Harris v. Social Security Administration, Commissioner

Filing 14

MEMORANDUM OPINION - For the reasons set forth herein, and upon careful consideration of the administrative record and memoranda of the parties, the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying Harriss claim for Supplemental Security Income is AFFIRMED and this action DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. Signed by Magistrate Judge John H England, III on 9/11/2018. (KEK)

FILED
2018 Sep-11 AM 11:54
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
SOUTHERN DIVISION
NELSON HARRIS,
Plaintiff,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL
SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,
Defendant.

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Case Number: 2:17-cv-01268-JHE

MEMORANDUM OPINION1
Plaintiff Nelson Harris (“Harris”) seeks review, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), § 205(g)
of the Social Security Act, of a final decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security
Administration (“Commissioner”), denying his application for supplemental security income
(“SSI”). (Doc. 1). Harris timely pursued and exhausted his administrative remedies. This case is
therefore ripe for review under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g), 1383(c)(3). The undersigned has carefully
considered the record and, for the reasons stated below, the Commissioner’s decision is
AFFIRMED.
I. Factual and Procedural History
On July 21, 2014, Harris protectively filed an application for SSI, alleging disability
beginning February 26, 2014. (Tr. 20, 148-154). The claim was denied initially on August 21,
2014. (Id.). Thereafter, on September 9, 2014, Harris filed a written request for a hearing. (Tr.
20, 97-99). Harris appeared before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) and testified at a hearing

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In accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 73, the parties have voluntarily consented to have a United States Magistrate Judge
conduct any and all proceedings, including trial and the entry of final judgment. (Doc. 9).

held on May 19, 2016, in Birmingham, Alabama. (Tr. 20, 39- 77). On August 19, 2016, the ALJ
issued a decision finding Harris had not been under a disability, as defined in the Social Security
Act, since July 21, 2014, the date the application was filed. (Tr. 28). Harris sought review by the
Appeals Council, but it declined his request on July 8, 2017. (Tr. 1-6). On that date, the ALJ’s
decision became the final decision of the Commissioner. On July 28, 2017, Harris initiated this
action. (See doc. 1).
Harris was forty-five years old on the date he filed his application. (Tr. 27). He has at least
a high school education and is able to communicate in English. (Tr. 27). Harries alleges he cannot
work because of his back problems. (Tr. 176).
II. Standard of Review2
The court’s review of the Commissioner’s decision is narrowly circumscribed. The
function of this Court is to determine whether the decision of the Commissioner is supported by
substantial evidence and whether proper legal standards were applied. Richardson v. Perales, 402
U.S. 389, 390 (1971); Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 F.3d 1219, 1221 (11th Cir. 2002). This Court must
“scrutinize the record as a whole to determine if the decision reached is reasonable and supported
by substantial evidence.” Bloodsworth v. Heckler, 703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983).
Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate
to support a conclusion.” Id. It is “more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance.” Id.
This Court must uphold factual findings supported by substantial evidence. “Substantial
evidence may even exist contrary to the findings of the ALJ, and [the reviewing court] may have

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In general, the legal standards applied are the same whether a claimant seeks Disability
Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) or SSI. However, separate, parallel statutes and regulations exist for
DIB and SSI claims. Therefore, citations in this opinion should be considered to refer to the
appropriate parallel provision as context dictates. The same applies to citations for statutes or
regulations found in quoted court decisions.
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taken a different view of it as a factfinder. Yet, if there is substantially supportive evidence, the
findings cannot be overturned.” Barron v. Sullivan, 924 F.2d 227, 230 (11th Cir. 1991). However,
the Court reviews the ALJ’s legal conclusions de novo because no presumption of validity attaches
to the ALJ’s determination of the proper legal standards to be applied. Davis v. Shalala, 985 F.2d
528, 531 (11th Cir. 1993). If the court finds an error in the ALJ’s application of the law, or if the
ALJ fails to provide the court with sufficient reasoning for determining the proper legal analysis
has been conducted, it must reverse the ALJ’s decision. Cornelius v. Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1143,
1145-46 (11th Cir. 1991).
III. Statutory and Regulatory Framework
To qualify for disability benefits and establish his or her entitlement for a period of
disability, a claimant must be disabled as defined by the Social Security Act and the Regulations
promulgated thereunder.3 The Regulations define “disabled” as “the inability to do any substantial
gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can
be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period
of not less than twelve (12) months.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1505(a). To establish entitlement to disability
benefits, a claimant must provide evidence of a “physical or mental impairment” which “must
result from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which can be shown by
medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1508.
The Regulations provide a five-step process for determining whether a claimant is
disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i-v). The Commissioner must determine in sequence:
(1)
(2)
(3)

whether the claimant is currently employed;
whether the claimant has a severe impairment;
whether the claimant’s impairment meets or equals an impairment listed

The “Regulations” promulgated under the Social Security Act are listed in 20 C.F.R. Parts
400 to 499.
3

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(4)
(5)

by the [Commissioner];
whether the claimant can perform his or her past work; and
whether the claimant is capable of performing any work in the national
economy.

Pope v. Shalala, 998 F.2d 473, 477 (7th Cir. 1993) (citing to the formerly applicable C.F.R.
section), overruled on other grounds by Johnson v. Apfel, 189 F.3d 561, 562-63 (7th Cir. 1999);
accord McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986). “Once the claimant has satisfied
steps One and Two, she will automatically be found disabled if she suffers from a listed
impairment. If the claimant does not have a listed impairment but cannot perform her work, the
burden shifts to the [Commissioner] to show that the claimant can perform some other job.” Pope,
998 F.2d at 477; accord Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1559 (11th Cir. 1995). The Commissioner
must further show such work exists in the national economy in significant numbers. Id.
IV. Findings of the Administrative Law Judge
After consideration of the entire record and application of the sequential evaluation
process, the ALJ made the following findings:
At Step One, the ALJ found Harris had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since
July 21, 2014, the application date.4 (Tr. 22). At Step Two, the ALJ found Harris has the following
severe impairments: obesity, sciatica, and degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine. (Id.). At
Step Three, the ALJ found Harris did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that
meets or medically equals one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix
1. (Tr. 22-23).
Before proceeding to Step Four, the ALJ determined Harris’s residual functioning capacity

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Harris worked after the application date, but this work activity did not rise to the level
of substantial gainful activity, as Harris’s earning records reveal he earned $ 58.00 in 2014. (Tr.
22, 148-171)
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(“RFC”), which is the most a claimant can do despite his impairments. The ALJ determined that
Harris had the RFC to perform light work as defined in 20 C.F.R. § 416.967(b), except Harris is
able to frequently use bilateral foot controls; can frequently reach overhead bilaterally; can
occasionally climb ramps and stairs, but never climb ladders or scaffolds; can frequently stoop,
but can only occasionally crouch, kneel, and crawl; and in addition to normal workday breaks,
would be off-task five percent of an eight-hour workday (non-consecutive minutes). (Tr. 23-26).
At Step Four, the ALJ determined Harris was unable to perform any past relevant work.
(Tr. 26-27). At Step Five, the ALJ determined, based on Harris’s age, education, work experience,
and RFC, jobs exist in significant numbers in the national economy Harris could perform. (Tr. 2728). Therefore, the ALJ determined Harris had not been under a disability and denied Harris’s
claim. (Tr. 28).
V. Analysis
Although the court may only reverse a finding of the Commissioner if it is not supported
by substantial evidence or because improper legal standards were applied, “[t]his does not relieve
the court of its responsibility to scrutinize the record in its entirety to ascertain whether substantial
evidence supports each essential administrative finding.” Walden v. Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838
(11th Cir. 1982) (citing Strickland v. Harris, 615 F.2d 1103, 1106 (5th Cir. 1980)). The court,
however, “abstains from reweighing the evidence or substituting its own judgment for that of the
[Commissioner].” Id. (citation omitted).
Here, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s determination Harris failed to demonstrate
a disability, and the ALJ applied the proper standards to reach this conclusion. Harris challenges
the Commissioner’s decision on the following grounds, contending: (1) the ALJ did not adequately
apply the Eleventh Circuit Pain Standard or properly consider Harris’s obesity when determining

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his RFC; and (2) the Appeals Council Erred in Failing to Enter New and Material Evidence. (Doc.
12 at 5-12). Neither these grounds, nor the other allegations in Harris’s brief, support reversal.
A. The ALJ’s Residual Functioning Capacity Evaluation is Supported by Substantial
Evidence
1. The ALJ Properly Applied the Eleventh Circuit Pain Standard and There is
Substantial Evidence to Support His Decision
Harris contends “[t]he ALJ’s RFC assessment made minimal provision for the effects of
pain” and “failed to explain why [Harris] would be restricted by pain only [five percent] of the
time as opposed to most of the time.” (Doc. 12 at 7). Upon review of the ALJ’s decision and
underlying record, the ALJ properly applied the Eleventh Circuit Pain Standard when determining
Harris’s RFC. (Tr. 23-26).
When a claimant attempts to establish disability based on subjective complaints, including
pain, he must provide evidence of an underlying medical condition and either objective medical
evidence confirming the severity of the alleged symptoms or that the medical condition could be
reasonably expected to give rise to the alleged symptoms. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529, 416.929;
SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029. If the claimant establishes he has an impairment that could
reasonably be expected to produce his alleged symptoms, then the intensity and persistence of his
alleged symptoms and their effect on his work must be evaluated.

See 20 C.F.R. §§

404.1529(c)(1), 416.929(c)(1).
When evaluating the credibility of a claimant’s statements regarding the intensity,
persistence, or limiting effects of his symptoms, the ALJ considers all evidence, objective and
subjective. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529, 416.929; SSR 16-3p. The ALJ may consider the nature
of a claimant’s symptoms, the effectiveness of medication, a claimant’s method of treatment, a
claimant’s activities, and any conflicts between a claimant’s statements and the rest of the

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evidence. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c)(3), (4), 416.929(c)(3), (4); SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL
1119029, *7.5 If an ALJ discredits a claimant’s subjective complaints, “he must articulate explicit
and adequate reasons for doing so.” Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 284 F.3d 1219, 1225 (11th
Cir. 2002).
The ALJ properly evaluated Harris’s subjective complaints of pain in accordance with the
regulatory criteria and the Eleventh Circuit pain standard. (Tr. 23-26). Citing to the appropriate
standard, the ALJ found that Harris met the criteria – Harris’s “medically determinable
impairments could reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms[;]” however, the ALJ
also found that Harris’s “statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of
these symptoms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the
record . . . .” (Tr. 23-24). See 20 C.F.R. § 416.929; Mitchell v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin, 771 F.3d
780, 782 (11th Cir. 2014); Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1561 (11th Cir. 1995) (recognizing that,
once the pain standard is satisfied, it is the ALJ’s job to assess whether a claimant’s complaints of
pain are consistent with the record evidence).
After reviewing Harris’s treatment history for his back pain from 2014 to 2016, including
a February 25, 2014 MRI, an October 23, 2015 MRI, and a March 10, 2016 MRI, the ALJ found
the record supported the functional limitations detailed in the RFC, but expressed concerns with
Harris’s allegations regarding intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of those symptoms. (Tr.
24-25). The ALJ noted “[Harris’s] assertions appear out of proportion and not as debilitating as

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SSR 16-3p, effective March 28, 2016, superseded SSR 96-7p. SSR 16-3p eliminates
the use of the term “credibility” and clarifies that the ALJ “will consider any personal
observations of the individual in terms of how consistent those observations are with the
individual's statements about his or her symptoms as well as with all of the evidence in the file.”
SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029, *7 (March 16, 2016). See Hargress v. Soc. Sec. Admin.,
Comm’r, 883 F.3d 1302, 1307-08 (11th Cir. 2018).
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alleged.” (Tr. 25). For example, the ALJ noted that whereas Harris stated he was unsteady on his
feet and was unable to walk or lift much, treatment notes show Harris had normal range of motion,
normal muscle strength, and normal gain on most occasions. (Tr. 24-26, 241, 269, 272, 365, 369,
372, 375, 379, 382, 385, 389, 393, 400, 406). Harris’s examination notes also reveal he was most
often in no acute distress. (Tr. 25, 238, 245, 260, 269, 272, 291, 293, 298, 304, 308, 320, 324,
327, 331, 338, 364, 369, 375, 382, 385, 389, 399). Harris also reported working in landscaping,
noting difficultly because he could not bend over for prolonged periods of time, after his alleged
onset date. (Tr. 295). Harris did not require an assistive device to ambulate and was not prescribed
a cane. (Tr. 26). Furthermore, Harris’s most recent MRI from March 11, 2016, reported no acute
vertebral body height loss or malalignment of the lumbar spine and only “mild” degenerative disc
disease in the lumbar spine. (Tr. 402).
As to Harris’s argument the ALJ “made minimal provision for the effects of pain” and
“failed to explain why [Harris] would be distracted by pain only [five percent] of the time as
opposed to most of the time[,]” the ALJ’s decision shows otherwise. As the Commissioner points
out, the ALJ reduced Harris’s RFC to “light work” (from a potential ability to do “very heavy”
work) with additional limitations to accommodate for pain. Furthermore, the ALJ expressly
recognized that the combined effects of Harris’s obesity, sciatic, and degenerative disc disease of
the lumbar spine would limit him to light work. (Tr. 26). Then, considering Harris’s allegations
regarding back problems, the ALJ noted it was reasonable to conclude Harris’s “ability to lift
heavy items and stand or walk for a long period would be inhibited[,]” but also found treatment
notes, imaging, and examinations revealed Harris could perform less than a full range of light
work. (Id.). Specifically, the ALJ placed additional limitations to prevent exacerbation of Harris’s
condition or creating an unnecessary risk of injury to Harris or others. (Id.). These include limiting

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Harris to only frequent use of bilateral foot controls and reaching overhead bilaterally based on
complaints of back pain and radiating leg pain, limiting postural activities such as only occasional
crouching, kneeling, and crawling, and, due to a history of back pain and possible side effects of
medication, providing for Harris to be off-task five percent of the time, in addition to normal
breaks. (Tr. 26).
The ALJ properly weighed the evidence in assessing Harris’s complains and determining
his RFC. Harris fails to directly address any of the ALJ’s reasons for finding his allegations
inconsistent with the record evidence and thus has not shown the ALJ’s assessment was
unreasonable or not supported by substantial evidence.
2. The ALJ Properly Considered Harris’s Obesity
Harris next asserts “[t]he ALJ provided no reliable recitation of the standard for considering
obesity in accordance with SSR 02-1p other than merely stating he had considered this Ruling in
deriving an RFC.” (Doc. 12 at 8).
The ALJ identified obesity as a severe impairment and recognized that, “although there is
no listing for obesity, [he] considered how obesity can cause the claimant to meet or equal listing[s]
in combination with other impairments pursuant to SSR 02-1p. (Tr. 22-23). The ALJ then stated
he considered Harris’s obesity in determining the RFC; specifically, when making findings
regarding the standing, walking, lifting, carrying, and postural limitations. (Tr. 23). Later, when
assessing Harris’s RFC, the ALJ stated that Harris’s “obesity was taken into account when
assessing [his RFC] . . . .” (Tr. 25).
As an initial matter, Harris cites no authority to support his assertion that an ALJ must
provide a detailed recitation of the substance and requirements of SSR 02-1p. (Doc. 12 at 7-8).
To the contrary, an ALJ is required to issue a decision in accordance with an SSR, not summarize

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its requirements. Furthermore, Harris fails to point to any functional limitation resulting from his
obesity (alone or in combination with another of his impairments) that is inconsistent with the
ALJ’s RFC finding. (Doc. 12 at 7-8). The ALJ properly considered Harris’s obesity, and Harris
has not shown otherwise.
3. The ALJ Properly Considered Harris’s Alleged Mental Impairments
Harris’s brief contains a one sentence assertion that “[t]he ALJ did not factor anxiety or
depression into his severe impairments or RFC finding at all.” (Doc. 12 at 8). Harris’s failure to
provide any legal or evidentiary support for his claim dooms it. “Issue raised in a perfunctory
manner, without supporting arguments or citations to authorities, are generally deemed to be
waived.” N.L.R.B. v. McClain of Ga., Inc., 138 F.3d at 1418, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998).
Furthermore, there is no evidence Harris presented a “colorable claim” that would have
required the ALJ to follow the sequential evaluation process for mental impairments. Moore v.
Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1214 (11th Cir. 2005). Although Harris’s attorney briefly asserted that
depression (not anxiety) contributed to Harris’s inability to work (tr. 44), Harris failed to mention
depression or anxiety when he testified why he could not work (tr. 55-68). Although diagnosed
with “anxiety depression” and prescribed medication (tr. 339), Harris fails to allege any functional
limitations based on his alleged depression or anxiety. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1213 n.6.
Accordingly, the ALJ did not err in his consideration of Harris’s alleged mental impairments.
4. The ALJ Was Not Required to Obtain an Opinion from a Physician to
Determine Harris’s Claim
Harris also appears to suggest the ALJ erred because he did not obtain a medical source
opinion before determining Harris’s RFC. (Doc. 12 at 10-11). Specifically, although Harris also
admits “there is no express requirement for a medical source opinion (MSO)[,]” he contends an
MSO of some kind is crucial to the analysis of functioning based on the medically determined
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impairments (MDI) determined.” (Id. at 10). An ALJ does not need a medical source opinion to
determine a claimant’s RFC, as the task of determining a claimant’s RFC is within the province of
the ALJ. See Robinson v. Astrue, 365 F. App’x 993, 999 (11th Cir. 2010). The lack of a medical
source opinion is not grounds for reversal. See Castle v. Colvin, 557 F. App’x 849, 854 (11th Cir.
2014).
To the extent Harris argues (without citation to authority) there was a procedural error at
the state agency level because the RFC evaluation was prepared by a single-decisionmaker without
a medical consultant (doc. 12 at 10-11), this also lacks merit. In Alabama, a single-decisionmaker
has authority to make disability determinations at the initial level without the signature of a medical
consultant. See Program Operations Manual System (“POMS”) DI 12015.100(B)(1), (C)(1), SSA
POMS D1 12015.100.
B. The Appeals Council Did Not Err in Denying Review
1. The Treatment Records Submitted to the Appeals Council Were Neither New
Nor Material
Harris alleges the Appeals Council “erred in failing to enter new and material evidence,”
and then contends the evidence was not made part of the record, necessitating a Sentence Four
Remand. (Doc. 12 at 8) (citing Ingram v. Commissioner, 496 F.3d 1253 (11th Cir. 2007). These
records include treatment notes from Birmingham Healthcare, dated April 8, 2016 through June
24, 2016, which include three visits to Birmingham Healthcare that occurred after the hearing, but
before the ALJ entered his decision. (Tr. 32-36). Harris contends these records “document the
diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy treated with medications for severe pain, as well as
intramuscular injections, and a referral for [ongoing pain management] and ongoing pain
management.” (Doc. 12 at 9).
The record show that Harris submitted these records in connection for his request for
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review and the records were included as part of the certified administrative record. (Tr. 2, 32-36).
To the extent Harris asserts they were not made part of the record (doc. 12 at 8), such a claim is
without merit.
Additionally, the Appeals Council only evaluates new, material, and chronologically
relevant evidence when deciding whether to grant a claimant’s request for review. 20 C.F.R.
§416.1470(b). The Appeals Council’s denial of review indicates it evaluated the evidence. (Tr.
2); see Mitchell v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin, 771 F.3d 780, 784-85 (11th Cir. 2014) (“[T]he
Appeals Council is not required to explain its rationale for denying a request for review.”). That
denial states “[y]ou submitted medical records from BHAM healthcare . . . . We find this evidence
does not show a reasonable probability that it would change the outcome of the decision.” (Id.).
The record shows that the evidence submitted was neither new nor material. For evidence to be
“new” it must not be cumulative of evidence in the record. Ashey v. Com’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 707
F. App’s 939, 943-44 (11th Cir. 2017). For evidence to be material, there must be a reasonable
possibility that the evidence would change the administrative outcome. Hargress v. Soc. Sec.
Admin., Comm’r, 874 F.3d 1284, 1290-91 (11th Cir. 2017).
Harris contends the evidence submitted to the Appeals Council “document[s] the diagnosis
of lumbar radiculopathy treated with medications for severe pain, as well as intramuscular
injections, and a referral for [ongoing pain management] and ongoing pain management.” (Doc.
12 at 9). As the Commissioner points out (doc. 13 at 18), all of these facts – the diagnosis, referral
to pain management, prescription pain medicine, and administration of injections – were already
in the record. (Tr. 324, 328, 330-31). These records are therefore cumulative and not “new.”
Additionally, as the ALJ had these facts in the record and found Harris could perform a reduced
range of light work, the records are not “material.” The ALJ’s decision recognized that Harris had

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severe impairments and is consistent with that finding that Harris continued his treatment.
Accordingly, the Appeals Council’s decision to deny review was proper.
2. The Appeals Council Was Not Required to Discuss the Physician Assistant’s
Opinion
The records submitted to the Appeals Council also include a State of Alabama Department
of Human Resources Food Stamp Program Form, completed by Physician Assistant Arthur
McAdams on April 8, 2016. (Tr. 36). PA McAdams certified that, based on Harris’s current
medical condition, he did not believe he was mentally and physically able to work. (Id.). This
form and opinion is not material, as it would not likely change the ALJ’s decision.
PA McAdams opined that Harris could not work because of “chronic low back pain,
sciatica, and muscle spasms.” (Tr. 36). As an initial matter, while it may provide insight into the
severity of an impairment and how it affects the individual’s ability to function (see SSR 06-3p),
an ALJ is not required to assign and explain weight given to a nonacceptable6 medical source
statement, such as one from a physician’s assistant. McMahon v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., F.
App’x 886, 891-92 (11th Cir. 2014); 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.913(a), 416.927(a)(2); see also SSR 06-03p
(effective August 9, 2006 through March 26, 2017). Moreover, this blanket statement that Harris
cannot work is not controlling and is not entitled to any special significance. 20 C.F.R. §
416.927(d)(3); see Romero v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 686 F. App’x 731, 733 (11th Cir. 2017);
Flowers v. Comm’r of Oc. Sec., 441 F. App’x 735, 742 n.5 (11th Cir. 2011). Finally, this record
is not material because the observations – low back pain, sciatica, and muscle spasms – were
already in the record before the ALJ, and thus would not likely change his opinion. (Tr. 22, 330,
338). Accordingly, the Appeals Council’s decision to deny review was proper.

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Harris concedes a physician assistant is not an “acceptable” medical source. (Doc. 12 at

9).
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VI. Conclusion
For the reasons set forth herein, and upon careful consideration of the administrative record
and memoranda of the parties, the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying
Harris’s claim for Supplemental Security Income is AFFIRMED and this action DISMISSED
WITH PREJUDICE.
DONE this 11th day of September, 2018.

_______________________________
JOHN H. ENGLAND, III
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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