Yaeger v. Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc. et al

Filing 26

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge L Scott Coogler on 9/18/12. (KGE, )

FILED
2012 Sep-18 AM 09:37
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
WESTERN DIVISION
ERNEST W. YAEGER, JR.,
Plaintiff;
vs.
WYNDHAM VACATION
RESORTS, INC., et al.,
Defendants.

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7:11-cv-3958-LSC

MEMORANDUM OF OPINION
I.

Introduction
Before the Court is Defendants’ “Motion to Dismiss, Transfer Venue or, in the

Alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment” filed on January 24, 2012. (Doc. 8.) For
the reasons described below, the Motion to Dismiss is due to be GRANTED in part
and DENIED in part. The Motion to Transfer venue is due to be DENIED as
presently stated, but Defendants are given leave to refile in accordance with the
Court’s instructions in Section III.C., infra. The Motion in the alternative for
Summary Judgment is due to be DENIED with leave to refile at the close of discovery.
II.

Factual Background and Procedural History

Page 1 of 21

Defendant Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc. (“WVR”) is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Wyndham Vacation Ownership (“WVO”; collectively “Wyndham”),
one of the world’s largest timeshare companies. Wyndham develops, markets, and
sells vacation ownership interests, and provides consumer financing to owners.
Ownership interests are reflected by an allocation of “points” proportionate to each
owner’s interest. These points can then be used to make reservations at various
resorts.
Plaintiff is one of Wyndham’s top point holders, and belongs to the highest level
of a three-tiered VIP Program. He claims to have been enticed to the highest levels of
ownership by Wyndham’s repeated promises about the benefits that would come with
additional points. Plaintiff complains that Wyndham has altered or eliminated many
of these expected benefits, including the promise of unlimited guest certificates and
the ability to sell or transfer points to other owners. Additionally, Plaintiff alleges that
the merger of Wyndham’s point program with Resort Condominiums International,
LLC (“RCI”), has diluted the value of Wyndham ownership and has made it difficult
or impossible to make some reservations. Plaintiff contends that deceptive sales
practices, changes to benefits, and devaluing of ownership are all part of a “systematic
scheme”directed at himself and other VIP owners. (Doc. 1 at 8.)

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Plaintiff filed a complaint in this case on November 18, 2011, against WVO,
WVR, and RCI (collectively “Defendants”). (Doc. 1.) The Complaint contains
thirteen separate claims for relief: fraud; fraud in the inducement; suppression; breach
of contract; wantonness; breach of fiduciary duty; negligence; negligent hiring,
training, supervision, and retention; wanton hiring, training, supervision, and
retention; unjust enrichment; a claim for an accounting; a claim for injunctive relief;
and a claim for civil conspiracy to commit fraud, fraudulent inducement, and
suppression. (Id.)
The allegations and claims for relief in Plaintiff’s complaint are virtually
identical to those stated in complaints filed in three other cases currently pending
before this Court: Sirmon v. Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc., 7:10-cv-02717-LSC;
Spearman v. Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc., 7:11-cv-3960-LSC; and Brouwer v.
Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc., 7:11-cv-3959-LSC. The initial complaint in Sirmon
was filed approximately 13 months before this action, and the complaints in Spearman
and Brouwer were filed simultaneously with the one in this case. Defendants in this
action are also the named defendants in each of the other three cases. The only
paragraphs that differ among these complaints are the ones identifying the plaintiffs
and the paragraph identifying the specific representations made to the individual
plaintiffs.
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The Sirmon case has set the tone and tempo for the three cases that followed.
On December 1, 2011, the defendants moved this Court to dismiss all of the claims
raised in the Sirmon complaint. Sirmon v. Wyndham Vacation Resorts, Inc., No.
10-2717, Docs. 62 & 64. On April 17, 2012, this Court issued an order denying
dismissal as to the fraud-based claims (counts 1-3 of the complaint), granting dismissal
as to the claim for injunctive relief (count 12), and deferring its ruling on the
remaining counts until the Sirmon plaintiffs had an opportunity to file an addendum
to their complaint. Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 100. The Court’s order on the
remaining counts in Sirmon is being issued herewith.
On January 24, 2012, while the motions to dismiss were still pending in Sirmon,
Defendants filed the present Motion to Dismiss, Transfer Venue, or in the alternative,
for Summary Judgment. (Doc. 8.) The arguments in the present motion relating to
dismissal are virtually identical to the arguments raised in the pending Sirmon motion.
Thus, the portion of this Opinion addressing Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss will
pattern and reference the opinion being issued in Sirmon. However, unlike the
motions in Sirmon, which only contained arguments relating to dismissal, the motion
in this case also includes arguments regarding venue and summary judgment. (Doc.
8.) These issues are addressed in the Court’s Opinion below.
III.

Motion to Transfer Venue
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With regard to Defendants’ Motion to Transfer Venue, the parameters of
Defendants’ argument are presently unclear and thus require further clarification.
Defendants raise three separate arguments regarding venue: (1) venue should rest in
Florida pursuant to an agreed upon forum selection clause, (2) venue should be
transferred to Missouri pursuant to the doctrine of forum non conveniens, and (3) venue
is inappropriate in Alabama under 28 U.S.C. § 1391. For the reasons described below,
the Court rejects Defendants’ first two arguments. Defendants’ third argument is
rejected as presently stated; however, the Court invites Defendants, if they so choose,
to a renew their motion in accordance with the Court’s instructions in Section C
below.
A.

Forum Selection Clause

Defendants argue that venue in the Northern District of Alabama is
inappropriate because a choice-of-forum clause in the FairShare Vacation Plan Use
Management Trust Agreement (“Trust Agreement”) mandates a Florida forum. The
referenced clause, entitled “Construction of Trust Agreement,” provides in
pertinent part:
Any action brought to enforce the terms or interpret any provision of this
Trust Agreement or any other action in any manner relating to the Trust,
the Trustee, the Trust Properties or the Plan shall be brought in the State
Courts in Orange County, Florida or the Federal District Courts for the
Middle District of Florida.
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(Doc. 10-1, § 14.01.)
As an initial matter, for the same reasons stated in the opinion being
simultaneously issued in Sirmon, the Court does not agree that the FairShare Vacation
Plan Use Management Trust (the “Trust”) is an indispensable party to this litigation.
See Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 149. Indeed, the Court finds no reason why complete
relief cannot be accorded among the current parties to the lawsuit without the
inclusion of the Trust. The Trust Agreement, therefore, is arguably wholly irrelevant
to this dispute. Nonetheless, even if the Trust Agreement is applicable, the forum
selection clause is drafted in a manner that excludes the conduct comprising the crux
of Plaintiff’s complaint.
The forum selection clause is included within a paragraph captioned
“Construction of Trust Agreement” and appears to be directly targeting disputes
about the interpretation or enforcement of the Trust Agreement. This dispute, in
contrast, is about the allegedly fraudulent and deceptive sales tactics employed by
Defendants to entice Plaintiff into higher levels of ownership. While Plaintiff’s
complaint mentions the Trust Agreement, the heart of this dispute relates to
fraudulent oral representations that have nothing to do with the “Construction” of
the Trust Agreement.

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Defendants assert a broader interpretation of the forum selection clause than
the one accepted by this Court. Specifically, Defendants contend that this action falls
within the catchall provision of the forum selection clause which reaches “any other
action in any manner relating to the Trust.” This language, however, does not appear
to include claims for fraudulent misrepresentation and suppression, particularly since
the heading of the paragraph limits the scope to “Construction of [the] Trust
Agreement.” If the forum selection clause was intended to have a broader application,
that intention should have been clearly stated. In addition, Alabama law directs that
any ambiguity is to be construed against the drafter. See Southtrust Bank v. Copeland
One, L.L.C., 886 So. 2d 38, 43 (Ala. 2003) (“It is a well-established rule of contract
construction that any ambiguity in a contract must be construed against the drafter of
the contract.”). Accordingly, Defendants request that the Court transfer this case to
Florida is due to be denied.
B.

Forum Non Conveniens

Defendants next argue this matter should be transferred to Missouri pursuant
to the doctrine of forum non conveniens. In considering a motion for dismissal on
grounds of forum non conveniens, the Court must “consider all relevant factors of
private interest, weighing in the balance a strong presumption against disturbing
plaintiffs’ initial forum choice.” SME Racks, Inc. v. Sistemas Mecanicos Para
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Electronica, S.A., 382 F.3d 1097, 1100 (11th Cir. 2004). Then, the Court must
“determine whether or not factors of public interest tip the balance in favor of a trial
in a foreign forum.” Id. Importantly, “unless the balance is strongly in favor of the
defendant, the plaintiff's choice of forum should rarely be disturbed.” Id. at 1100–01
(quoting Gulf Oil Corporation v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501, 508 (1947)).
Among the private interest factors a court considers in the forum non conveniens
analysis are: (1) the relative ease of access to sources of proof; (2) availability of
compulsory process for attendance of unwilling, and the cost of obtaining attendance
of willing, witnesses; (3) possibility of view of the premises, if view would be
appropriate to the action; and (4) all other practical problems that make trial of a case
easy, expeditious and inexpensive. SME Racks, 382 F.3d at 1100 (quoting Gilbert, 330
U.S. at 508–09). The Court is not convinced that any of these factors suggest Missouri
is a more convenient forum. Defendants have not established that access to sources
of proof or witnesses would be enhanced by adjudication in Missouri. In contrast,
Plaintiff asserts, and Defendants did not contest, that “the majority of the witnesses
are located in Florida, which is far closer to Alabama than Missouri.” (Doc. 20 at 13.)
Other than the fact that Missouri is Plaintiff’s place of residence, there does not
appear to be anything that would lead this Court to conclude that Missouri is more
convenient than the Northern District of Alabama.
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The Court likewise disagrees that public interest factors dictate that this case
should be transferred to Missouri. Although there is perhaps a localized interest in
having a case involving a Missouri plaintiff tried before a jury of Missouri citizens, this
fact, standing alone, is not enough to require transfer of this litigation. Forum non
conveniens is a discretionary doctrine that should only be applied to disturb the
plaintiff’s chosen forum when the balance of public and private factors is “strongly
in favor of the defendant.” Gilbert, 330 U.S. at 508. Indeed, the Eleventh Circuit has
held there is a “strong presumption against disturbing [a] plaintiff[’s] initial forum
choice.” SME Racks, 382 F.3d at 1100. Defendants have not demonstrated that these
factors weigh so strongly in their favor that Plaintiff’s choice is due to be rejected.
Accordingly, the Motion to Transfer Venue on forum non conveniens grounds is due
to be denied.
C.

28 U.S.C. § 1391

Defendants’ final argument is that the Northern District of Alabama is an
inappropriate venue because 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) dictates venue should lie in
Missouri. Section 1391(b) provides:
(b) Venue in general.—A civil action may be brought in—
(1) a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all
defendants are residents of the State in which the district is located;

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(2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or
omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of
property that is the subject of the action is situated; or
(3) if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be
brought as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any
defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to
such action.
28 U.S.C. § 1391(b).
Beginning with § 1391(b)(1), Defendants argue that venue is inappropriate in
Alabama under this provision because the statute’s requirement that all defendants
reside in the forum is not satisfied. Specifically, Defendants point out that WVO is not
a resident because it is not subject to personal jurisdiction in Alabama. A corporation,
for venue purposes, only resides in a judicial district where it is subject to personal
jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(c). Therefore, Defendants argue, venue would be
improper under § 1391(b)(1).
“A federal court sitting in diversity undertakes a two-step inquiry in
determining whether personal jurisdiction exists: the exercise of jurisdiction must (1)
be appropriate under the state long-arm statute and (2) not violate the Due Process
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.” United
Technologies Corp. v. Mazer, 556 F.3d 1260, 1274 (11th Cir. 2009). Because the due
process guarantees of the Alabama Constitution are coextensive with that of the
Constitution of the United States, this Court turns to the question whether the
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requirements for personal jurisdiction under the Due Process Clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment have been satisfied. See Ex parte Georgia Farm Bur. Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co., 889 So. 2d 545, 550 (Ala. 2004).
“Considerations of due process require that a non-resident defendant have
certain minimum contacts with the forum, so that the exercise of jurisdiction does not
offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.” Consol. Dev. Corp. v.
Sherritt, Inc., 216 F.3d 1286, 1291 (11th Cir. 2000); see also Int’l Shoe Co. v.
Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945). The sufficiency of the defendant’s contacts
with the forum state depends on the quantity and quality of those contacts, as well as
the type of personal jurisdiction being asserted: specific or general. Id. In his
responsive brief, Plaintiff “concede[s] that specific jurisdiction does not exist in this
case.” (Doc. 20 at 12.) Therefore, the Court must determine whether WVO has
sufficient contacts with Alabama to give rise to general personal jurisdiction.
“The due process requirements for general personal jurisdiction are more
stringent than for specific personal jurisdiction, and require a showing of continuous
and systematic general business contacts between the defendant and the forum state.”
Meier ex rel. Meier v. Sun Int'l Hotels, Ltd., 288 F.3d 1264, 1274 (11th Cir. 2002)
(citations omitted). “For an individual, the paradigm forum for the exercise of general
jurisdiction is the individual’s domicile; for a corporation, it is an equivalent place,
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one in which the corporation is fairly regarded as at home.” Goodyear Dunlop Tires
Operations, S.A. v. Brown, __U.S.__, 131 S. Ct. 2846, 2853–54 (2011).
The Supreme Court’s decisions regarding general personal jurisdiction set forth
a bar that is difficult to reach. Despite considering general jurisdiction on a few
occasions, see, e.g., Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408
(1984); Goodyear, 131 S. Ct. 2846, the Supreme Court has only recognized general
jurisdiction over a corporate entity in one circumstance. See Perkins v. Benguet Consol.
Mining Co., 342 U.S. 437 (1952). In Perkins, a Philippine company temporarily moved
its corporate headquarters to Ohio during World War II. The Court noted a variety
of contacts with Ohio, including holding directors’ meetings and keeping company
files in the state, distributing salary from Ohio bank accounts, and supervising
overseas projects from Ohio. Id. at 445. As the only case where general jurisdiction
has been recognized, Perkins “remains ‘[t]he textbook case of general jurisdiction
appropriately exercised over a foreign corporation that has not consented to suit in the
forum.’” Goodyear, 131 S. Ct. at 2856 (quoting Donahue v. Far Eastern Air Transport
Corp., 652 F.2d 1032, 1037 (C.A.D.C. 1981). Accordingly, Perkins in many ways is the
benchmark for attaining general jurisdiction over a corporation that neither has its
principal place of business nor is incorporated within the chosen forum state.
Goodyear, 131 S. Ct. at 2857 (measuring the defendant’s contacts against those found
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in Perkins and finding the defendants were not “at home” in the forum where suit was
filed).
The Court agrees with Defendants that WVO is not subject to general personal
jurisdiction within the state of Alabama in this matter. WVO does not have the type
of “continuous and systematic” contacts with the state that the Supreme Court and
the Eleventh Circuit have deemed necessary to subject a party to general personal
jurisdiction. WVO is incorporated in Delaware and has its principal place of business
in Florida. Although Plaintiff has shown that other defendants, namely WVR, are
authorized to transact business in Alabama, it has not made such a showing with
respect to WVO. Indeed, WVO is not so authorized. Cf. Keeton v. Hustler Magazine,
Inc., 465 U.S. 770, 779–780 n.11 (1984) (Ohio’s exercise of general jurisdiction was
permissible in Perkins because “Ohio was the corporation’s principal, if temporary,
place of business”). It is the Plaintiff that “bears the initial burden of alleging in the
complaint sufficient facts to make out a prima facie case of jurisdiction.” Mazer, 556
F.3d 1274. Plaintiff failed to allege sufficient facts establishing that WVO should be
fairly deemed “at home” within the state of Alabama and thus has not carried this
burden. Goodyear, 131 S. Ct. at 2854. Therefore it would be unwarranted for this Court
to subject WVO to the personal jurisdiction of the Court.

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Finding personal jurisdiction is lacking as to WVO, this Court turns to the
resulting impact on this litigation. If Defendants are seeking to have WVO dismissed
from this lawsuit, the appropriate motion would no doubt have been a motion to
dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2) for lack of personal
jurisdiction. The Court, however, is uncertain whether Defendants intended to seek
relief in this manner. Defendants’ motion asks the Court to dismiss this action
“pursuant to Rules 9(b), 12(b)(3) [improper venue], 12(b)(6), 12(b)(7), 19, and 56 of
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.” (Doc. 8 at 1, emphasis added.) Defendants
never expressly reference Rule 12(b)(2).
Notwithstanding the fact that Defendants did not explicitly mention Rule
12(b)(2), Defendants’ brief presents detailed arguments that WVO is not subject to
personal jurisdiction. Structurally, however, those arguments are located in the
section of the brief attacking venue in Alabama, which is framed as a motion under
Rule 12(b)(3). Because Defendants’ arguments regarding personal jurisdiction appear
to be raised in a motion under Rule 12(b)(3), and not Rule 12(b)(2), the Court assumes
that WVO is waiving the lack of personal jurisdiction so that it can participate in this
action.
Therefore, as presently stated, Defendants’ motion with respect to venue under
28 U.S.C. § 1391 is due to be denied. If the Court has misinterpreted WVO’s
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pleading, WVO should file a renewed motion within ten (10) days from the date of this
Opinion asserting its desire to be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2). If, however,
Defendants are only challenging venue and wish to continue to do so, Defendants are
instructed to file within ten (10) days a motion renewing the motion to challenge
venue. Defendants should file a brief in support of said motion to transfer venue, not
to exceed ten (10) pages, and the brief should address the ramifications of WVO
waiving personal jurisdiction as it affects the application of 28 U.S.C. § 1391. Plaintiff
will then have ten (10) days from the filing of Defendants’ motion and brief to submit
a response of not more than ten (10) pages. The Court will then take the motion under
submission without further notice to the parties.
IV.

Motion to Dismiss
The Court will now turn to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss with the

recognition that the impact of the Court’s ruling on this motion may be subsequently
altered depending on Defendants’ response to the Court’s invitation in Section III.C.,
supra.
A.

Legal Standard

A defendant may move to dismiss a complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6) if the plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief may be
granted. “When considering a motion to dismiss, all facts set forth in the plaintiff’s
complaint ‘are to be accepted as true and the court limits its consideration to the
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pleadings and exhibits attached thereto.’” Grossman v. Nationsbank, N.A., 225 F.3d
1228, 1231 (11th Cir. 2000) (quoting GSW, Inc. v. Long County, 999 F.2d 1508, 1510
(11th Cir. 1993)). In addition, all “reasonable inferences” are drawn in favor of the
plaintiff. St. George v. Pinellas County, 285 F.3d 1334, 1337 (11th Cir. 2002).
To survive a 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, the
complaint “does not need detailed factual allegations;” however, the “plaintiff’s
obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than
labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action
will not do. Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the
speculative level, on the assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true
(even if doubtful in fact).” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)
(internal citations omitted).1 The plaintiff must plead “enough facts to state a claim
that is plausible on its face.” Id. at 570. Unless a plaintiff has “nudged [his] claims
across the line from conceivable to plausible,” the complaint “must be dismissed.”
Id.

1

In Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, the U.S. Supreme Court abrogated the oft-cited standard
that “a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt
that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief”
set forth in Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957). Bell Atl. Corp., 550 U.S. at 560-63. The Supreme
Court stated that the “no set of facts” standard “is best forgotten as an incomplete, negative gloss
on an accepted pleading standard: once a claim has been stated adequately, it may be supported by
showing any set of facts consistent with the allegations in the complaint.” Id. at 563.
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“[U]nsupported conclusions of law or of mixed fact and law have long been
recognized not to prevent a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal.” Dalrymple v. Reno, 334 F.3d 991,
996 (11th Cir. 2003) (quoting Marsh v. Butler County, 268 F.3d 1014, 1036 n.16 (11th
Cir. 2001)). And “where the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more
than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged—but it has not
‘show[n]’—‘that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679
(2009) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)). Therefore, the U.S. Supreme Court
suggested that courts adopt a “two-pronged approach” when considering motions to
dismiss: “1) eliminate any allegations in the complaint that are merely legal
conclusions; and 2) where there are well-pleaded factual allegations, ‘assume their
veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to
relief.’” American Dental Ass’n v. Cigna Corp., 605 F.3d 1283, 1290 (11th Cir. 2010)
(quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 664). Importantly, “courts may infer from the factual
allegations in the complaint ‘obvious alternative explanation[s],’ which suggest lawful
conduct rather than the unlawful conduct the plaintiff would ask the court to infer.”
Id. (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 682).
B.

Discussion

There is a great deal of homogeneity between this case and Sirmon v. Wyndham
Vacation Resorts, Inc., No. 10-2717, which is also pending before this Court. Indeed,
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hundreds of pages of the briefs filed by both parties in this action have been replicated
word for word from briefs and other documents previously filed in Sirmon. Going to
great lengths to reproduce the exact same analysis already expressed elsewhere is not
in the best interest of judicial economy. Given the similarity between these two
actions, the portion of this Opinion relating to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss
parallels the equivalent opinion being simultaneously entered in Sirmon. See Sirmon,
No. 10-2717, Doc. 149. This Opinion will express the ultimate decision without
repeating the underlying reasoning.
Therefore, for the same reasons expressed in this Court’s Order of April 17,
2012, in Sirmon, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss is due to be DENIED as to Plaintiff’s
fraud based claims (Counts 1-3 of the complaint), and due to be GRANTED as to
Plaintiff’s claim for injunctive relief (Count 12). See Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 100.
Likewise, for the reasons expressed in the Sirmon opinion being issued herewith,
Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss is due to be DENIED as to the remaining counts of
Plaintiff’s complaint. See Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 149.
The Court acknowledges the omission of a procedural step in this action which
it required in Sirmon. In both Sirmon and the present action, Defendants’ motions to
dismiss argue that the respective complaints utilized impermissible “shotgun” style
pleading. In Sirmon, this Court remedied this problem by requiring the plaintiffs to file
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an addendum to their complaint “identifying which specific factual paragraphs [were]
being offered in support of which specific claims.” Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 100 at
14. It was only after that addendum was filed that this Court concluded Defendants’
motions to dismiss were due to be denied. See Sirmon, No. 10-2717, Doc. 149. The
Court finds no need to repeat this procedural step in the instant action. The only
differences between the Sirmon complaint and the complaint in this case are the
parties listed in the initial paragraphs. Given this similarity, it will be relatively easy for
Defendants to use the addendum to the complaint in Sirmon to clarify any questions
raised by the blanket incorporations used in the pleadings in this case. See Sirmon, No.
10-2717, Doc. 110.
V.

Motion for Summary Judgment
Defendants asked this Court to convert their motion into a motion for summary

judgment to the extent any claims challenged in the Motion to Dismiss are otherwise
not disposed of by the Court. Plaintiff responded by attaching to his responsive brief
an affidavit filed pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d), arguing that
summary judgment is inappropriate without further discovery. (Percy Badham Aff.,
Doc. 20-25.)

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Rule 56(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides a mechanism for
relief where a party faced with a summary judgment motion does not have the facts
necessary to respond to it. The rule provides:
(d) When Facts Are Unavailable to the Nonmovant
If a nonmovant shows by affdavit or declaration that, for
specified reasons, it cannot present facts essential to justify
its opposition, the court may:
(1) defer considering the motion or deny it;
(2) allow time to obtain affidavits or declarations or to take
discovery; or
(3) issue any other appropriate order.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(d). In the present case, Plaintiff seeks further discovery regarding
(1) the creation, purpose and success of Extra Holidays, a division of Wyndham
dedicated to helping owners rent their points; (2) the creation, purpose, features and
implementation of Voyager, the new reservation system which may play a part in
inventory allotment and cancellations, and (3) the inventory allotment criteria and
priority. (Doc. 23 at 46.)
Plaintiff has sufficiently established that, as of the date Defendants’ motion was
filed, further discovery was needed to develop the issues related to this matter. The
Court acknowledges that substantial discovery has occurred since the filing of
Defendants’ motion, and it fully anticipates that Defendants will soon file an actual
motion for summary judgment. Nevertheless, at this time, Defendants’ Motion for
Summary Judgment is premature, and thus due to be DENIED with leave to refile at
the conclusion of discovery.

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VI.

Conclusion
For the reasons previously stated, the Motion to Dismiss is due to be

GRANTED in part and DENIED in part and the alternative Motion for Summary
Judgment is due to be DENIED with leave to refile at the close of discovery.
Defendants’ Motion to Transfer Venue is due to be DENIED as presently stated, but
Defendants are invited to submit a newly filed motion in accordance with the
instructions in Section III.C above. A separate order will be entered consistent with
this Opinion.
Done this 18th day of September 2012.

L. Scott Coogler
United States District Judge
[170956]

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