James v. Ryan, et al
Filing
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ORDER the reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss 31 and Plaintiff's Motion to Strike 37 . Granting 31 Defendant's Motion to Dismiss and Plaintiff's claim is dismissed without prejud ice for failure to exhaust. Denying 37 Plaintiff's Motion to Strike. The action is terminated, and the Clerk of Court must enter judgment accordingly. An Appeal from the judgment in this action would not be taken in good faith. Signed by Judge G Murray Snow on 1/14/13.(TLJ)
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
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Thomas M. James,
Plaintiff,
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vs.
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Charles L. Ryan, et al.,
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Defendants.
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No. CV 10-0510-PHX-GMS (JFM)
ORDER
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Plaintiff Thomas James, who is in the custody of the Arizona Department of
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Corrections (ADC), filed this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Doc. 22).
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Defendant ADC Director Charles Ryan moves to dismiss Plaintiff’s First Amended
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Complaint on the ground that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies as
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required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) (Doc. 31).1 Plaintiff also moves to
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strike Defendant’s reply.
The Court will deny Plaintiff’s motion, grant Defendant’s motion, and terminate the
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case.
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I.
Background
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Plaintiff’s single remaining claim for relief stems from Defendant’s policy prohibiting
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inmates from receiving sexually explicit publications. Plaintiff maintains that the policy
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The Court sent Plaintiff a Notice pursuant to Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1120
n. 14 (9th Cir. 2003), advising him of his obligation to respond and the evidence necessary
to rebut Defendant’s motion (Doc. 32.)
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violates the First Amendment because it is overbroad and does not serve an educational
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purpose or further rehabilitation. The Court directed Defendant to answer the claim (Doc.
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28 at 3) and he moves to dismiss (Doc. 31).2
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II.
Exhaustion
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A.
Legal Standard
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Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), a prisoner must exhaust available
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administrative remedies before bringing a federal action concerning prison conditions. See
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42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); Griffin v. Arpaio, 557 F.3d 1117, 1119 (9th Cir. 2009). Exhaustion
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is required for all suits about prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523 (2002),
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regardless of the type of relief offered through the administrative process, Booth v. Churner,
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532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). And a prisoner must complete the administrative review process
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in accordance with the applicable rules. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 92 (2006).
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Exhaustion is an affirmative defense. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 212 (2007). Thus,
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the defendant bears the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Wyatt v.
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Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1119 (9th Cir. 2003). Because exhaustion is a matter of abatement
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in an unenumerated Rule 12(b) motion, a court may look beyond the pleadings to decide
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disputed issues of fact. Id. at 1119-20. Further, a court has broad discretion as to the
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method to be used in resolving the factual dispute. Ritza v. Int’l Longshoremen’s &
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Warehousemen’s Union, 837 F.2d 365, 369 (9th Cir. 1988) (quotation omitted).
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B.
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In support of his motion, Defendant submits the declaration of Aurora Aguilar (Doc.
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31, Ex. A, Aguilar Decl.), which is supported by ADC Department Order (DO) 802, Inmate
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Grievance System, effective July 13, 2009 (id., Attach. A). Aguilar declares that she is an
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ADC Hearing Officer whose duties include reviewing, investigating, and tracking non-
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medical grievance appeals (Aguilar Decl. ¶ 1).
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Defendant’s Motion
Defendant asserts that at the times relevant to Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint,
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Upon screening, the Court dismissed Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment claim in
Count II (Doc. 28 at 3).
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ADC’s administrative remedies procedure was governed by DO 802, which applies to
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complaints related to “any aspect of institutional life or condition of confinement that
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personally affects the inmate grievance” (id. ¶¶ 3-4). Standard grievances follow a multi-
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tiered review process, and the final step is an appeal to the ADC Director (id. ¶¶ 5-6).
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Aguilar attests that inmates receive both a written and oral explanation of the grievance
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process upon incarceration and during orientation at any subsequent facility and that a copy
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of the grievance procedure is available in the library of each unit (id. ¶¶ 8-9). Aguilar states
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that she reviewed the Grievance Appeal Log and Grievance Appeal File but Plaintiff did not
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file a final grievance appeal as to his claim regarding Defendant’s policy of banning sexually
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explicit materials (id. ¶¶ 11-12).
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III.
Analysis
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As articulated above, Defendant has the burden of proving lack of exhaustion and
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therefore must demonstrate that there were remedies available to Plaintiff. See Wyatt, 315
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F.3d at 1119; Brown, 422 F.3d at 936-37. Defendant submits evidence that a grievance
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procedure was available at the prison and that Plaintiff did not file a final grievance appeal
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as to his First Amendment claim.
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In his response, Plaintiff does not dispute that he failed to exhaust. Rather, he presents
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several alternative arguments as to why exhaustion was not required, including futility,
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potential irreparable harm, and the unavailability of the process (Doc. 33). To support his
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response, Plaintiff submits 123 pages of largely-irrelevant documents that reflect that
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Plaintiff only completed the first stage of the grievance procedure and did not file a final
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grievance appeal regarding his First Amendment claim (Doc. 35, Ex. C).
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The Court finds that none of Plaintiff’s excuses for failing to exhaust are meritorious.
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It is true that if Plaintiff was unable to file grievance forms or if he was reliably informed that
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administrative remedies were not available, exhaustion is not required. Marella v. Terhune,
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568 F.3d 1024, 1027 (9th Cir. 2009); Brown, 422 F.3d at 935. But Plaintiff does not offer
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any specific argument to support his claim that he was not able to utilize the grievance
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procedure for fear of retaliation. And it is clear that Plaintiff was not prevented from using
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the process because he submits copies of numerous inmate letters. Rather, it appears that
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Plaintiff elected not to utilize the grievance procedure and, instead, filed this action in March
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2010, and attempted to secure a temporary restraining order (Doc. 34, Pl. Decl. ¶ 4).
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Plaintiff also argues that exhausting his remedies would have been futile (Doc. 33 at
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2). It is well-settled, however, that futility is not an exception to the exhaustion requirement.
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Porter squarely held that exhaustion is required for all suits about prison life regardless of the
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ultimate remedy sought or the type of relief offered through the administrative process. 534
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U.S. at 523. This holding ensures that inmates provide prison officials time and opportunity
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to address complaints internally, which filters out frivolous claims and develops an
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administrative record. McKinney v. Carey, 311 F.3d 1198, 1200-01 (9th Cir. 2002). To the
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extent that Plaintiff argues that the grievance policy doesn’t permit complaints about
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decisions of the ADC Director or issues related to state law, Plaintiff is simply incorrect. The
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grievance policy prohibits only grievances regarding actions by the Governor or State
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Legislature, decisions of the Board of Executive Clemency, and decisions of the Courts (Doc.
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31, Ex. A, Attach. A, DO § 802.01.1.2).
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expressly allowed under the policy (id. at § 802.01.1.1).
Policies or actions taken by the Director are
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Finally, Plaintiff alleged that if he had taken the time to exhaust, he would have
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suffered irreparable injury. But Plaintiff does not cite to, and the Court is not aware of, any
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precedent that recognizes a potential injury as an exception to the exhaustion requirement.
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Bolton v. Smith, 2012 WL 1400061, at *7 (C.D. Cal. March 1, 2012). Even if such an
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exception existed, however, Plaintiff does not explain why he would have been irreparably
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injured by taking the time to pursue his administrative remedies. Indeed, the purpose of the
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exhaustion requirement is to “afford corrections officials time and opportunity to address
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complaints internally before allowing the initiation of a federal case.” Brown, 422 F.3d at
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935 (quoting Porter, 534 U.S. at 525). Plaintiff did not give ADC officials an opportunity
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to address his claims.
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In short, none of Plaintiff’s arguments presents a valid excuse for failure to exhaust,
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and his concession to nonexhaustion (Doc. 22 at 3) is dispositive of the issue. Holcomb v.
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Fleeman, 2007 WL 3231588, at *2 (E.D. Cal. 2007) (inmate’s concession that he did not
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obtain a Director’s level decision until after the lawsuit was filed “is fatal to his action”)
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(citing Woodford, 126 S. Ct. at 2383; McKinney, 311 F.3d at 1199-1201). Plaintiff simply
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failed to utilize the ADC’s grievance procedure as to the claims presented in his First
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Amended Complaint. Defendant’s motion to dismiss will be granted and Plaintiff’s claim
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will be dismissed without prejudice.
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Plaintiff also moves to strike Defendant’s reply, arguing that it is untimely. While
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Plaintiff is correct and the reply was filed one day late, the Court will nonetheless deny the
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motion to strike because Plaintiff did not—and cannot—articulate any prejudice. Nor did
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the reply advance Defendant’s argument in any meaningful way.
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IT IS ORDERED:
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(1) The reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Defendant’s Motion to
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Dismiss (Doc. 31) and Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike (Doc. 37).
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(2) Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike (Doc. 37) is denied.
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(3) Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 31) is granted; Plaintiff’s claim is
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dismissed without prejudice for failure to exhaust.
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(4) The action is terminated, and the Clerk of Court must enter judgment accordingly
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(5) For the reasons set forth herein, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), an appeal
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from the judgment in this action would not be taken in good faith.
DATED this 14th day of January, 2013.
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