1-2). The
Amended Complaint then outlines the various attempts the plaintiff took in the state
court to prevent the garnishment and unfreeze her funds. (Doc. 6 at 2-9). The
Amended Complaint alleges that the state court denied her requests for relief.
Also, according to the Amended Complaint, on May 20, 2014, the Alabama
3

Court of Civil Appeals affirmed the state court’s decision. Thereafter, the Amended
Complaint discusses the plaintiff’s unsuccessful attempts to file certain documents and
obtain a rehearing in the Court of Civil Appeals. (Doc. 6 at 10-11).
Finally, the complaint confusingly alleges:
(40) Upon getting PDF documentation from Court of Civil Appeals of
Alabama from trial case in Circuit Court of Calhoun County for an
appeal, the following document was included: Discover Bank's Attorney
filed on 12/09/2008 document “AL_02 Civil Case Cover Sheet Nathan
& Nathan File No. 08 44927” in the box for Defendant(s) the only one
checked is “Individual”, which was filed with court. (41) This PDF
document from Court of Civil Appeals was dated 07/28/2014 time
stamped 10:34 am, which we never received this document from
Discover Bank attorney's. (42)Fraud was not discovered until after
initial brief was sent to court and presented in a corrected brief dated
09/29/2014, which was declared moot by Court of Civil Appeals on
01/09/2015. (43)Corrected Brief requested transfer of venue to Alabama
Supreme Court, along with stating fraud of Discover Bank's Attorney
relialized on 09/29/2014.1
(Doc. 6 at 11) (italics in original).
IV.

ANALYSIS
A.

Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction

“‘Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.’ Kokkonen v. Guardian Life
Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377, 114 S.Ct. 1673, 1675, 128 L.Ed.2d 391 (1994).
That federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction means that they ‘possess only that
1

The court chooses not to clutter this paragraph with numerous “sics” or other such
indicia. This paragraph is presented exactly as it was written by the plaintiff in her Amended
Complaint.
4

power authorized by [the] Constitution and statute.’ Id.” United States v. Rivera, 613
F.3d 1046, 1049 (11th Cir. 2010). Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
requires that every pleading which “states a claim for relief must contain . . . a short
and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
8(a)(1).

In its order instructing the plaintiff to replead this matter, the court

specifically ordered the plaintiff the cite “[t]he statute, code, rule of law, or other
means by which you contend that this court has subject matter jurisdiction, personal
jurisdiction, and venue, over this matter.” (Doc. 5 at 5-6). The Amended Complaint
(doc. 6) contains no jurisdictional statement. This court is mindful, however, of the
Supreme Court’s instruction that “a pro se complaint, however inartfully pleaded,
must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.”
Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94, 127 S. Ct. 2197, 2200, 167 L. Ed. 2d 1081
(2007) (internal citations and quotations omitted). Accordingly, the court will attempt
to determine for itself the basis for jurisdiction based on the claims in this case.
There are no claims in this case which “aris[e] under the Constitution, laws, or
treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C.A. § 1331.2 All of the plaintiff’s claims are

2

The closest the plaintiff comes is her citations to "2009 16 CFR 444.444-1," "31 CFR
part 902 19.13(a)," and "Federal Rule 60(b)." The court is unable to decifer to exactly which
portion of the Code of Federal Regulations the first two citations are referring. Regardless, she
fails to explain how these regulations create a cause of action in her favor. Finally, no cause of
action can be maintained based on a rule of civil procedure.
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therefore state law claims. Then, the only basis for jurisdiction could be “where the
matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and
costs, and is between . . . citizens of different States.” 28 U.S.C.A. § 1332. “Since
Strawbridge v. Curtiss, 3 Cranch 267, 2 L.Ed. 435 (1806), [the Supreme Court has]
read the statutory formulation ‘between ... citizens of different States’ to require
complete diversity between all plaintiffs and all defendants.” Lincoln Prop. Co. v.
Roche, 546 U.S. 81, 89, 126 S. Ct. 606, 613, 163 L. Ed. 2d 415 (2005) (quoting 28
U.S.C. § 1332.
As noted above, one of the defendants in this case is “John Nathan of Nathan
& Nathan P.C. Counsel for Discover Bank.” The court takes judicial notice of the fact
that Nathan & Nathan, P.C. has its offices in Birmingham, Alabama. The court also
takes judicial notice of the fact that Mr. Nathan is the owner/managing partner of that
firm and is a citizen of Alabama. The plaintiff too is a citizen of Alabama. In the
absence of complete diversity, this court does not have jurisdiction over this matter
and this case must be dismissed.3
B.

Claims

There are further reasons why this matter should be dismissed. To the extent

3

Further, no facts are alleged to demonstrate that the requisite amount in controversy has
been satisfied.
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that any claim against any defendant is based upon the alleged naming of the wrong
plaintiff in the state court case against the plaintiff,4 that was an issue which should
have been, and possibly was, raised at the state court trial and appellate levels.
Indeed, as part of her remedies, the plaintiff seeks relief from the state court orders.
“Under the Rooker–Feldman doctrine, lower federal courts lack jurisdiction to engage
in appellate review of state court determinations.” In re Al-Sedah, 347 B.R. 901, 904
(Bankr. N.D. Ala. 2005) (citing Greenberg v. Zingale, 2005 WL 1432471, at *3 (11th
Cir. June 20, 2005) (citing Powell v. Powell, 80 F.3d 464, 466 (11th Cir.1996); Exxon
Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 125 S.Ct. 1517, 1521, 161
L.Ed.2d 454 (2005)). Further, in Alabama, “[c]laims of fraudulent misrepresentation
and suppression are subject to a two-year statute of limitations.” Foremost Ins. Co.
v. Parham, 693 So. 2d 409, 417 (Ala. 1997) (citing Ala. Code § 6-2-38(l)). To the
extent that any fraud is based on that incident, it occurred when the state court action
was originally filed, more than two years before the filing of the instant case.
Therefore, the claim is time-barred.
There are also the following fraud-based claims in this case:5

4

For example, the plaintiff’s first cause of action reads: “2009 16 CFR 444.444-1
Discover Bank wrong plaintiff in trial Court (Discover Financial Services LLC reported and
acted on debt they sent collection letter(s) received during 2008[)].”
5

In the interest of brevity and to avoid clutter, the court will reproduce the plaintiff’s
claims verbatim, without correcting grammar, punctuation, or style.
7

§ 6-5-101 Fraud - Misrepresentations of material facts
Discover Bank's lawyer(s) Mr. Reed stated in court, see line 30 several
lines down, “I mean if you look at the Regions statements of which there
are a number - and the account is Jimmy L. Prestwood or Tammy
Ladawn Prestwood. That's a joint account. It was a joint account. We can
go after it.” Discover Bank's lawyer(s) filed beginning case a document
AL_02 see line 40 a case for Individual was check not Business to go
after consent Judgment.
...
§ 6-5-103 Deceit
Discover Bank's lawyer(s) stated in line 30 verbatim of trial "indicates
Business Preferred Personal Checking. Undisputed” Discover Bank's
lawyer(s) filed beginning case a document AL_02 see line 40 a case for
Individual not Business to go after consent Judgment.
...
6-5-103 Deceit
Yet, during trial Discover Bank's lawyer lied to court with following
statement: "MR. REED: We represent Discover Bank in this. But we
filed - I think one the issues whether the garnishment was proper or not.
We filed a response to it." No response was received by Discover Bank's
lawyer(s) and no record in PDF file for Appeal that they responded .
...
6-5-103 Deceit
Discover Bank's lawyer (s) filed form C-21 stating: "(Any and all
accounts)" under "Name and Address of Garnishee" for an Individual
unsecured debt.
(Doc. 6 at 12-13) (bold in original). “[A]n essential element of any fraud claim is
reasonable reliance.” Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Alabama Dep't of Conservation &
Natural Res., 986 So. 2d 1093, 1125 (Ala. 2007). To the extent that there are
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representations in these claims, there are no facts pled which indicate any reliance by
the plaintiff. Further, the same Rooker–Feldman principles would apply here to bar
these claims–all of which appear to clearly be based on events which occurred during
state court proceedings. Finally, to the extent that any fraud claim is based on the
filing of a Civil Action Cover Sheet sheet at the beginning of the state court case, that
clearly occurred more than two years ago. Any such claim is therefore also time
barred.6
Similarly, the Rooker–Feldman doctrine applies to bar the following claims:
§ 6-5-260 Deprivation of owner of possession
Committed by Discover Bank lawyer(s) by not releasing Business Assets
of The Prestwood's. Also, being awarded by Circuit Court Judge John
Thomason.7
6

To the extent that the plaintiff is arguing that she only recently discovered the cover
sheet, her claim still fails. If she has never seen it before, she could have never relied upon
anything stated in it.
7

To the extent that this claim is directed to Judge Thomason, it fails because Judge
Thomason is not a defendant in this case. The plaintiff similarly appears to make claims against
Judge Thomason when she writes:
§6-5-104(3) The suppression of a fact by one who is bound to disclose it:
§ 6-5-102 Suppression of material facts: Circuit Court Judge, John Thomason, for
allowing case to go forward was for individual not business Discover Bank's
attorney(s) filed a Garnishment/Levy for Individual.
...
Canon 3(2) (3) (4) Biased Judge as per Alabama Canons of Judicial Ethics his
actions before and during trial of lack of due process guaranteed by U.S.
Constitution and Alabama Constitution. Also, by him refusing to recuse himself
of trial case due to his lack impartiality guaranteed in State Constitution
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...
§ 8-9-11 Agreements to confess by Discover Bank being wrong plaintiff
in trial Court.
(Doc. 6 at 12).8
V.

CONCLUSION
For all of the foregoing reasons, the court finds that all claims in the amended

complaint are without arguable merit either in law or fact, and are therefore frivolous.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915, this matter will therefore be DISMISSED as frivolous.
A final order will be entered.

SECTION 13.
(Doc. 6 at 12, 13). These claims too fail since Judge Thomason is not a defendant in this matter.
Further, a Canon of ethics is not a basis for a cause of action.
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The court notes that the plaintiff also cites the following as a claim:

31 CFR part 902 19.13(a)
MR. REED: STATED -“They claim that the only remedy for a debt of this nature
is wage garnishment. That's simply not Alabama law.” It federal law for
unsecured debt.
(Doc. 6 at 12). The court previously discussed this “claim” in footnote 2 and explained that the
citation was impossible to decifer and also that the plaintiff had not explained how this
“regulation” provided a claim in her favor. See note 2, infra. The court also notes that the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine would apply to bar this claim as well, as it appears to be clearly based
on some discussion which occurred in the state court proceedings. Additionally, the plaintiff
cites to Rule 60 of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure which cannot form the basis of a claim.
(Doc. 6 at 13).
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DONE and ORDERED this 20th day of May, 2015.

VIRGINIA EMERSON HOPKINS
United States District Judge

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