Parker v. Social Security Administration, Commissioner

Filing 20

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Magistrate Judge John E Ott on 7/8/2019. (KAM)

FILED
2019 Jul-08 AM 10:27
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
MIDDLE DIVISION
EVERETT GENE PARKER,
Plaintiff,
v.
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

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Case No.: 4:18-cv-00210-JEO

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Everett Gene Parker appeals from the decision of the Commissioner
of the Social Security Administration (the “Commissioner”) denying his
application for supplemental security income (“SSI”) under the Social Security
Act. (Doc. 1).1 Parker timely pursued and exhausted his administrative remedies,
and the Commissioner’s decision is ripe for review. For the reasons discussed
below, the court finds that the Commissioner’s decision is due to be affirmed. 2

1

References herein to “Doc(s). __” are to the document numbers assigned by the Clerk of the
Court to the pleadings, motions, and other materials in the court file, as reflected on the docket
sheet in the court’s Case Management/Electronic Case Files (CM/ECF) system.
2

The parties have consented to the exercise of full dispositive jurisdiction by a magistrate judge
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). (Doc. 19).

I. Procedural History
Parker was fifty-five years old at the time of the hearing. (R. 34).3

He

graduated from high school and attended special education classes. (Id.). Parker
can read and write and do simple math. (R. 25). His past work history includes
fast food preparation, work at a poultry plant, and hand packager at a car part
manufacturer. (R. 35-37, 47-48). His last job was at Jack’s in 2006. (R. 35-36).
He has not looked for work since he last worked. (R. 37).
Parker alleges he became disabled on March 22, 2012. (R. 19, 143). The
Social Security Administration (“SSA”) denied his claims initially, (R. 83-87),
Parker requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). A video
hearing was held on July 5, 2017. (R. 30-50). Following the hearing, the ALJ
denied his claim. (R. 19-26). Parker appealed the decision to the Appeals Council
(“AC”). After reviewing the record, the AC declined to further review the ALJ’s
decision. (R. 1-6). That decision became the final decision of the Commissioner
and is now ripe for review. See Frye v. Massanari, 209 F. Supp. 2d 1246, 1251
(N.D. Ala. 2001) (citing Falge v. Apfel, 150 F.3d 1320, 1322 (11th Cir. 1998)).

3

References herein to “R. __” are to the administrative record found at Docs. 6-1 through 6-8 in
the court’s record.
2

II. Statutory and Regulatory Framework
To establish his eligibility for disability benefits, a claimant must show “the
inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in
death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not
less than twelve months.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i)(1)(A), 423(d)(1)(A); see also 20
C.F.R. § 404.1505(a). The Social Security Administration employs a five-step
sequential analysis to determine an individual’s eligibility for disability benefits.
20 C.F.R. § 416.920(b).
First, the Commissioner must determine whether the claimant is engaged in
“substantial gainful activity.” Id “Under the first step, the claimant has the burden
to show that []he is not currently engaged in substantial gainful activity.”
Reynolds-Buckley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 457 F. App’x 862, 863 (11th Cir.
2012). 4

If the claimant is engaged in substantial gainful activity, the

Commissioner will determine the claimant is not disabled. At the first step, the
ALJ determined Parker has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since April
27, 2015, the date of his application. (R. 21).
If a claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the Commissioner
must next determine whether the claimant suffers from a severe physical or mental
4

Unpublished opinions of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals are not considered binding
precedent; however, they may be cited as persuasive authority. 11th Cir. R. 36-2.
3

impairment or combination of impairments that has lasted or is expected to last for
a continuous period of at least twelve months. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920 (a)(4)(ii) & (c).
An impairment “must result from anatomical, physiological, or psychological
abnormalities which can be shown by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory
diagnostic techniques.” See id. at § 416.921. Furthermore, it “must be established
by medical evidence consisting of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings, not
only by [the claimant’s] statement of symptoms.”

Id.; see also 42 U.S.C. §

423(d)(3). An impairment is severe if it “significantly limits [the claimant’s]
physical or mental ability to do basic work activities . . . .”

20 C.F.R. §

416.922(c).5 “[A]n impairment can be considered as not severe only if it is a slight
abnormality which has such a minimal effect on the individual that it would not be
expected to interfere with the individual’s ability to work, irrespective of age,
education, or work experience.” Brady v. Heckler, 724 F.2d 914, 920 (11th Cir.
1984); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1521(a). A claimant may be found disabled based
on a combination of impairments, even though none of his individual impairments

5

Basic work activities include:
(1) [p]hysical functions such as walking, standing, sitting, lifting, pushing,
pulling, reaching, carrying, or handling; (2) [c]apacities for seeking, hearing, and
speaking; (3) [u]nderstanding, carrying out, and remembering simple instructions;
(4) [u]se of judgment; (5) [r]esponding appropriately to supervision, co-workers
and usual work situations; and (6) [d]ealing with changes in a routine work
setting.

20 C.F.R. § 416.922(b).
4

alone is disabling. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920 The claimant bears the burden of providing
medical evidence demonstrating an impairment and its severity.

Id. at §

416.912(a). If the claimant does not have a severe impairment or combination of
impairments, the Commissioner will determine the claimant is not disabled. Id. at
§ 416.920(a)(4)(ii) and (c). At the second step, the ALJ determined Parker has the
following severe impairments: depression, borderline intellectual functioning,
hiatal hernia, and osteoarthritis status post history of lower extremity fractures. (R.
21).
If the claimant has a severe impairment or combination of impairments, the
Commissioner must then determine whether the impairment meets or equals one of
the “Listings” found in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. 20 C.F.R. §
416.920(a)(4)(iii) & (d). The claimant bears the burden of proving his impairment
meets or equals one of the Listings. Reynolds-Buckley, 457 F. App’x at 863. If the
claimant’s impairment meets or equals one of the Listings, the Commissioner will
determine the claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R § 416.920(a)(4)(iii) and (d). At the
third step, the ALJ determined Parker did not have an impairment or combination
of impairments that meet or medically equal the severity of one of the Listings. (R.
21-24).
If the claimant’s impairment does not meet or equal one of the Listings, the
Commissioner must determine the claimant’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”)
5

before proceeding to the fourth step. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(e). A claimant’s RFC is
the most he can do despite his impairment. See id. at § 416.945(a). At the fourth
step, the Commissioner will compare the assessment of the claimant’s RFC with
the physical and mental demands of the claimant’s past relevant work. Id. at §
416.945(a)(4)(iv). “Past relevant work is work that [the claimant] [has] done
within the past 15 years, that was substantial gainful activity, and that lasted long
enough for [the claimant] to learn to do it.” Id. § 416.960(b)(1). The claimant
bears the burden of proving that her impairment prevents him from performing her
past relevant work. Reynolds-Buckley, 457 F. App’x at 863. If the claimant is
capable of performing his past relevant work, the Commissioner will determine the
claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iv) & (f).
Before proceeding to the fourth step, the ALJ determined Parker has the
RFC to perform a limited range of light work. (R. at 24). More specifically, the
ALJ found Parker had the following limitations with regard to light work, as
defined in 20 C.F.R. § 416.967(b):
he can only lift up to 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds
frequently; he can carry up to 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds
frequently he can sit for up to six hours in an eight-hour workday; he
can stand for up to six hours in an eight-hour workday; he can walk
for up to six hours in an eight-hour workday; he can push and pull as
much as he can lift or carry; he can frequently climb ramps and stairs;
he can occasionally climb ladders, ropes and scaffolds; he can
frequently stoop, kneel, crouch and crawl; he should be limited to
performing simple, routine tasks; and he can have occasional contact
with co-workers and supervisors. Occasional contact with co-workers
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and supervisors is defined as the ability to work in proximity to
others, but not on team positions. The claimant can respond
appropriately to the public and can have occasional contact with the
general public.
(Id.). At the fourth step, the ALJ determined Parker was capable of performing his
past relevant work as a hand packager. (Id. at 26). With this determination, the
inquiry ended because if the claimant is capable of performing other work, the
Commissioner will determine the claimant is not disabled. Id.at § 416.920(a)(4)(v)
and (g)(1). The ALJ found Parker had not been under a disability as defined by the
SSA since April 27, 2015. (R. 26).
III. Standard of Review
Review of the Commissioner’s decision is limited to a determination
whether that decision is supported by substantial evidence and whether the
Commissioner applied correct legal standards. Crawford v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
363 F.3d 1155, 1158 (11th Cir. 2004).

A district court must review the

Commissioner’s findings of fact with deference and may not reconsider the facts,
reevaluate the evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner.
Ingram v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 496 F.3d 1253, 1260 (11th Cir. 2007);
Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206, 1210 (11th Cir. 2005). Rather, a district court
must “scrutinize the record as a whole to determine whether the decision reached is
reasonable and supported by substantial evidence.” Bloodsworth v. Heckler, 703
F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983) (internal citations omitted). Substantial evidence
7

is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to
support a conclusion.” Id. It is “more than a scintilla, but less than a
preponderance.” Id. A district court must uphold factual findings supported by
substantial evidence, even if the preponderance of the evidence is against those
findings. Miles v. Chater, 84 F.3d 1397, 1400 (11th Cir. 1996) (citing Martin v.
Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990)).
A district court reviews the Commissioner’s legal conclusions de novo.
Davis v. Shalala, 985 F.2d 528, 531 (11th Cir. 1993). “The [Commissioner’s]
failure to apply the correct law or to provide the reviewing court with sufficient
reasoning for determining that the proper legal analysis has been conducted
mandates reversal.” Cornelius v. Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1143, 1145-46 (11th Cir.
1991).
IV. Discussion
Parker makes three6 arguments in favor of remand. First, he contends the
Appeals Council failed to review new, material and chronologically relevant
evidence by Plaintiff’s treating physician. Second, Parker argues the ALJ’s finding
that Parker can perform his past relevant work is not supported by substantial
evidence and not in accordance with proper legal standards. Finally, he asserts the

6

Plaintiff’s brief actually lists four “errors of law,” but two of the four deal with the new
evidence submitted to the Appeals Council. The court combines those two alleged errors in its
discussion.
8

ALJ erroneously rejected the opinion of an examining consultative psychologist
and substituted her own opinions for that of the medical experts.

The court

addresses each argument below.
A. Evidence Submitted to Appeals Council
Parker argues that the Appeals Council failed to adequately consider the
additional evidence he submitted along with his request for review. (Doc. 9 at 1423). The Commissioner argues that the Appeals Council did not err in failing to
consider the evidence because the evaluation did not create a reasonable
probability of changing the outcome of the ALJ’s decision. (Doc. 14 at 6-9). The
court agrees with the Commissioner.
As a general matter, a claimant is entitled to present evidence at each stage
of the administrative process. Hargress v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 883 F.3d 1302,
1308 (11th Cir. 2018). If a claimant presents evidence after the ALJ’s decision, the
Appeals Council must consider it if it is new, material, and chronologically
relevant. See Washington v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 806 F.3d 1317, 1320 (11th Cir.
2015); Ingram v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 496 F.3d 1253, 1261 (11th Cir.
2007). Evidence is material if a reasonable possibility exists that the evidence
would change the administrative result. Washington, 806 F.3d at 1321. New
evidence is chronologically relevant if it “relates to the period on or before the date
of the [ALJ's] hearing decision.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.970(b), 416.1470(b) (2016). The
9

Appeals Council must grant the petition for review if the ALJ’s “action, findings,
or conclusion is contrary to the weight of the evidence,” including the new
evidence. Ingram, 496 F.3d at 1261 (quotation marks omitted).
At issue here is a physical capacity evaluation by a treating physician, Larry
Scarborough, dated October 27, 2017, that Parker submitted to the Appeals
Council.

(Doc. 9).

The one-page form describes Parker’s conditions as

“osteopenia with back/knee pain; limits his ability to move fast. Slow learner all of
life – Depression, sees mental health.” (R. 7). The form describes Parker’s side
effects with his medication as “none yet” with his back and knee pain medications,
his previous medications upset his stomach, and that his depression medications
make him sleepy. (Id.). As far as limitations, the physical capacities form states
Parker can sit for one hour, stand for less than 15 minutes, and would be expected
to lay down, sleep or sit with legs propped for 3 hours in an 8-hour day. (Id.). It
further states Parker would be expected to be off task 10% in an 8-hour day and
would miss 5 days in a 30-day period due to physical symptoms. (Id.). The form
states the limitations exist back to 3/22/12 and are expected to last 12 or more
months. (Id.). The Appeals Council concluded that this new evidence was not
relevant and “did not consider and exhibit the evidence.” (R. 2).
The court agrees with the Appeals Council that the physical capacities
evaluation form is not material evidence because there is no reasonable probability
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that the new evidence would change the administrative result. Specifically, the
opinions marked on the form are not supported by Dr. Scarborough’s treatment
records, consisting of one visit on March 18, 2016, where Parker presented with a
hernia. (R. 284-91). Those notes indicate Parker described his hernia as “aching,”
and reported “[s]ome discomfort walking” due to the pins in his right hip. (R.
284).

On physical examination, Dr. Scarborough noted some abdominal

tenderness present and positive for hernia. (R. 287). He also noted that Parker’s
right hip hurt with pivoting, decreased range of motion and a little limp when
walking. (R. 288). His pain was characterized as a zero out of ten. (R. 289). Dr.
Scarborough diagnosed Parker with chronic lower abdominal pain, ventral hernia,
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and tobacco use. (R. 288). He also gave Parker
dietary education and encouraged him to exercise. (Id.).
Simply put, this March 18, 2016 treatment note does not support the
conclusions on the October 27, 2017 physical capacities form.

There is no

indication that Dr. Scarborough saw Parker in the intervening nineteen months or
that he reviewed any records from the relevant period.

As such, the court

concludes the form by Dr. Scarborough would not have changed the administrative
result and was not material evidence. Accordingly, the Appeals Council did not err
and it was not required to consider it. Because of this conclusion, the court does

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not address Parker’s argument that the denial of benefits was erroneous when this
new evidence is considered. (Doc. 9 at 34-35).
B. Past Relevant Work
Parker argues that the ALJ failed to adequately develop the record as to the
physical requirements of his past work. (Doc. 9 at 23-29). The Commissioner
responds that the ALJ adequately considered Parker’s prior work history, including
the VE’s testimony and the DOT, and substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s
determination that Parker could perform his past relevant work. (Doc. 14 at 1417). The court agrees with the Commissioner for the following reasons.
“The ALJ has a basic duty to develop a full and fair record.” Henry v.
Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 802 F.3d 1264, 1267 (11th Cir. 2015). Where “there is no
evidence of the physical requirements and demands of the claimant’s past work
and no detailed description of the required duties was solicited or proffered,” the
ALJ “cannot properly determine” the nature of the claimant’s past work, and,
therefore, cannot say whether the claimant is still able to perform that work given
his current limitations. Schnorr v. Bowen, 816 F.2d 578, 581 (11th Cir. 1987). The
Eleventh Circuit has remanded for further inquiry, for instance, where the record
contained “no evidence concerning whether [the claimant] used equipment, the
size and weight of items she was required to use, whether she scrubbed floors or

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merely dusted, or whether she was required to move furniture” in her past work.
Nelms v. Bowen, 803 F.2d 1164, 1165 (11th Cir. 1986).
Here, the record contains evidence regarding the demands of Parker’s past
work as a hand packager. Parker completed a “Work History Report” as part of
his application. (R. 171-74). For each of his former jobs, the form instructed him
to answer a series of questions, including, but not limited to:
• “Describe this job. What did you do all day?”
• “In this job, how many total hours each day did you: Walk? Stand?
Sit? Climb? Stoop? (Bend down and forward at waist) Kneel? (Ned
legs to rest on knees) Crouch? (Bend legs & back down & forward)
Crawl? (Move on hands & knees) Handle, grab or grasp big objects?
Reach? “Write, type of handle small objects?”
• “Explain what you lifted, how far you carried it, and how often you
did this.”
(Id. at 172-74). The form also asked Parker to indicate for each job the “heaviest
weight lifted,” as well as the weight most “frequently lifted . . . from 1/3 to 2/3 of
the workday.” (Id.).
With regard to the hand packager job, Parker answered all these questions
indicating, for instance, that he walked for 4 hours, stood for 3 hours, and sat for 1
hour each day. (Id. at 173). He handled small objects, but did not stoop, kneel,
crouch, crawl, or handle, grab or grasp big objects. (Id.). The heaviest weight he
lifted, including frequently lifted, was less than 10 pounds. (Id.).
At the hearing, the ALJ questioned Parker about his past work. (R. 35-37).
Parker testified at the hearing that he worked at a plant where they made parts of
13

cars.7 (R. 36). In that job he “stacked parts” and “placed parts and things” in
baskets. (Id.). Additionally, the ALJ asked the vocational expert to give “a
vocational profile of the prior work of” Parker. (R. 47). While the vocational
expert did not explicitly describe the tasks of a hand packager, she classified this
job as “light physical demand level with an SVP: 2 unskilled” and referred the ALJ
to the listing for the job in the Department of Labor’s Dictionary of Occupational
Titles (“DOT”). (Id.). See 20 C.F.R. § 416.960(b)(2) (stating that an ALJ may
consult a “vocational expert” and the “Dictionary of Occupational Titles” at Step
Four). The DOT contains detailed descriptions of the duties and physical
requirements associated with each occupation, as generally performed in the
economy.
Recently, in a case very similar to the one at issue, the Eleventh Circuit
concluded that “[t]he Work History Report, testimony of [claimant] and the
vocational expert, and the DOT combine to paint a full picture of [claimant]’s past
relevant work . . . ” and found that such evidence sufficient to compare the
claimant’s current abilities to the demands of her previous employment. Holder v.
Social Security Admin., 2019 WL 1934187, at * 4 (11th Cir. May 1, 2019). The
ALJ here had the same information before her in making the determination that

7

The VE characterize this job as a “hand packager” job. (R. 47).
14

Parker could return to his past work. The court finds that this determination is
supported by substantial evidence and Plaintiff is not entitled to any relief.8
C. Rejection of Consultative Psychologist Examination
Parker next contends that the ALJ erred when she gave little weight to the
findings of Dr. Jack L. Bentley, a consultative psychologist, regarding his estimate
of Parker’s intellectual abilities in evaluating Parker’s mental RFC. (Doc. 9 at 2933). The Commissioner responds that the ALJ properly weighed the medical
opinions, including that of Dr. Bentley. (Doc. 14 at 9-14). The court agrees with
the Commissioner.
When evaluating medical opinions, an ALJ “must state with particularity the
weight given to different medical opinions and the reasons therefore.” Winschel v.
Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 631 F.3d 1176, 1179 (11th Cir. 2011).

Some medical

opinions are weightier than others: “the testimony of a treating physician must be
given substantial or considerable weight unless ‘good cause’ is shown to the
contrary,” but the opinion of a one-time examiner is “not entitled to great weight.”

8

Alternatively, the court finds that any purported failure by the ALJ to specifically address
Parker’s relevant work history in her opinion is harmless and not a cause for reversal or remand
for the reasons stated above. There was plenty of evidence in the record regarding Plaintiff’s
past work history and the demands of the jobs. See Diorio v. Heckler, 721 F.2d 726, 728 (11th
Cir. 1983) (holding that the complained-of error was harmless because it did not have an impact
on the step being challenged); Reeves v. Heckler, 734 F.2d 519, 524 (11th Cir.1984) (rejecting a
challenge to an ALJ’s conclusion as harmless error when the ALJ had considered the relevant
evidence in making the disability determination); Hunter v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 609 F. App’x
555, 558 (11th Cir. 2015) (“To the extent that an administrative law judge commits an error, the
error is harmless if it did not affect the judge’s ultimate determination.”).
15

See Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997); Crawford v. Comm'r
of Soc. Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1161 (11th Cir. 2004) (citing McSwain v. Bowen, 814
F.2d 617, 619 (11th Cir. 1987) ). Reasons to assign little weight to a medical
opinion include “when the evidence supports a contrary conclusion.” Sryock v.
Heckler, 764 F.2d 834, 835 (11th Cir. 1985).
The ALJ did not err when she assigned little weight to the opinion of
consultative psychologist Dr. Bentley. The ALJ specifically articulated the reason
for giving little weight to Dr. Bentley’s findings regarding Parker’s intellectual
ability as: “They are not consistent with the treatment records from CED Mental
Health Center” which “has had a long-term relationship with the claimant.” (R.
22). Dr. Bentley examined Parker one time, on February 2, 2012, and diagnosed
Parker with mild mental retardation, among other things. (R. 259-62). As noted
by the ALJ, Dr. Bentley’s report does not explain this diagnosis. (Id.; R. 22).
Additionally, the ALJ properly reviewed all the medical opinions in the record,
including those from the CED Mental Health Center. Although not
contemporaneous with Dr. Bentley’s examination, those records show a diagnosis
of borderline intellectual functioning and/or mild intellectual impairment. (R. 268,
312). The ALJ is permitted to attach more weight to the medical professionals at
the CED Mental Health Center, where he was treated numerous times and over a
longer period of time, than to Dr. Bentley, who examined Parker once. See 20
16

C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2); McSwain v. Bowen, 814 F.2d 617, 619 (11th Cir. 1987)
(a one-time examiner need not be given deference by the Commissioner).
V. Conclusion
Having reviewed the administrative record and considered all of the
arguments presented by the parties, the undersigned find the Commissioner’s
decision is supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with applicable
law. Therefore, the court finds that the ALJ’s decision is due to be AFFIRMED.
A separate order will be entered.
DATED this 8th day of July, 2019.

_________________________________
JOHN E. OTT
Chief United States Magistrate Judge

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