McCune v. Social Security Administration, Commissioner

Filing 11

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION. Signed by Judge R David Proctor on 3/14/2014. (AVC)

FILED
2014 Mar-14 PM 02:55
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
NORTHEASTERN DIVISION
THOMAS CLAY MCCUNE,
Plaintiff,
v.
MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner
Social Security Administration,
Defendant.

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Case No.: 5:12-CV-3884-RDP

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
Plaintiff Thomas McCune (“Plaintiff”) protectively filed a claim for a period of disability
and disability insurance benefits (“DIB”) pursuant to Title II of Section 205(g) of the Social
Security Act (the “Act”). See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Plaintiff now seeks review of the decision by
the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“Commissioner”) denying his claim.
Based on the court’s review of the record and the briefs submitted by the parties, this court finds
that the Commissioner’s decision is due to be affirmed.
I.

Proceedings Below
Plaintiff filed his application for benefits on December 2, 2009, alleging disability

beginning on July 8, 2009. (Tr. 153). His claim was denied by the Social Security Administration
on March 8, 2010. (Tr. 61). Plaintiff then timely filed a request for a hearing before an
Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) on March 22, 2010. (Tr. 66). Plaintiff’s request was granted,
and he received a hearing before ALJ Patrick Digby via video teleconference on April 22, 2011.
(Tr. 29-58, 80). On June 7, 2011, the ALJ issued a decision finding that Plaintiff was not
disabled under sections 216(i) and 223(d) of the Act. (Tr. 14-24). After notification of the ALJ’s
decision, Plaintiff timely filed an appeal with the Appeals Council on June 30, 2011, which was

denied, making the ALJ’s decision the final decision of the Commissioner. (Tr. 1-3).
Accordingly, this case is properly before this court for appellate review. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
II.

Statement of Facts
Plaintiff was born on April 10, 1966, making him 45 years old at the time of the hearing.

(Tr. 123, 153). Plaintiff graduated from high school, but stated that he attended special education
classes, which indicates he has a learning disability. (Tr. 193). Plaintiff alleges that his disability
under the Act began on July 8, 2009, due to breaking his back three times, depression, and
attempted suicide. (Tr. 189). Plaintiff previously worked as a groundskeeper, lawn sprinkler
installer, and construction worker. (Tr. 44-45, 168-72, 198). However, Plaintiff has not worked
since being laid off in July 2009. (Tr. 16, 143, 305). Plaintiff stated that he was not taking any
medications at the time he filed his disability reports (Tr. 192, 207); however, at the ALJ hearing,
he introduced evidence indicating that he is currently taking “depression pills” known as Celexa.
(Tr. 47-48). Plaintiff was last insured on December 21, 2013. (Tr. 153).
On May 8, 2009, Plaintiff sought medical treatment at Athens-Limestone Hospital. (Tr.
236). Plaintiff was admitted for attempted suicide after taking 26 sleeping pills and was
discharged without medication one day later. Id. Dr. Christopher Edwards, Plaintiff’s treating
physician, noted that Plaintiff was “awake, alert, and oriented” and had good judgment before his
discharge. Id. Dr. Edwards also noted in his progress reports that Plaintiff reported a “0-No Pain”
rating while there and also noted that Plaintiff best learns by verbal instructions and had no
factors affecting learning and/or teaching. (Tr. 252-56).
On March 2, 2010, after the onset of his alleged disability, Plaintiff underwent a
disability physical with Dr. Prem Gulati at Sparkman Medical Clinic on March 2, 2010. (Tr.
300). Dr. Gulati described Plaintiff as a high school graduate who is divorced with two children,

2

does not work, and smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. (Tr. 300). Dr. Gulati noted that Plaintiff
complained of lower back pain stemming from a car accident in 1985 in which he broke his
back, and reported that he was bed ridden for six months while in a back brace, and stayed on
medications thereafter. Id. Dr. Gulati also noted that Plaintiff received no further treatment but
reported that the pain is constant, ranging from sharp to achy, and gets “worse with moving
around.” Id. In the medical records submitted by Sparkman Medical Clinic, Dr. Gulati found that
Plaintiff “had no difficulty getting on and off the table;” walked normally without assistance; and
“was able to squat and rise up and was able to do heel and toe walk without difficulty.” (Tr. 301).
Dr. Gulati commented that Plaintiff is “well-developed, well-nourished, neat, and clean,”
“answers questions appropriately,” and “appears to be in no acute distress.” (Tr. 300). After the
examination, Dr. Gulati found that Plaintiff suffers from “chronic low back pain syndrome status
post compression fracture at T12.” (Tr. 302). However, Dr. Gulati noted Plaintiff can do lifting,
sitting, and standing jobs with little difficulty. Id.
On March 3, 2010, Dr. William McDonald conducted a mental disability evaluation of
Plaintiff. (Tr. 305). Dr. McDonald reported that Plaintiff stated his primary illness was chronic
pain resulting from three serious car accidents twenty years ago. Id. Plaintiff indicated to Dr.
McDonald that his pain was a level eight on a scale of one to ten. Id. Plaintiff further stated that
he had a drinking problem in the past and also suffered from depression throughout the years. Id.
Plaintiff reported that he has neither undergone surgery for his physical pain nor received formal
psychiatric help for his depression. (Tr. 305). While Plaintiff denied any suicidal thoughts or
intentions, he did state that he sometimes feels “down and out” and mostly spends his time alone.
(Tr. 305). Further, Plaintiff indicated that he worries about his bills and is “down about his
situation.” (Tr. 307).

3

According to Dr. McDonald’s report, Plaintiff stated that he has been a landscaper “off
and on” for the last twenty-five years, primarily for Southern Management Company. (Tr. 306).
Plaintiff went on to say that he always had good relationships with his supervisors and coworkers and never missed work. Id. Dr. McDonald indicated that Plaintiff lives on his own and
“is capable of independent living.” Id. Although Dr. McDonald found that Plaintiff “appeared
mildly depressed,” he also noted Plaintiff was alert and fully oriented. (Tr. 307). After his
examination, Dr. McDonald further commented that Plaintiff struggled with serial threes but did
complete simple addition and change-making problems; correctly spelled words forward and
backward; and could immediately recall three objects shown to him. Id. However, Plaintiff
could only recall two of the three objects after a five-minute window and did not know his
multiplication tables. Id. Still, Dr. McDonald noted that Plaintiff was able to perform four digits
forward and backward on the Digit Span Task, describe his activities from the day before, and
recall “various remote events” even though he had trouble remembering the dates. Id.
While Plaintiff “seemed to have a limited fund of general information,” he identified the
President, governor, and capital of the United States but could not identify the capital of
Alabama or the number of weeks per year. Id. Additionally, Plaintiff could identify similarities
between objects paired with one another but was unable to interpret simple proverbs. Id. Dr.
McDonald found no “loose associations, tangential or circumstantial thinking, or confusion” and
found his speech to be “slow but within normal limits.” He further noted that no evidence or
report suggested that Plaintiff suffered from “hallucinations, delusions, ideas of reference,
grandiosity, paranoid ideation, unusual phobias, obsessions, or compulsions.” Id. Although Dr.
McDonald described Plaintiff’s judgment and insight as “somewhat limited” due to his intellect,
he estimated Plaintiff’s intelligence level to be in the borderline range. Id.

4

Dr. McDonald also administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition
(“WAIS-III”) to Plaintiff and indicated that the test should be considered a valid indicator of his
intellectual functioning. Id. Plaintiff received a verbal I.Q. score of 69, a performance I.Q. of 70,
and a full scale I.Q. score of 67. (Tr. 308). In conclusion, Dr. McDonald placed Plaintiff in the
“borderline intellectual functioning” range. Id. He maintained that Plaintiff’s “ability to
understand, carry out, and remember simple instructions does not seem to be impaired,” but he
will have “difficulty with more complex tasks.” Id. Further, Plaintiff’s “ability to respond
appropriately to supervisors, co-workers, and work pressures is also likely to be mildly
impaired” even though he responded appropriately with the examiner. Id.
On January 17, 2011, Plaintiff received X-ray reports pertaining to his back pain for both
his lumbar and thoracic spine. (Tr. 351-52). The X-ray reports show that “superior endplate
irregularity is seen within the upper lumbar spine” and “mild wedging of the T12 vertebral body
is also identified”—all of uncertain age. (Tr. 352). Additionally, the X-ray reports showed that
“pisiform is a lower thoracic spine at T11-T12” and “could represent prior compression fracture
injuries of uncertain age.” (Tr. 353).
On February 15, 2011, Plaintiff presented himself to Athens-Limestone Hospital again
with additional thoughts of suicide. (Tr. 340). This time, Plaintiff indicated that he planned to
commit suicide by shooting himself, even though he did not have a gun or money to buy one. Id.
Plaintiff reported that he feels “helpless and hopeless for his current stressors.” (Tr. 342).
Plaintiff was transferred to the Eliza Coffee Memorial Hospital psych unit, and Dr. Masood
Khan, Plaintiff’s treating physician, diagnosed him with adjustment disorder with depressed
mood and anxiety. (Tr. 340). Plaintiff was then placed on Celexa, an anti-depression drug, while
under surveillance and was discharged at his request two days later after appearing to have low

5

risk for self-harm. Id. The Athens-Limestone Mental Center did not make a follow-up
appointment because Plaintiff was not diagnosed with severe mental illness. Id.
Finally, a vocational expert (“VE”) testified at the hearing before the ALJ on April 22,
2011. (Tr. 51-57). After reviewing Plaintiff’s vocational information, the VE testified that there
were no transferrable skills from his prior skilled jobs as a groundskeeper, lawn sprinkler
installer, and construction worker. (Tr. 52). After the VE was given a hypothetical by the ALJ
asking her to consider an individual with the same age, education, prior work history, and
residual functioning capacity (“RFC”) as Plaintiff, she testified that there are jobs in the nation or
region such as an inspector and hand packager, garment sorter, and power screwdriver operator
that this hypothetical person could perform. (Tr. 52-53). While the VE testified that Plaintiff’s
WAIS-III assessment indicated low levels of comprehension, she stated that its significance
depends upon the job because “some jobs don’t require very much comprehension.” (Tr. 56).
III.

ALJ Decision
Determination of disability under the Act requires a five-step analysis. See 20 C.F.R. §

404.1, et. seq. First, the ALJ determines whether a claimant is engaging in substantial gainful
activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(b). "Substantial work activity" is work activity that involves
doing significant physical or mental activities. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1572(a). "Gainful work activity"
is work that is done for pay or profit. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1572(b). If a claimant engages in gainful
work activity, then the claimant cannot claim disability. Second, the ALJ determines whether a
claimant has a medically determinable impairment or combination of impairments that
significantly limits the claimant's ability to perform basic work activities.

Absent such

impairment, a claimant may not claim disability. Third, the Commissioner determines whether a
claimant's impairment meets or equals an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpart P,

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Appendix 1 (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, and 404.1526). If such criteria are met, the
claimant is declared disabled.
If a claimant does not fulfill the requirements necessary to be declared disabled under the
third step, the ALJ may still find disability under the next two steps of the analysis. The ALJ
must first determine a claimant's RFC, which refers to the claimant's ability to work despite his
impairments. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(e). In the fourth step, the ALJ determines whether a
claimant has the RFC to perform past relevant work. If a claimant is determined to be capable of
performing past relevant work, then he is deemed not disabled. If the ALJ finds a claimant
unable to perform past relevant work, then the analysis proceeds to the fifth and final step.
In the last part of the analysis, the ALJ must determine whether a claimant is able to
perform any other work commensurate with his RFC, age, education, and work experience. 20
C.F.R. § 404.1520(g). Here, the burden of proof shifts from the claimant to the ALJ to prove the
existence, in significant numbers, of jobs in the national economy that the claimant can do given
his RFC, age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1512(g), 404.1560(c).
In this case, the ALJ initially determined that Plaintiff met the necessary insured status
requirements under the Act to claim disability and DIB. (Tr. 16). Next, the ALJ made the
following determinations: (1) Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful activity during his
alleged disability period; (2) Plaintiff has three severe impairments—status post compression
fracture at T12 disc, borderline intellectual functioning, and adjustment disorder with depressed
mood and anxiety; (3) Plaintiff’s impairments or a combination thereof do not meet or medically
equal one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1; (4) Plaintiff
has the RFC to perform unskilled, light work;1 (5) Plaintiff cannot perform any past relevant

1

The ALJ stated, “[U]nskilled, light work [is] defined as lifting and carrying 20 pounds occasionally and
10 pounds frequently, sitting for up to 6 hours in an 8 hour workday with normal breaks, and standing for up to 6
7

work; and (6) there are jobs in the national economy that Plaintiff is able to perform. (Tr. 16-23).
Based upon these findings, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not disabled and denied Plaintiff’s
claim for disability benefits. (Tr. 24).
IV.

Plaintiff’s Argument for Reversal
Plaintiff alleges two specific errors in the ALJ’s decision denying his disability. First,

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in finding that he had a high school education. (Pl’s Br. 2-7).
In support of this allegation, Plaintiff asserts that Dr. McDonald’s evaluation, his WAIS-III
scores, and the testimony given at the hearing show that he does not have a high school
education. Id. As a result, Plaintiff argues that the VE’s testimony was flawed because she took
an inaccurate view of his education level into consideration when making her determinations.
(Pl.’s Br. 8).
Second, Plaintiff alleges that Dr. McDonald and the ALJ should have classified him
under “mild mental retardation” rather than “borderline intellectual functioning.” (Pl.’s Br. 3, 811). As such, Plaintiff alleges that he meets section 12.05(C) of the Listing of Impairments and is
presumptively disabled. (Pl’s Br. 11); see 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. Thus,
Plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred in finding that he does not have an impairment or
combination of impairments that meet or medically equal Listing 12.05. (Pl.’s Br. 3, 8-11).
V.

Standard of Review
The only issues before this court are whether the record reveals substantial evidence to

sustain the ALJ’s decision, see 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Walden v. Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838
(11th Cir. 1982), and whether the correct legal standards were applied. See Lamb v. Bowen, 847

hours in an 8 hours [sic] workday with normal breaks. The claimant is able to remember, understand, and carry out
simple instructions and maintain concentration for an 8 hour workday in 2 hour increments with all normal breaks.
Additionally, the claimant would require occasional (up to 1/3 of the workday) contact with the general public and
any changes in work environment should be infrequent and gradually introduced.” (Tr. 18).
8

F.2d 698, 701 (11th Cir. 1988); Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). Title 42,
United States Code, Sections 405(g) and 1383(c) mandate that the Commissioner’s findings are
conclusive if supported by “substantial evidence.” Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th
Cir. 1990). The district court may not reconsider the facts, reevaluate the evidence, or substitute
its judgment for that of the Commissioner; instead, it must review the final decision as a whole
and determine if the decision is reasonable and supported by substantial evidence. See id. (citing
Bloodsworth v. Heckler, 703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983)).
Substantial evidence falls somewhere between a scintilla and a preponderance of
evidence; “[i]t is such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to
support a conclusion.” Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529 (quoting Bloodsworth, 703 F.2d at 1239) (other
citations omitted). If supported by substantial evidence, the Commissioner’s factual findings
must be affirmed even if the evidence preponderates against the Commissioner’s findings. See
Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529. While the court acknowledges that judicial review of the ALJ’s
findings is limited in scope, the court also notes that review “does not yield automatic
affirmance.” Lamb, 847 F.2d at 701.
VI.

Discussion
After careful review, the court concludes that the ALJ’s findings are supported by

substantial evidence and that the ALJ applied the correct legal standards.
A.

The ALJ’s Determination that Plaintiff Had a High School Education is
Supported by Substantial Evidence.

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ mischaracterized his education level which led to the VE’s
flawed testimony. (Pl.’s Br. 5-8). “High school education and above means abilities in reasoning,
arithmetic, and language skills acquired through formal schooling at a 12th grade level or above.
We generally consider that someone with these educational abilities can do semi-skilled through
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skilled work.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(4). Plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred in concluding he
had a high school education because evidence in the record suggested he was in special
education classes, could read and write “very little,” and had I.Q. scores in the “mild retardation”
range. (Tr. 7-8). However, Plaintiff’s argument fails for two reasons: (1) his reliance on these
facts is insufficient to establish that he is not functioning at a high school education level,2 and
(2) he does not present any impact evidence indicating how a lower educational assessment
would have affected his ability to perform the VE’s proposed jobs.
The numerical grade level completed in school may or may not be an accurate indicator
of a claimant’s actual educational abilities—it could be lower or higher. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1564(b). In evaluating a claimant’s education level, the ALJ may also consider “other
information about how much formal or informal education [a claimant] may have had through
[his] previous work, community projects, hobbies, and any other activities which might help
[him] work.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(6); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(a). Furthermore,
evidence of a claimant’s status without evidence of its impact on the claimant’s ability to
perform the jobs the VE proposed is insufficient to conclude that the ALJ’s decision is not
supported by substantial evidence. Lipson v. Barnhart, 347 F. Supp. 2d 1182, 1187-88 (M.D.
Ala. 2004) (finding that claimant’s belief that the ALJ made a “technical misstatement” as to her
education level does not constitute reversible error and without evidence of impact—how the
assessment actually impacted her ability to perform the vocational jobs—the court could not
conclude that the ALJ’s finding was unsupported by the record); see also Perez v. Barnhart, 415
F.3d 457, 464 (5th Cir. 2005) (noting Plaintiff failed to show how a lower education level would
have impacted the VE’s suggested jobs).

2

See Lipson v. Barnhart, 347 F. Supp. 2d 1182, 1187 (M.D. Ala. 2004).
10

Here, contrary to Plaintiff’s assertions otherwise, substantial evidence exists to support
the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff had “at least a high school education.” Plaintiff testified at the
hearing that he graduated from high school. (Tr. 39). While Plaintiff testified that he attended
special education classes and had trouble reading and writing (Tr. 39, 43), these facts do not
compel the conclusion that he did not have a high school education. See Lipson, 347 F. Supp. 2d
at 1187 (affirming the ALJ’s finding that a claimant with “borderline intellectual functioning”
who read at a third-grade level had a tenth grade education because she completed the tenth
grade and consistently held job positions which required intellectual functioning); see also Perez,
415 F.3d at 463-64 (finding substantial evidence of a high school education when claimant
graduated from high school even though he was enrolled in special education classes in high
school, had trouble spelling, and could not fill out a job application).
Despite Plaintiff’s limited reading and writing abilities, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff filled
out his own disability paperwork without assistance, reporting that he could read, understand,
and write more than his name. (Tr. 20). The ALJ also noted that Plaintiff has consistently worked
semi-skilled and skilled jobs since high school.3 Id. Additionally, there is no evidence in the
record that Plaintiff had to receive special accommodations as a result of his borderline
intellectual functioning while working those jobs. (Tr. 20). Rather, he appears to be similar to the
Plaintiff in Lipson who had a low reading level but had heightened intellectual functioning as to
her vocational ability. Thus, Plaintiff’s reliance on his special education classes and limited
ability to read and write is simply not enough to overcome the deferential standard afforded to
the ALJ. Instead, Plaintiff’s own testimony, his extensive past work history in semi-skilled and

3

According to 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(4), this is consistent with a high school education by definition.

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skilled jobs, and his ability to fill out his own disability paperwork provide substantial evidence
to support the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff had “at least a high school education.”
As a result, the VE’s testimony was not flawed based on the ALJ’s posed hypothetical.
The ALJ, while asking the VE to consider a person of the same age, education, and prior work
history as Plaintiff, explicitly instructed the VE to consider that this individual could “read some
and write some” but has difficulty in both. (Tr. 52) Only after considering these limitations did
the VE determine that Plaintiff could perform jobs such as an inspector and handpackager,
garment sorter, and power screwdriver operator—all of which fit within the ALJ’s specified
limitations to light, unskilled work. (Tr. 53). When directly questioned by Plaintiff’s counsel at
the hearing, the VE did agree that Plaintiff’s reading and comprehension score and vocabulary
score likely placed him at an elementary level. (Tr. 57). However, even despite these low scores,
the VE testified that these factors may have little significance vocationally because some jobs
require little of either.4 (Tr. 56).
Finally, even if the ALJ erred in finding that Plaintiff had a high school education (and, to
be clear, that is not the case here), Plaintiff did not present any evidence showing how a lower
educational assessment would have impacted his ability to perform the vocational jobs suggested
by the VE. See Lipson, 347 F. Supp. 2d at 1187-88. Plaintiff previously worked semi-skilled and
skilled jobs and testified to working those types of jobs since high school. (Tr. 44, 52). The VE’s
proposed jobs fell within unskilled, light work with even further limitations placed on that
category by the ALJ. (Tr. 52-53). With these considerations in mind, it is difficult to conclude
that the proposed jobs by the VE would require more intellectual functioning than Plaintiff’s past
relevant work history, and it is equally as difficult to conclude that a lower educational

4

For example, the VE testified that a skilled vocabulary may not be necessary to perform many jobs
because “[workers are] doing one specific job, and they’re taught that job.” (Tr. 56).
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assessment would prove him incapable of performing the VE’s proposed jobs. The ALJ
appropriately described Plaintiff and his functioning limitations to the VE in the form of a
hypothetical, and Plaintiff has failed to show how any change in the ALJ’s technical educational
categorization would affect his ability to perform the jobs proposed by the VE.
Thus, in light of the evidence in the record, the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff had a high
school education is supported by substantial evidence. And even if the ALJ made a “technical
misstatement” as to Plaintiff’s education, Plaintiff has failed to show how it affects his ability to
perform the jobs proposed by the VE.
B.

The ALJ Did Not Err in Finding Plaintiff Did Not Meet the Listing of
Impairments Requirement for Mental Retardation, Listing 12.05(C).

Plaintiff next alleges that the ALJ erred in classifying him under “borderline intellectual
functioning.” (Pl.’s Br. 9). Plaintiff argues that the use of his lowest I.Q. score of the three
produced by the WAIS-III test places him within the “mild mental retardation” category, thereby
making him presumptively disabled under Section 12.05(C) of the Listing of Impairments.5 (Pl.’s
Br. 10-11). However, Plaintiff has not fully addressed all of the requirements of Section
12.05(C). That is, although a valid I.Q. score may create a presumption of disability, the analysis
does not begin and end there as Plaintiff suggests. Rather, the ALJ may still reject the claim that
Plaintiff meets listing 12.05 despite a valid I.Q. score falling within 60 and 70 inclusive range
when other evidence in the record indicates that the scores are inconsistent with Plaintiff’s actual
intellectual functioning. See Lowery v. Sullivan, 979 F.2d 835, 837 (11th Cir. 1992); Sellers v.
Barnhart, 246 F. Supp. 2d 1201, 1207-08 (M.D. Ala. 2002).

5

Plaintiff’s assertion that the lowest of his three scores should be the one used in conjunction with Section
12.05 is correct. 20 C.F.R. pt. 404, subpt. P, app. 1, § 12.00(D)(6)(c).

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Section 12.05 provides that “mental retardation refers to significantly subaverage general
intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptive functioning initially manifested during the
developmental period . . . .”6 20 C.F.R. pt. 404, subpt. P, app.1, § 12.05. Moreover, subsection
12.05(C) states that “a valid verbal, performance, or full scale I.Q. of 60 through 70 and a
physical or other mental impairment imposing an additional and significant work-related
limitation or function” qualifies an applicant as disabled. Id. at § 12.05(C). Plaintiff must satisfy
both the requirements in the introductory paragraph of Section 12.05 and the requirements in
Section 12.05(C) in order to meet the listing. See id. at § 12.00(A); see also Pettus v. Astrue, 226
F. App’x 946, 948 (11th Cir. 2007) (unpublished opinion) (stating that a claimant must meet the
requirements in Listing 12.05(C) in addition to the requirements in the introductory paragraph in
Listing 12.05).
While it is true that Plaintiff’s I.Q. scores do fall within the 60 through 70 inclusive
range, the Eleventh Circuit has consistently recognized that “a valid I.Q. score need not be
conclusive of mental retardation where the I.Q. score is inconsistent with other evidence in the
record on the claimant’s daily activities and behavior.” Lowery, 979 F.2d at 837. In other words,
the ALJ must consider the I.Q. score in conjunction with medical reports, daily activities,
behavior, and other evidence in the record when making the determination. See Popp v. Heckler,
779 F.2d 1497, 1499 (11th Cir. 1986); Monroe v. Astrue, 726 F. Supp. 2d 1349, 1355 (N.D. Fla.
2010); Davis v. Astrue, No. 2:07CV880, 2008 WL 2939523, at *3 (M.D. Ala. July 25, 2008)
(affirming the ALJ’s finding that the claimant did not meet the listing requirements of 12.05(C)
despite her I.Q. score of 69 because she had worked in semi-skilled employment, had a twelfth
grade education, received some training in cosmetology and secretarial skills, obtained a driver’s
6

In addition to meeting one of the four criteria listed in subsections (A) through (C), Plaintiff must also
meet these introductory requirements. Monroe v. Astrue, 726 F. Supp. 2d 1349, 1355 (N.D. Fla. 2010).

14

license, had the ability to perform simple addition and subtraction, and had the ability to read and
write).
Although the ALJ did not explicitly address Plaintiff’s I.Q. score in his analysis of
Section 12.05, there is nevertheless substantial evidence in the record to support the ALJ’s
finding that Plaintiff did not meet the listed impairment. The ALJ noted that Plaintiff graduated
high school,7 has worked consistently since graduation in skilled and semi-skilled jobs,8 and read
and completed his social security application without assistance. (Tr. 17).
In addition, the medical report of Dr. McDonald, who administered the WAIS-III test,
further supports the ALJ’s finding. Dr. McDonald estimated Plaintiff’s intelligence in the
borderline range after his mental examination. (Tr. 307). During the examination, Dr. McDonald
found that Plaintiff could complete simple addition and change-making problems, immediately
recall objects shown to him, and spell words both forward and backward. Id. Dr. McDonald
indicated that Plaintiff was “capable of independent living,” could perform four digits forward
and backward on the Digit Span Task, describe his activities from the previous day, and recall
past events.9 Id. Plaintiff seemed to have a limited general knowledge but could identify the
President, the governor of Alabama, and the capital of the United States. Id. Finally, he
concluded that Plaintiff could understand, carry out, and remember simple tasks but would have
difficulty with more complex tasks. (Tr. 309). He also concluded that Plaintiff would likely be
mildly impaired in responding to supervisors and co-workers but could generally manage

7

Plaintiff and his mother testified during the ALJ hearing that Plaintiff was in special education classes
throughout his schooling, but the ALJ noted that as a part of school policy, the school reportedly no longer had
anything on file for Plaintiff. (Tr. 38-39, 42-43).
8

The VE testified at the ALJ hearing that Plaintiff’s past relevant work for the last 15 years contained
medium to heavy skilled or semi-skilled work. (Tr. 52).
9

Dr. McDonald did note that Plaintiff had difficulty remembering the dates of past events. (Tr. 307).

15

financial gains he might receive from working. Id. Based on his examination of Plaintiff, Dr.
McDonald placed Plaintiff in the “borderline intellectual functioning” range. (Tr. 308).
Finally, Plaintiff himself testified during the ALJ hearing that he lives alone, shops for his
own groceries, drives approximately 50 to 60 miles per week, drives to visit his mother
occasionally, does yard work, and can read and recognize others’ driver’s licenses. (Tr. 34-35,
49). Plaintiff also testified that he was aware of the safety concerns and dangers of his past job
and participated in the necessary precautions while working. (Tr. 45). Further, Plaintiff admitted
that he has always worked well with his co-workers and supervisors and never missed work. (Tr.
307). The ALJ noted that Plaintiff did not report that he received any special accommodations at
any of his jobs, “indicating he was able to perform semi-skilled and skilled work without
significant limitations from his lowered intellectual functioning.” (Tr. 20). Although he is not
currently working, Plaintiff testified that he will “walk down the road and maybe pick up little
cans and stuff and sell them” in order to pay for his cigarettes. (Tr. 48).
Despite Plaintiff’s I.Q. scores, the ALJ was permitted to look at these facts which are
indicative of his adaptive functioning and conclude that Plaintiff did not meet the listing in
Section 12.05 for mental retardation. See Harris v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 505 F. App’x 874, 876
(11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished opinion) (affirming the ALJ’s finding that claimant did not meet
Listing 12.05 despite a valid I.Q. score because the psychologists who administered the WAISIII concluded he fell at or above the intellectual borderline range; his previous work included
jobs such as prep cook, dishwasher, and furniture deliverer; and there was no indication that his
mental impairment caused any previous work problems). Thus, based on Plaintiff’s graduation
from high school, past relevant work history, Dr. McDonald’s report, and Plaintiff’s own

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testimony, there is substantial evidence in the record to support the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff
did not meet the requirements in Listing 12.05.
VII.

Conclusion
The court concludes that the ALJ’s determination that Plaintiff is not disabled is

supported by substantial evidence and proper legal standards were applied in reaching this
determination. The Commissioner’s final decision is therefore due to be affirmed, and a separate
order in accordance with this memorandum of decision will be entered.
DONE and ORDERED this March 14, 2014.

_________________________________
R. DAVID PROCTOR
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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