Singleton v. Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc.

Filing 27

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Magistrate Judge T Michael Putnam on 3/28/17. (MRR, )

FILED
2017 Mar-28 PM 01:27
U.S. DISTRICT COURT
N.D. OF ALABAMA

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF ALABAMA
WESTERN DIVISION
BRENDA SINGLETON,
Plaintiff,
v.

MERCEDES-BENZ U.S.
INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
Defendant.

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Case No. 7:15-cv-1122-TMP

MEMORANDUM OPINION
This cause is before the court on the motion for summary judgment filed by the defendant,
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc. (AMBUSI@).

Defendant seeks dismissal of plaintiff

Brenda Singleton=s claim that she was discriminated against based on her age, in violation of the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (AADEA@), when her employment was terminated in
January 2013. This matter has been fully briefed, and the court has considered the evidence and
arguments set forth by both parties. The parties have consented to the exercise of jurisdiction by
the undersigned magistrate judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ' 636(c).

SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a), summary judgment is proper Aif the movant
shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.@ Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). The party asking for summary judgment
Aalways bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion,

and identifying those portions of >the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and
admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any,= which it believes demonstrate the absence
of a genuine issue of material fact.@ Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986) (quoting
former Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). The movant can meet this burden by presenting evidence showing
there is no dispute of material fact, or by showing that the nonmoving party has failed to present
evidence in support of some element of its case on which it bears the ultimate burden of proof.
Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322-23. There is no requirement, however, Athat the moving party support its
motion with affidavits or other similar materials negating the opponent=s claim.@ Id. at 323.
Once the moving party has met his burden, Rule 56 Arequires the nonmoving party to go
beyond the pleadings and by her own affidavits, or by the >depositions, answers to interrogatories,
and admissions of file,= designate >specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.=@
Id. at 324 (quoting former Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)). The nonmoving party need not present evidence
in a form necessary for admission at trial; however, he may not merely rest on his pleadings.
Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324. A[T]he plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary
judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a
showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party=s case, and on
which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.@ Id. at 322.
After the plaintiff has properly responded to a proper motion for summary judgment, the
court must grant the motion if there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). The substantive law will identify
which facts are material and which are irrelevant. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). A dispute is genuine Aif the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a
2

verdict for the nonmoving party.@ Id. at 248. A[T]he judge=s function is not himself to weigh the
evidence and determine the truth of the matter but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for
trial.@

Id. at 249. His guide is the same standard necessary to direct a verdict: Awhether the

evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so
one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.@ Id. at 251-52; see also Bill Johnson=s
Restaurants, Inc. v. N.L.R.B., 461 U.S. 731, 745 n.11 (1983). However, the nonmoving party
Amust do more than show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.@
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986). If the
evidence is merely colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted.
Anderson, 477 U.S. at 249 (citations omitted); accord Spence v. Zimmerman, 873 F.2d 256 (11th
Cir. 1989). Furthermore, the court must Aview the evidence presented through the prism of the
substantive evidentiary burden,@ so there must be sufficient evidence on which the jury could
reasonably find for the plaintiff. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 254; Cottle v. Storer Communication,
Inc., 849 F.2d 570, 575 (11th Cir. 1988). Nevertheless, credibility determinations, the weighing
of evidence, and the drawing of inferences from the facts are the function of the jury, and therefore
the evidence of the non-movant is to be believed and all justifiable inferences are to be drawn in his
favor. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. The non-movant need not be given the benefit of every
inference but only of every reasonable inference. Brown v. City of Clewiston, 848 F.2d 1534,
1540 n.12 (11th Cir. 1988).

3

FACTS
Viewing the admissible evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, in
this case the plaintiff, the following facts are relevant to the instant motion.
The plaintiff was 53 years old when she was terminated from MBUSI in January 2013.
Singleton worked for MBUSI for more than 16 years at its manufacturing facility near Tuscaloosa,
Alabama. Over the course of her employment, she worked as an HRIS specialist, providing
support to MBUSI=s human resources and payroll departments, eventually transitioning to a
position as an IT specialitst. She was the designated project manager for several IT-related
projects. She was a salaried, exempt employee at all times relevant to this action. She was
required to work 80 hours during each two-week pay period, and had a start time of 8:30 a.m., but
she had flexibility about working remotely or adjusting her hours. She often worked more than
40 hours in a week.
Beginning in 2011, the IT functions at the plant were divided between “direct” and
“indirect” applications, depending upon whether the IT application was involved directly with the
manufacture of automobiles, or the application was involved in some function other than the
manufacture of automobiles, such as human resources. Plaintiff was assigned to the “Indirect
Applications” group, where she was supervised by Ron Luster, who was 39 or 41 years old when
Singleton was fired. 1 Singleton did not want to be supervised by Luster, because she had heard
Agossip@ that he was Aunreasonable,@ Adoesn=t treat people fairly,@ and always Awanted to be an
expert.@ An employee, who was Aabout@ Singleton=s age, told Singleton that Luster did not
1

Luster testified that he was born in 1971, but plaintiff testified that she understood
his age to be 39.
4

properly value experienced employees. 2 She testified that she was reluctant to work for him
because he had a reputation for “managing people out.”

(Pl.’s Depo. p.31, lines 18-22).

Singleton asserts that Luster made age-biased statements about her when he introduced her to
interns, saying she had been there longer than anyone.
Before working for Luster, Singleton had never been disciplined and had never been given
a negative review. She reported to Lisa Evans for about six months before transferring to Luster’s
IT group, and Evans gave Singleton a Asuccessful@ ranking in her 2011 evaluation. Despite her
good evaluations of Singleton, Evans told Luster, when Singleton transferred to his group, that
Singleton was an under-performing employee who had trouble accomplishing tasks that required
problem-solving. In a 2012 review prepared by Luster, Singleton was described as an employee
who Astruggled to complete her work without dependency on others, failed to secure required
approval before beginning new projects, executed job duties in an inconsistent fashion, and did not
adequately address or solve problems as they arose.@ She was ranked as Ainconsistent@ in the
2012 evaluation.
Employees at MBUSI who received a ranking of Ainconsistent@ or below were placed on a
Performance Improvement Plan (APIP@). Singleton spoke with Archie Craft, the vice president of
human resources at MBUSI, who explained that, if she failed to successfully complete the PIP, she
might be terminated. Craft, at the time, was 60 years old. He offered Singleton a buyout, which
she considered but ultimately turned down. She asked to be given an early retirement package,

2

To the extent this testimony by Singleton is offered to prove the truth of the alleged
fact that Luster did not properly value experienced workers, it is inadmissible hearsay. The
testimony can be considered only for the limited purpose of showing what Singleton might have
believed about Luster, regardless of whether, in fact, it was true.
5

about which Craft inquired with MBSUI. He then told her MBSUI could not offer her an early
retirement.
Singleton began the process of the PIP in August of 2012, which involved a series of seven
meetings with Luster and, on some occasions, Dawn Burton, a team relations specialist at MBUSI.
Her progress during the PIP meetings was deemed Aunsatisfactory@ by Luster. Singleton felt that
she was not treated fairly during the PIP meetings, because Luster would change her goals or
expectations, a process she described as a Ashell game.@ Burton described Singleton=s attitude at
PIP meetings as defensive and angry, but Singleton said her behavior was caused by Agreat
concern@ and Adistrust.@ Singleton admits that she felt that the purpose of the PIP meetings was
not to improve her performance but to lead to her firing. Burton offered to meet with Singleton in
additional sessions to counsel with her about improvements, but Singleton refused the additional
help because she felt Burton was biased and would not maintain confidentiality. The last PIP
meeting with Luster was held before Thanksgiving of 2012. Luster asked Singleton why she had
not accepted the buyout offer, and told her that Ahe could not see how he could not fire@ her.
The PIP sessions were not continued after Thanksgiving, and Singleton was told to
undergo communication skills training. Burton met with human resources senior manager, David
Olive, age 49, and they agreed that the communication training should go forward before any
further PIP meetings, but they did not tell Singleton that the reason for the communication skills
training was to improve the efficacy of the PIP sessions. Burton described the PIP meetings with
Singleton as the Aworst experience@ she has ever had in implementing a PIP.
On January 10, 2013, Singleton was scheduled to lead a 10:30 a.m. conference call with
two external contractors. Singleton was the lead project manager for the project. Singleton was
6

not on the conference call when it began. Luster texted Singleton during the conference call, at
10:36 a.m., to remind her about it and that she was scheduled to lead it. About five minutes later,
Singleton joined the call via her cell phone, apologized for her tardiness, and said she had been
Arunning around like a chicken.@

After the conference call ended, Luster went to the IT

Department to talk to Singleton about the call. She was not there. Luster had the gate records
pulled to show when employees came in and out of the plant gates, and determined that Singleton
had not been on the MBUSI premises during the call. 3
The next day, on January 11, 2013, Singleton was not at her work area at 8:40 a.m. Luster
sent her a text asking if she was okay. Singleton sent a text response three hours later, telling
Luster that she was in the building. Luster again checked the gate information, and determined
that she was not on the premises at 8:40. Singleton did arrive at work just a few minutes after the
text was sent, but did not see the text and did not respond until 11:40. She explained that her
response was meant to indicate to Luster where she was at 11:40, not at 8:40. Singleton concedes,
however, that Luster believed that she had lied to him about her whereabouts, and that she had
been tardy to work.
After these incidents, Olive asked Burton to investigate Singleton=s time records and work
history. The review involved time records for the past six months. Burton=s investigation

3

Although Luster has testified that Singleton told him she was in the building during
the call, Singleton disputes this, saying that Luster has confused the conversations about her
whereabouts on January 10 and 11. Singleton says that on January 10, she left work for an early
lunch break before the conference call because her daughter was sick, and that she thought she
would make it back in time for the call but did not. She says that employees were allowed to take
their lunch breaks at anytime they wanted. She says she joined the call from her car while driving
back to the workplace.
7

showed that Singleton (1) had not satisfactorily performed during the PIP process; (2) had adjusted
her work hours without approval from her supervisor, resulting in working less than 40 hours
during 10 workweeks during the six-month period; (3) was paid for two days where the records
show Singleton was not on company premises, and (4) was not approved to work from home or
off-site.
On January 17, 2013, Olive and Burton met with Singleton to ask her about her time issues.
She asked to retrieve her own log where she recorded her work off-site, but she was not allowed to
get the log from her desk. She told them that on the two dates that showed she had not been on
premises that she had forgotten her badge and had manually signed in and out. A later check
revealed that she had manually signed in and out, but had worked less than eight hours on one of
the two dates. Singleton said that she did come in at 8:42 on January 11, but that she thought she
had a 15-minute Agrace period@ and that 8:42 was, therefore, not tardy. She told Olive that she
wanted to examine her log to explain any time discrepancies, but she was not allowed to get the log
from her desk.
When the meeting ended, Singleton was suspended pending further review, and was told to
go home. She was told to get her things, but she went to her desk, accessed her laptop, and
shredded some documents. She said she was merely logging off her laptop and shredding
documents, which she did on a daily basis when leaving to go home. She was told she should not
be on the laptop or shredding documents, and was told to get her purse and coat and to leave.
Burton drafted a memorandum summarizing her findings and recommending that MBUSI
discharge Singleton. Olive reviewed the Burton memo, and decided to recommend discharge.
The recommendation was approved by Craft. On January 23, 2013, Singleton was called and told
8

that a decision had been made to terminate her employment. A letter followed on January 24,
2013. Singleton=s job duties were initially assigned to Lee Roberts, a co-worker, who was then
age 53. Her position apparently was never actually filled, but her duties were taken over by
several workers, some of whom were significantly younger than Singleton.
Singleton never complained about age discrimination while she was at MBUSI. She felt
that complaining would be futile. Singleton says she was discriminated against on account of her
age in that she was twice introduced to interns as the person with the longest tenure in her group of
co-workers, which she found offensive. She further asserts that Luster was Amanaging out@ older
employees, and that younger employees working under Luster seemed to be happier than the older
employees. 4 She also has provided a list of seventeen younger employees whom she contends
committed the same workplace infractions of working less than 40 hours in some weeks and
leaving work before completing an eight-hour day. She claims knowledge of these certain
circumstances bases on “raw data,” but admits that she does not know all of the circumstances
related to each of these employees.

DISCUSSION
Defendant seeks summary adjudication of plaintiff=s sole claim in this action, that her
termination was discrimination because of her age. Defendant asserts that plaintiff has failed to

4

Plaintiff makes reference in her declaration (doc. 25-1) to a promotion that she was
never given an interview for and a 2007 incident in which she was replaced as a project manager
by a younger person. The complaint, however, does not state any claim for failure to promote,
and the incidents do not reflect any age animus on the part of any person who played any role in her
PIP or her termination in 2013, which is the basis of her claims.
9

prove her prima facie case of discrimination under the ADEA, and that, even if plaintiff has proven
a prima facie case of age discrimination, she has failed to show that the stated, non-discriminatory
reason for her termination was pretext and that the real reason was violative of the ADEA.
A. Discrimination Based on Age
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits employers from discriminating
against employees over the age of 40 on the basis of their age. 29 U.S.C. '' 623(a)(1), 631(a).
Plaintiff has not offered any direct evidence of discriminatory animus, nor has plaintiff argued that
there is any statistical pattern of discrimination. She thus relies upon circumstantial evidence, and
must proceed under the burden-shifting framework set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v.
Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S. Ct. 1817, 36 L. Ed.2d 668 (1973). See Chapman v. AI Transport, 229
F.3d 1012, 1024 (11th Cir. 2000); see also Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc., 530
U.S. 133, 120 S. Ct. 2097, 147 L. Ed. 2d 105 (2000); Jameson v. Arrow Co., 75 F.3d 1528, 1533 n.
3 (11th Cir.1996). To prevail on a claim of disparate treatment on account of age, the plaintiff
must demonstrate that Abut for@ her age, MBUSI would not have terminated her employment.
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc., 557 U.S. 167, 175, 129 S. Ct. 2343, 174 L. Ed. 2d 119
(2009).

The standard enunciated in Gross requires a plaintiff to prove that a challenged

employment decision would not have occurred but for the defendant's consideration of the
plaintiff=s age. 129 S. Ct. at 2350 (citing W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton, & D. Owen, PROSSER
AND KEETON ON LAW OF TORTS

265 (5th ed. 1984)).

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A. Prima Facie Case
1. Comparator Evidence
The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that a plaintiff establishes a prima facie
case of age discrimination by showing that: (1) she was over the age of 40, (2) she was qualified for
her position, (3) she was terminated from the position, and (4) she was treated less favorably than a
similarly situated employee who was younger than she was, or she was replaced by a person who
was substantially younger than she was. See, e.g., Damon v. Fleming Supermarkets of Florida,
Inc., 196 F.3d 1354 (1999); Schoenfeld v. Babbitt, 168 F.3d 1257, 1267 (11th Cir. 1999), citing
Welborn v. Reynolds Metals Co., 810 F.2d 1026, 1028 (11th Cir.1987) (per curiam). 5
The defendant does not dispute that Singleton is a member of the protected group, was
qualified for her job, and was terminated. Thus, the first elements of the prima facie showing are
established. The only issue in dispute is whether the decisionmakers who terminated her were
motivated by age animus.

The most common method for proving such discrimination is by

offering a comparator: demonstrating that younger employees were treated more favorably than
the older employee. For example, in Damon, the fired employee provided evidence that within a
year of his firing, four out of seven older, highly experience managers—all directly supervised by
the same manager—were terminated or demoted, and were replaced with younger workers. The
court held that such a Apattern of firing and demoting so many older workers and replacing them

5

While the language in Schoenfeld states that the position must be filled by a person
outside of the protected class, it has been established that an age case can be proved simply by
showing that the position went to a person younger than the plaintiff, even if that person also is
over 40. Carter v. City of Miami, 870 F.2d 578, 583 (11th Cir. 1989).
11

with younger workers, by the relevant decision-maker during the same time period, constitutes
probative circumstantial evidence of age discrimination. Damon, 196 F.3d at 1361.
In her complaint, Singleton listed seventeen employees she said were younger than she was
at the time of her termination who were treated more favorably than she was. She alleged that
these younger employees Awere not suspended or terminated for leaving the plant-site during
scheduled work hours without asking permission to do so and/or who failed to work 40 hours in a
work week.@ (Doc. 1, p. 7).

In her deposition, plaintiff conceded that she did not know who

supervised most of the alleged comparators, when they were away from the work site, whether
they had been given permission to work from home, whether they were in training off-site,
whether they were on medical leave, whether they previously had been put on a PIP, or whether
they received any form of discipline for missing work. (Doc. 22-2, pp. 220-68). She further
agreed that she Awould not be privy@ to information about why an employee was off-site, or
whether any employee had permission to be absent from the workplace. (Id. at p. 232). Finally,
she has conceded that in many instances she does not know the age of the alleged comparator, or
even what department each of these employees worked in. (See, e.g., doc. 22-2, p. 249-52). 6 An
employee who told Singleton that she felt she was treated unfairly because of her age, Norma
Dunn, never worked for Luster, Olive, or Burton. (Id. at 268). Singleton=s list of comparators

6

Plaintiff=s declaration (doc. 25, para. 45), which asserts that the 17 alleged
comparators were Asubstantially younger@ that she was and that they failed to work 40 hours in a
work week but were not suspended or terminated, is not worthy of any credence in light of her
deposition testimony, in which she explicitly denies knowing such facts. Plaintiff asserts that she
sought this information in discovery, but that MBUSI failed to produce it, objecting that it was not
relevant. However, plaintiff never sought to compel the discovery.
12

was compiled simply by her recollection of records she had seen while working in human
resources.
Plaintiff simply cannot establish that these are proper comparators. The plaintiff must
show that the relevant circumstances of the alleged comparator are “nearly identical” to those of
the plaintiff. The court of appeals reiterated less than a year ago in another age-discrimination
case, “With respect to the third prong of the prima facie case, the plaintiffs and the employee they
identify as a comparator must be similarly situated in all relevant respects. Wilson v. B/E
Aerospace, Inc., 376 F.3d 1079, 1091 (11th Cir. 2004).

The comparator must be ‘nearly

identical’ to the plaintiffs to prevent courts from second-guessing a reasonable decision by the
employer. Id.” Trask v. Secretary, Department of Veterans Affairs, 822 F.3d 1179, 1192 (11th
Cir. 2016), cert. denied sub nom. Trask v. Shulkin, No. 16-513, 2017 WL 670223 (U.S. Feb. 21,
2017); see also Connor v. Bell Microproducts-Future Tech, Inc., 492 F. App'x 963, 965 (11th Cir.
2012) (unpublished) (“comparator must be nearly identical to the plaintiff”). Without additional
information revealing whether the circumstances under which another, younger employee may
have worked fewer than 40 hours in a workweek, it is not possible for the plaintiff to make a valid
comparison. For instance, it is not a valid comparison if the other employee was given permission
to leave, or was on an off-site work or training assignment, or had a medical emergency. Also, it
is not a valid comparison unless the comparator-employee was on a PIP as plaintiff was. Because
the plaintiff has offered no evidence that the circumstances of each of the seventeen purported
comparators were either “similarly situated” or “nearly identical” to those of the plaintiff, they
cannot be used as comparators for purposes of the prima facie proof required under McDonnell

13

Douglas. Accordingly, the court must find that the plaintiff has not demonstrated that anyone
substantially younger engaged in similar misconduct and was treated more favorably.
2. Circumstantial Evidence
The failure to demonstrate a comparator, however, is not necessarily fatal to the plaintiff=s
establishment of a prima facie case. As plaintiff=s counsel points out, comparator evidence is not
the only method by which a plaintiff may establish a prima facie case of discrimination. The lack
of comparator evidence, however, will support summary disposition of a claim in the absence of
Asufficient circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent.@ Hunter v. Mobis Alabama, LLC,
559 F. Supp. 2d 1247, 1257 (M.D. Ala. 2008). The court thus turns to an examination of the
plaintiff=s other circumstantial evidence.
Essentially conceding that she has no evidence that any similarly situated younger
employee was treated more favorably than she was, Singleton asserts that she has other evidence
from which a reasonable juror could infer that the decision to terminate her employment was based
on age animus. The first assertion of evidence that supports her conclusion regarding animus is
that Luster asked her, during the course of the PIP, why she did not take the buyout that was
offered to her by Craft. She next asserts that Luster made remarks about her age by introducing
her as the person with the most tenure on the team. Singleton may have interpreted the statement
as referring to her as an Aoldie@ but, while plaintiff clearly took offense at the statement, this court
is not willing to say that references to a lengthy tenure, made once by Luster and once by another
employee, are evidence from which a jury reasonably could infer that age animus was the motive
behind the plaintiff=s termination.

This is especially true because the termination decision

ultimately was reached by Burton, Olive, and Craft. Luster was not involved in it in any
14

significant way. In the cases cited by the plaintiff, the remarks made were overt, with the
decisionmaker calling the plaintiff Atoo old,@ or a Astubborn old woman.@ (Doc. 24, p. 16). A
question to an employee who is undergoing a PIP, asking why she did not accept the buyout
offered to her, is not a question that suggests that it was meant to be a comment that she was too old
to continue working. Similarly, plaintiff=s testimony that younger workers supervised by Luster
Aappeared@ to be happy, but older workers did not, is not sufficiently factual to support her claim.
The speculative, vague, and conclusory nature of these Aobservations@ does not constitute
sufficient evidence to overcome the defendant=s well-supported motion for summary judgment.
The same can be said for Singleton having Aheard@ that Luster was Amanaging out@ older
employees, 7 when the allegation is not supported by a single name or description of an employee
who was unhappy, or who was managed out. The case cited by the plaintiff to support the similar
use of Arumors@ as evidence in a pregnancy discrimination case is distinguishable. The rumors
there were buttressed by the fact that the supervisor treated that plaintiff differently after she told
him she was pregnant, after having essentially ignored her absences and tardiness before she
announced her pregnancy. Hunter, 559 F. Supp. 2d at 1253. After the plaintiff in Hunter
announced she was pregnant, the supervisor said he did not want to Atake care@ of the pregnant
employee anymore and that he Aneeded [a manager=s] help to terminate her.@ He also told the
plaintiff in a meeting that he Acan=t afford to take care of an employee like you.@ Nothing in the
case suggests that the rumors alone were not enough to make a prima facie showing under the
fourth prong.
7

It should be noted that Singleton’s actual deposition testimony is that she heard that
Luster had a reputation for “managing people out.” (Pl.’s Depo. p.31, lines 18-22). Nothing in
the actual testimony suggests that whatever Luster was doing was aimed at older workers.
15

While evidence other than comparator evidence of discrimination may be available to a
plaintiff to support a prima facie case, that evidence must be of a different quality and quantity
than that offered by Singleton. This case is more like Greywoode v. Science Applications
International Corp., 943 F. Supp. 2d 1355 (M.D. Ala. 2013). In Greywoode, a district court
recognized the exception to comparator evidence outlined in Hunter, but granted summary
judgment in favor of the defendant where the plaintiff=s evidence was Aundeniably more tenuous@
than the evidence presented in Hunter. 943 at 1376. Singleton=s evidence is based upon nothing
more than rumors and her own conjectures based on very limited facts. Accordingly, the court
finds that the plaintiff has failed to meet her burden of demonstrating a prima facie case.

B. Pretext
Even if the plaintiff has presented a sufficient prima facie case, this merely requires the
defendant to state its reasons for the action taken against the plaintiff. Under the McDonnell
Douglas burden-shifting test, MBUSI asserts that it has articulated a legitimate,
non-discriminatory reason for Singleton=s termination: that Singleton was absent from the
workplace without permission, lied about her whereabouts to her supervisor, and failed to make
adequate progress when placed on a PIP. Even when a plaintiff has succeeded in making a prima
facie showing of age discrimination, the presumption of discrimination that is raised by the prima
facie showing may be rebutted if the employer offers a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for
the employment action. To satisfy this burden, Athe employer need only produce admissible
evidence which would allow the trier of fact to rationally conclude that the employment decision
had not been motivated by discriminatory animus.@ Combs v. Plantation Patterns, 106 F.3d 1519,
16

1528 (11th Cir. 1997), quoting Texas Dept. of Comm. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 101 S. Ct.
1089, 1096, 67 L. Ed. 2d 207 (1981) (emphasis added). Once the nondiscriminatory reason is
articulated, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show that the reason is either not worthy of belief, or
that, in light of all the evidence, a discriminatory reason more likely motivated the decision than
the proferred reason. Standard v. A.B.E.L. Servs. Inc., 161 F.3d 1318, 1331-33 (11th Cir. 1998)
reh=g and reh=g en banc denied, 172 F.2d 884 (11th Cir. 1999), citing Combs v. Plantation Patterns,
106 F.3d 1519, 1528 (11th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 685, 139 L. Ed. 2d 632 (1998). She
must show not only that the articulated reason is false, but also that the true reason for the adverse
employment action taken against her was discriminatory. See Clark v. Coats & Clark, Inc., 990
F.2d 1217, 1228 (11th Cir. 1993). It is not the duty of the court to evaluate whether the decision
to terminate plaintiff was fair or wise; employers are free to make unfair or unwise employment
decisions so long as they do not violate anti-discrimination statutes. See Elrod v. Sears, Roebuck
& Co., 939 F.2d 1466, 1470 (11th Cir. 1991). In the context of an age-discrimination claim, the
Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has stated:

Federal courts do not sit as a super-personnel department that reexamines an
entity's business decisions. No matter how medieval a firm's practices, no matter
how high-handed its decisional process, no matter how mistaken the firm's
managers, the ADEA does not interfere. Rather our inquiry is limited to whether
the employer gave an honest explanation of its behavior.

Elrod v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 939 F.2d 1466, 1470 (11th Cir.1991) (quoting Mechnig v. Sears,
Roebuck & Co., 864 F.2d 1359, 1365 (7th Cir.1988) (citations omitted)); see also Nix v. WLCY
Radio/Rahall Communications, 738 F.2d 1181, 1187 (11th Cir.1984). See also Chapman v. AI
Transport, 229 F.3d 1012, 1030 (11th Cir. 2000).
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In this case, plaintiff offers no evidence beyond conjecture and rumor that any
decisionmaker held any animus toward older workers. Craft was older than plaintiff, at 60 years
old, when the decision was made. Olive was 45 and Burton was 44. Luster, who set in motion
the discipline process, was 39. A plaintiff has a Adifficult burden@ of showing that age more likely
motivated an adverse decision where the Aprimary players@ were Awell over age 40 and within the
class of persons protected by the ADEA.@ Elrod, 939 F.2d at 1471.
A showing of pretext also requires some evidence that the employer did not honestly
believe that the employee engaged in the conduct that led to the termination. Here, although she
denies being deceitful, the plaintiff admits that Luster honestly believed that she had been deceitful
about her whereabouts on January 10 and 11, 2013. The court cannot say that a decisionmaker=s
belief (even if mistaken) that Singleton had come to work late on multiple occasions, had not
worked the proper numbers of hours on several recent occasions, and had then lied that she was at
work when she was not, would not have entered into a reasonable employer=s evaluation of an
employee=s performance.
In short, plaintiff has failed to produce any evidence that shows that the stated reasons for
her termination were not the real reasons, or that the real reasons for the firing was related in any
way to Singleton=s age. Accordingly, MBUSI=s motion for summary judgment is due to be
granted.

CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing undisputed facts and legal conclusions, the magistrate judge
finds that the motion for summary judgment filed by the defendant (doc. 20) is due to be
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GRANTED, and that plaintiff=s claims against this defendant are due to be DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE.
A separate order will be entered.
DATED the 28th day of March, 2017.

_______________________________
T. MICHAEL PUTNAM
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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