Greenfield et al v. Allstate Indemnity Company et al
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Karon O Bowdre on 6/13/2012. (FNC)
FILED
2012 Jun-13 AM 10:28
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
SOUTHERN DIVISION
ESTER GREENFIELD, et al.
Plaintiffs,
v.
ALLSTATE INDEMNITY COMPANY,
et al.,
Defendants.
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2:11-CV-4221-KOB
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter comes before the court on Plaintiffs’ Motion to Remand (doc. 5). Defendants
Allstate, John F. Saddler Agency, and John F. Saddler removed this case to federal court under
the removal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1441 et seq., claiming that diversity jurisdiction exists under 28
U.S.C. § 1332. The plaintiffs’ suit arises from an alleged theft that resulted in “almost all of the
[p]laintiffs’ entire home’s contents” being taken. Pl. Compl. ¶ 5. Plaintiffs allege claims of
breach of contract, bad faith refusal to pay, and fraudulent suppression against Defendant
Allstate, and claims of breach of contract, negligence and/or wantonness, and fraudulent
suppression against Defendants John F. Saddler and the John F. Saddler Agency. Even though
Defendants John F. Saddler and the John F. Saddler Agency are Alabama residents, the
defendants maintained that removal was proper because the resident defendants were
fraudulently joined to create federal jurisdiction. The plaintiffs dispute that the defendants were
fraudulently joined, and argue that, in any event, the defendants did not timely file their notice of
removal.
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The court received the defendants’ notice of removal (doc. 1) on December 15, 2011, and
on December 21, 2011 ordered the plaintiffs to show cause why the resident defendants should
not be dismissed as fraudulently joined (doc. 3). The plaintiffs filed a motion to remand in
response to the court’s show cause order (doc. 5), to which only Defendant Allstate Indemnity
Company responded (doc. 7). The plaintiffs, moving to remand under 28 U.S.C. § 1447, base
their motion to remand on two grounds: (1) that the removal was untimely; and (2) that the
resident defendants were not fraudulently joined as defendants in this case. The court has
considered the parties’ submissions and, for the reasons stated below, finds that the plaintiffs’
motion to remand is due to be granted based on the defendants’ failure to timely file a notice of
removal.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On November 14, 2011, the plaintiffs served the defendants with the complaint. Under
the procedure for removal of civil actions, stated in 28 U.S.C. § 1446, the defendants had thirty
days from the date of service of the complaint to file a notice of removal with this court. That
thirty day period began on November 15, 2011 and ended on December 14, 2011.
In response to the motion to remand, Defense counsel submitted a sworn affidavit from
their legal assistant, Jennifer Williams, stating that she had electronically filed a notice of
removal with this court at approximately 4:20 PM CST on December 14, 2011.1 Ms. Williams
further states that she left her office shortly after the alleged filing, and did not discover until the
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Although Allstate’s response and opposition to the motion to remand claims that the Ms. Williams’s affidavit stated
that she had attempted to electronically file the notice of removal on November 14, 2011, this date directly
contradicts the affidavit itself, where Ms. Williams states she attempted to electronically file on December 14, 2011.
Because the notice of removal is shown on the docket sheet as filed on December 15, 2011, the court will use the
dates mentioned in Ms. Williams’s affidavit, and ignore the dates indicated in the body of Allstate’s motion, which
this court will assume were inadvertent typographical errors.
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following morning of December 15, 2011 that she had not received a confirmation receipt from
this court concerning the Notice of Removal. Ms. Williams states that immediately after this
discovery, she contacted this court to inquire if it had received the notice of removal. According
to Ms. Williams’s affidavit “[the court’s clerk] advised me that the Court had not received any
electronic filing by Allstate [on December 14, 2011] and instructed me to re-file the pleadings.”
Ms. Williams re-filed the notice of removal on December 15, 2011. Allstate acknowledges that
this court did not receive a notice of removal on December 14, 2011. See Def. Opp. Mot.
Remand at 3 (“That this court did not receive the [notice of removal] until [December 15, 2011]
is not a result of any failure to timely present the [n]otice of [r]emoval.”). Although the
defendants did not file a notice of removal with this court until December 15, 2011, the
defendants did file a notice of filing notice of removal with the Circuit Court of Jefferson
County, Alabama on December 14, 2011.
In opposing the plaintiffs’ motion to remand based on untimely removal, Allstate asserts
that the failure of the electronic filing system “is not a result of any failure to timely present the
Notice of Removal,” but instead a “procedural defect” that does not defeat federal jurisdiction.
Def. Opp. Mot. Remand at 3. Allstate also points to the defendants’ filing of the notice of filing
notice of removal in state court—which would put the plaintiffs on notice of the defendants’
intent to file a notice of removal—as evidence that the defendants timely filed.
DISCUSSION
The procedure for removal of civil actions, stated in 28 U.S.C. § 1446, requires
“defendants desiring to remove any civil action from a State court [to] file in the district court of
the United States for the district and division within which such action is pending a notice of
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removal . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(a) (emphasis added). The removal procedure further requires
that “[t]he notice of removal of a civil action . . . be filed within 30 days after the receipt by the
defendant . . . [of] a copy of the initial pleading . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b) (emphasis added).
When interpreting a removal statute, this court should interpret the statute narrowly, with doubts
resolved against removal. Allen v. Chrsitenberry, 327 F.3d 1290, 1293 (11th Cir. 2003). Failure
to comply with § 1446(b) renders removal defective and justifies remand. Snapper v. Redan, 171
F.3d 1249, 1253 (11th Cir. 1999).
Based on narrow construction of the language of the statute, the defendants have not
timely filed a notice of removal. The statute plainly requires a removing defendant to file notice
of removal in the Northern District of Alabama within thirty days of receiving the complaint.
Although the term “file” is not defined in the removal statute, the Supreme Court, when
interpreting a different statute, explained that “[f]iling . . . is not complete until the document is
delivered and received” and “[a] paper is filed when it is delivered to the proper official and by
him received and filed.” United States v. Lombardo, 241 U.S. 73, 76 (1916); see also Stone St.
Capital v. McDonald’s Corp., 300 F. Supp. 2d 345, 347 (D. Md. 2003) (citing Lombardo and
applying its definition of “filing” to 28 U.S.C. § 1446). The Supreme Court’s definition of “file”
in Lombardo accords with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which explain that “[a] paper is
filed by delivering it . . . to the clerk . . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(d). The court, therefore, concludes
that the defendants failed to comply with the removal statute because the defendants did not
ensure that the clerk had received the notice of removal within the statutory deadline. That the
defendants timely filed a notice of filing notice of removal in state court does not alter this
conclusion.
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In arriving at this conclusion, the court was persuaded by an opinion from the district
court of Maryland, Stone Street Capital v. McDonald’s Corp., 300 F. Supp. 2d 345 (D. Md.
2003), which the plaintiffs cited. Though not binding on this court, the Stone Street Capital
decision bears striking resemblance to this case and this court found the opinion well reasoned.
In Stone Street Capital, one of the defendants filed a notice of removal with the district court
thirty one days after the plaintiff completed service. The defendant admitted that the district
court’s clerk did not receive the notice of removal within the statutory deadline, but nevertheless
argued that a failed attempt at electronic filing the night before should constitute “filing” or at
least allow for an extension of the deadline. Stone St. Capital, 300 F. Supp. 2d at 346–47. The
court, citing Lombardo and 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b), held that the defendant had not filed within the
thirty days prescribed by § 1446(b) and, accordingly, granted the plaintiff’s motion to remand.
Stone St. Capital, 300 F. Supp. 2d at 346.
Although Allstate did not have an opportunity to address Stone Street Capital, which the
plaintiffs cited for the first time in their reply brief, Allstate offered no authority for its alternative
interpretation that a notice of removal is “filed” when a defendant attempts to file the notice,
regardless of whether it has been received by the clerk. Instead, Allstate argued by implication
that the failure of the electronic filing was a procedural defect, and that “a procedural defect does
not defeat federal jurisdiction.” Def. Opp. Mot. Remand at 3 (citing Peterson v. BMI
Refractories, 124 F.3d 1386, 1395 (11th Cir. 1997) and Covington v. Indem. Ins. Co. of N. Am.,
251 F.2d 930 (5th Cir. 1958)).
Allstate is correct in stating that a procedural defects—including untimeliness of removal,
see In re Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co., 104 F.3d 322, 324 (11th Cir. 1997)—do not defeat federal
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jurisdiction. Moreover, procedural defects may be waived, in contrast to jurisdictional defects. Cf
Eagerton v. Valuations, Inc., 698 F.2d 1115, 1118 (11th Cir. 1983) (stating the “well
established” principle that “subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived or conferred on a court
by consent of the parties”); Peterson, 124 F.3d at 1392 (“[R]emoval to the wrong federal district
[in violation of 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a)] is a procedural defect subject to waiver.”). In this case,
however, the plaintiffs have not waived the procedural defect. Federal courts are justified in
granting timely motions to remand. See Peterson, 124 F.3d at 1395. Therefore, the court is not
persuaded that the fact that the defect may be “procedural” should prevent the court from
granting plaintiffs’ timely filed motion to remand.
Finally, the court notes that the outcome of the defendants’ fraudulent joinder argument is
moot because the court finds that the case is due to be remanded. Accordingly, the court will not
address the parties’ fraudulent joinder arguments. See Maxwell v. E-Z-Go, 2012 U.S. Dist.
LEXIS 19502, at *17 n. 6 (M.D. Ala. Feb. 16, 2012) (“Because the Court has found that the
removal is procedurally defective, § 1446(b)(3), the Court will not address Plaintiff’s and
Defendants’ substantive contentions regarding the existence of subject matter jurisdiction.”).
CONCLUSION
Although Allstate attempts to blame the defendants’ unsuccessful eleventh hour filing on
the court’s electronic filing system, the removal statute does not state that a defendant “shall file
or attempt to file in the district court of the United States” or that “notice of removal . . . shall be
filed or attempted to be filed within 30 days.” Instead, the removal statute states that a defendant
“shall file in the district court of the United States” and that “notice of removal . . . shall be filed
within 30 days . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1446. The defendants failed to do so because they did not
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ensure that the clerk had received the notice of removal within the statutory time limit. While the
failure to timely file is not a jurisdictional defect, and may be waived, the plaintiffs in this case
did not waive the defect. Because failure to comply with § 1446(b) makes removal defective and
justifies remand, the court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion to remand, and REMANDS this case to
state court for further proceedings. The court will simultaneously enter an order to that effect.
DONE and ORDERED this 13th day of June, 2012.
____________________________________
KARON OWEN BOWDRE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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