Perez v. Astrue

Filing 33

ORDER, the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security is vacated and this case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion; the Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall terminate this case. Signed by Judge Neil V Wake on 8/22/11. (REW)

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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ) ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) ) Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner of Social) ) Security Administration, ) ) Defendant. ) ) Elizabeth Ann Perez, No. CV10-01887-PHX-NVW ORDER 16 Elizabeth Ann Perez seeks review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) of the final decision of 17 18 the Commissioner of Social Security (“the Commissioner”), which denied her disability 19 insurance benefits and supplemental security income under sections 216(i), 223(d), and 20 1614(a)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act. Because the decision of the Administrative 21 Law Judge (“ALJ”) is partially based on legal error, the Commissioner’s decision will be 22 vacated and the matter remanded for further administrative proceedings. 23 I. Background 24 A. Factual Background 25 Perez was born on November 23, 1971. She was 34 years old on the alleged 26 disability onset date, February 15, 2006. She has been diagnosed with rheumatoid 27 arthritis, degenerative disk disease, narrowing of the spine, and depression. In 2008, she 28 had carpal tunnel surgery on each of her wrists. She has a high school education and 1 most recently worked as a tax preparer. At the time of the administrative hearing, Perez 2 weighed 290 pounds and was 5' 4" tall. 3 B. 4 On September 1, 2006, Perez protectively applied for disability insurance benefits Procedural History 5 and supplemental security income. She alleged disability beginning February 15, 2006. 6 Perez’s claims were denied initially on April 19, 2007, and upon reconsideration on 7 November 21, 2007. On January 7, 2008, Perez filed a written request for hearing. She 8 appeared and testified at a hearing held on November 19, 2008, at which she was 9 represented by counsel. The ALJ did not call a vocational expert to testify. 10 On February 27, 2009, the ALJ issued a decision that Perez is not disabled within 11 the meaning of the Social Security Act. Subsequently, the Appeals Council denied 12 Perez’s request for review of the hearing decision. Therefore, the ALJ’s decision became 13 the Commissioner’s final decision. On September 3, 2010, Perez sought review by this 14 Court. 15 II. Standard of Review 16 The district court reviews only those issues raised by the party challenging the 17 ALJ’s decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The court 18 may set aside the Commissioner’s disability determination only if the determination is not 19 supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 20 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, less than a 21 preponderance, and relevant evidence that a reasonable person might accept as adequate 22 to support a conclusion considering the record as a whole. Id. In determining whether 23 substantial evidence supports a decision, the court must consider the record as a whole 24 and may not affirm simply by isolating a “specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Id. 25 As a general rule, “[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational 26 interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be 27 upheld.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002) (citations omitted). 28 -2- 1 If the ALJ’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence or suffers from legal 2 error, the court has discretion to reverse and remand either for an award of benefits or for 3 further administrative proceedings. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1292 (9th Cir. 4 1996); Sprague v. Bowen, 812 F.2d 1226, 1232 (9th Cir. 1987). “Remand for further 5 proceedings is appropriate if enhancement of the record would be useful.” Benecke v. 6 Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 593 (9th Cir. 2004). “Conversely, where the record has been 7 developed fully and further administrative proceedings would serve no useful purpose, 8 the district court should remand for an immediate award of benefits.” Id. (citing Smolen, 9 80 F.3d at 1292). 10 The ALJ is responsible for resolving conflicts in medical testimony, determining 11 credibility, and resolving ambiguities. Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 12 1995). In reviewing the ALJ’s reasoning, the court is “not deprived of [its] faculties for 13 drawing specific and legitimate inferences from the ALJ’s opinion.” Magallanes v. 14 Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 755 (9th Cir. 1989). 15 III. Five-Step Sequential Evaluation Process To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Social Security 16 17 Act, the ALJ follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). If the ALJ determines 18 that the claimant is disabled or not disabled at any step, the ALJ does not continue to the 19 next step. The claimant bears the burden of proof on the first four steps, but at step five, 20 the burden shifts to the Commissioner. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 21 1999). 22 At the first step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant is engaging in 23 substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not 24 disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At the step two, the ALJ determines whether the 25 claimant has a “severe” medically determinable physical or mental impairment. 26 § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If not, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step 27 three, the ALJ considers whether the claimant’s impairment or combination of 28 -3- 1 impairments meet or equal an impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of 20 C.F.R. 2 Pt. 404. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically found to be disabled. 3 Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s 4 residual functional capacity and determines whether the claimant is still capable of 5 performing past relevant work. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not disabled 6 and the inquiry ends. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, where he 7 determines whether the claimant can perform any other work based on the claimant’s 8 residual functional capacity, age, education, and work experience. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). 9 If so, the claimant is not disabled. Id. If not, the claimant is disabled. Id. 10 11 IV. Analysis The ALJ found that Perez meets the insured status requirements of the Social 12 Security Act through September 30, 2011, and, at step one, she has not engaged in 13 substantial gainful activity since February 15, 2006. At step two, the ALJ found that 14 Perez has the following severe impairments: rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative disk 15 disease, narrowing of the spine, and depression. At step three, the ALJ found that Perez 16 does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically 17 equals one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. Perez 18 challenges the ALJ’s residual functional capacity assessment at step four and his step five 19 conclusion that there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy 20 that Perez can perform. 21 22 23 A. The ALJ Did Not Err in Weighing Medical Source Evidence. 1. Legal Standard In weighing medical source opinions in Social Security cases, the Ninth Circuit 24 distinguishes among three types of physicians: (1) treating physicians, who actually treat 25 the claimant; (2) examining physicians, who examine but do not treat the claimant; and 26 (3) non-examining physicians, who neither treat nor examine the claimant. Lester v. 27 Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 1995). Generally, more weight should be given to the 28 -4- 1 opinion of a treating physician than to the opinions of non-treating physicians. Id. A 2 treating physician’s opinion is afforded great weight because such physicians are 3 “employed to cure and [have] a greater opportunity to observe and know the patient as an 4 individual.” Sprague v. Bowen, 812 F.2d 1226, 1230 (9th Cir. 1987). Where a treating 5 physician’s opinion is not contradicted by another physician, it may be rejected only for 6 “clear and convincing” reasons, and where it is contradicted, it may not be rejected 7 without “specific and legitimate reasons” supported by substantial evidence in the record. 8 Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. Moreover, the Commissioner must give weight to the treating 9 physician’s subjective judgments in addition to his clinical findings and interpretation of 10 11 test results. Id. at 832-33. Further, an examining physician’s opinion generally must be given greater weight 12 than that of a non-examining physician. Id. at 830. As with a treating physician, there 13 must be clear and convincing reasons for rejecting the uncontradicted opinion of an 14 examining physician, and specific and legitimate reasons, supported by substantial 15 evidence in the record, for rejecting an examining physician’s contradicted opinion. Id. at 16 830-31. 17 The opinion of a non-examining physician is not itself substantial evidence that 18 justifies the rejection of the opinion of either a treating physician or an examining 19 physician. Id. at 831. “The opinions of non-treating or non-examining physicians may 20 also serve as substantial evidence when the opinions are consistent with independent 21 clinical findings or other evidence in the record.” Thomas, 278 F.3d at 957. Factors that 22 an ALJ may consider when evaluating any medical opinion include “the amount of 23 relevant evidence that supports the opinion and the quality of the explanation provided; 24 the consistency of the medical opinion with the record as a whole; [and] the specialty of 25 the physician providing the opinion.” Orn, 495 F.3d at 631. 26 Moreover, Social Security Rules expressly require a treating source’s opinion on 27 an issue of a claimant’s impairment be given controlling weight if it is well-supported by 28 -5- 1 medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent 2 with the other substantial evidence in the record. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(2). If a 3 treating source’s opinion is not given controlling weight, the weight that it will be given is 4 determined by length of the treatment relationship, frequency of examination, nature and 5 extent of the treatment relationship, relevant evidence supporting the opinion, consistency 6 with the record as a whole, the source’s specialization, and other factors. Id. 7 8 9 Finding that a treating physician’s opinion is not entitled to controlling weight does not mean that the opinion should be rejected: 13 [A] finding that a treating source medical opinion is not wellsupported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques or is inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in the case record means only that the opinion is not entitled to “controlling weight,” not that the opinion should be rejected. Treating source medical opinions are still entitled to deference and must be weighed using all of the factors provided in 20 C.F.R. §404.1527. . . . In many cases, a treating source’s medical opinion will be entitled to the greatest weight and should be adopted, even if it does not meet the test for controlling weight. 14 Orn, 495 F.3d at 631-32 (quoting Social Security Ruling 96-2p). Where there is a 15 conflict between the opinion of a treating physician and an examining physician, the ALJ 16 may not reject the opinion of the treating physician without setting forth specific, 17 legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence in the record. Id. at 632. 10 11 12 18 2. The ALJ Did Not Err in Weighing Treating Physician Dr. Holly E. Rooney’s Mental and Physical Assessments. 19 Perez contends the ALJ erred by failing to consider Dr. Rooney’s mental 20 assessment and by rejecting Dr. Rooney’s physical assessment. However, the ALJ was 21 not required to consider Dr. Rooney’s mental assessment and provided specific and 22 legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence for rejecting Dr. Rooney’s 23 contradicted physical assessment. 24 Dr. Rooney was Perez’s primary care physician from May 16, 2007, through at 25 least October 24, 2008. On September 7, 2007, Dr. Rooney completed a form titled 26 “Medical Source Statement of Ability to Do Work Related Activities (Mental).” On the 27 28 -6- 1 form she indicated that Perez had no limitation in her ability to understand, remember, 2 and carry out simple and detailed instructions, sustain an ordinary routine without special 3 supervision, work and get along with others, make simple work related decisions, adhere 4 to basic standards of neatness and cleanliness, and set realistic goals or make plans 5 independently of others. The only category in which Dr. Rooney checked “markedly 6 limited (poor or none)” was “the ability to complete a normal workday and workweek 7 without interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a 8 consistent pace without an unreasonable number and length of rest periods.” She stated 9 this conclusion was based on the following findings: “The multitude of physical 10 symptoms & the depression hinder steady work pace & duration.” Under “additional 11 comments,” Dr. Rooney wrote: “Depression definitely limits pt’s abilities but her 12 physical diagnoses are the most dominantly disabling factors.” 13 The record does not show that Dr. Rooney provided mental health care for Perez, 14 only physical health care. Therefore, Dr. Rooney is not a treating physician for mental 15 health assessment. Further, even though Dr. Rooney stated Perez’s psychologically based 16 symptoms would markedly limit her ability to complete a normal workday and 17 workweek, she indicated that Perez’s depression was not as disabling as her physical 18 diagnoses. Therefore, the ALJ did not err by failing to accept, reject, or discuss Dr. 19 Rooney’s September 2007 assessment of Perez’s work-related mental limitations as Perez 20 contends. 21 On October 24, 2008, Dr. Rooney completed a form titled “Medical Assessment of 22 Ability to Do Work Related Physical Activities.” She checked boxes to indicate that 23 Perez is able to occasionally lift and/or carry less than 10 pounds, stand and/or walk for 24 less than 2 hours in an 8-hour work day, and sit less than 6 hours in an 8 hours in an 25 8-hour workday. She also indicated that Perez could never climb, balance, stoop, kneel, 26 crouch, or crawl and could use either hand occasionally for handling, fine manipulation, 27 feeling, and reaching. 28 -7- 1 The ALJ stated he did not afford “any significant weight” to the opinion of Perez’s 2 treating physician Dr. Rooney because her opinions appear “on a fill-in-the-blank form,” 3 she “failed to cite any medical testing results or objective observations to support her 4 conclusions as to the claimant’s residual functional capacity,” and her opinion conflicted 5 with the substantial evidence of record that documented less severe limitations. These 6 specific, legitimate reasons for giving Dr. Rooney’s physical assessment little weight are 7 supported by substantial evidence, including Perez’s testimony that she is able to read, 8 watch television, change her son’s diapers, dress her younger children, and go grocery 9 shopping and that medication improved her rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. 10 3. The ALJ Did Not Err by Failing to Provide Sufficient Reasons to Reject Examining Psychologist Dr. Stephen Hirdes’ Assessment. 11 Perez contends “[t]he ALJ erred by failing to provide sufficient reasons to reject 12 the assessment of the examining psychologist.” She states that although the ALJ 13 purported to give Dr. Hirdes’s assessment significant weight, he disregarded Dr. Hirdes’s 14 determination that Perez had moderate limitations in nine areas. 15 On September 5, 2007, State agency psychologist Dr. Hirdes examined Perez. His 16 assessment procedures included a mini-mental state exam, clinical interview, behavioral 17 observations, and review of records. In addition to a narrative report, Dr. Hirdes 18 completed a Medical Source Statement of Ability to Do Work Related Activities (Mental) 19 in which he opined that she was “moderately limited (fair/limited but not precluded)” in 20 the following abilities: maintain attention and concentration for extended periods; 21 perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular attendance, and be punctual within 22 customary tolerances; work in coordination with or proximity to others without being 23 distracted by them; complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from 24 psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without an 25 unreasonable number and length of rest periods; interact appropriately with the general 26 public; ask simple questions or request assistance; accept instructions and respond 27 28 -8- 1 appropriately to criticism from supervisors; get along with coworkers or peers without 2 distracting them or exhibiting behavioral extremes; and set realistic goals or make plans 3 independently of others. Dr. Hirdes did not assess Perez as being “markedly limited 4 (poor or none)” in any area. In other words, Dr. Hirdes did not opine that Perez’s mental 5 impairments precluded full-time work. 6 In his hearing decision, the ALJ stated: 7 11 The claimant saw Steven Hirdes, Ed.D., for a mental consultative examination. Dr. Hirdes opined that there were no indications of a formal thought disorder, delusions or hallucinations. Judgment and insight were deemed to be in the fair to good range. Informal assessment of intellectual functioning suggested the average range and the possibility of underlying learning disorder were also indicated. She was oriented to specific time, date and place as well as name, date of birth and age. The doctor further opined that the claimant had depressive disorder not otherwise specified with agitation (Exhibit 19F). 12 .... 13 Pursuant to 20 CFR § 404.1527, the undersigned assigns significant weight to these opinions, as they are well-supported by the medical evidence, including the claimant’s medical history and clinical and objective signs and findings as well as detailed treatment notes, which provides a reasonable basis for claimant’s chronic symptoms and resulting limitations. Moreover, the opinions are not inconsistent with other substantial evidence of record. In addition, these physicians are examining sources who are familiar with Social Security Rules and Regulations and legal standards set forth therein and best able to provide a superior analysis of the claimant’s impairments and resulting limitations. 8 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 The ALJ did not reject Dr. Hirdes’s mental assessment. He was not required to 19 restate each of Dr. Hirdes’s opinions, especially his opinions that Perez had moderate 20 limitations, but was not precluded from maintaining attention and concentration for 21 extended periods; performing activities within a schedule, maintaining regular attendance, 22 and being punctual within customary tolerances; etc. 23 B. The ALJ Did Not Err in Evaluating Perez’s Credibility. 24 In evaluating the credibility of a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or 25 other symptoms, the ALJ is required to engage in a two-step analysis: (1) determine 26 whether the claimant presented objective medical evidence of an impairment that could 27 28 -9- 1 reasonably be expected to produce some degree of the pain or other symptoms alleged; 2 and, if so with no evidence of malingering, (2) reject the claimant’s testimony about the 3 severity of the symptoms only by giving specific, clear, and convincing reasons for the 4 rejection. See Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009). To support a lack of 5 credibility finding, the ALJ is required to point to specific facts in the record that 6 demonstrate that Perez is in less pain than she claims. Id. at 592. 7 To be found credible regarding subjective pain or fatigue, a claimant is not 8 required to: (1) produce objective medical evidence of the pain or fatigue itself, or the 9 severity thereof; (2) produce objective medical evidence of the causal relationship 10 between the medically determinable impairment and the symptom; or (3) show that her 11 impairment could reasonably be expected to cause the severity of the alleged symptom, 12 only that it could reasonably have caused some degree of the symptom. Smolen v. 13 Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282 (9th Cir. 1996). 14 First, the ALJ found that Perez’s medically determinable impairments could 15 reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms. The ALJ did not make a finding 16 of malingering. Second, the ALJ found Perez’s statements regarding the intensity, 17 persistence, and limiting effects of the symptoms not credible to the extent they are 18 inconsistent with the ALJ’s residual functional capacity assessment. 19 Perez testified that she lived with her parents and her three children, who at the 20 time were fourteen, three, and one years old. She said she was inactive because of pain 21 from rheumatoid arthritis, which caused her to gain 70 pounds over the previous two 22 years. She said she also had pain in her right ankle, both wrists, both hands, fingers, and 23 lower back. She said she did not do any cooking, washing dishes, washing laundry, 24 house cleaning, or exercising, but she did read, change her baby’s diapers, and dress both 25 of the younger children. She said that she usually went grocery shopping weekly and 26 would spend about 30 minutes at the store. She testified that she used a motorized cart 27 for shopping. 28 - 10 - 1 Perez described pain, stiffness, and swelling she experienced in both of her wrists 2 and both of her ankles. She said she also felt a sharp, burning pain in her right ankle, 3 lower back, both elbows, and both hands. She said that the pain was alleviated by laying 4 down for 20 or 30 minutes and somewhat alleviated by medications. She said her pain 5 was worse if she stands for more than 30 minutes. She said she could sit for 30 to 40 6 minutes and then she needed to stand up. She further testified that in a typical 9:00 to 7 5:00 day, she would spend about four and a half hours laying down. 8 9 10 11 Perez also testified that the carpal tunnel surgery had not helped her left hand at all, but her right hand was not as numb after the surgery. She said she continued to have arthritic pain in both hands. She said the epidurals did not help her back pain at all. She also said she had depression and anxiety with panic. She said she did not 12 leave her house anymore and did not see or talk on the telephone with friends. She said 13 she was depressed and always cries, except around her children. 14 The ALJ provided specific, clear, and convincing reasons for rejecting Pimentel’s 15 subjective testimony. See Vasquez, 572 F.3d at 591. He also pointed to specific facts in 16 the record that demonstrate that Perez is in less pain than she claims although some of his 17 “facts” were incorrect. For example, he stated that Perez admitted at the hearing that the 18 medications she takes help and he incorrectly described them as medications for 19 rheumatoid arthritis, but her testimony did not identify which medications helped which 20 condition. Also, the ALJ incorrectly said that Perez testified that the epidural injections 21 helped with her back condition, and she said they did not help at all. Further, the ALJ 22 said she testified that the carpal tunnel surgeries did not help, but in fact, she said that her 23 right hand was not as numb after the surgery. 24 However, the ALJ correctly identified record evidence showing that in March 25 2008 Perez had been satisfied with the relief provided by the carpal tunnel surgery on her 26 right wrist, the methotrexate seemed to help her generalized arthritic symptoms such as 27 stiffness and generalized pain, and she had received temporary relief from epidural 28 - 11 - 1 steroid injections. Five days after the January 2008 carpal tunnel surgery Perez had 2 reported that she could tell a difference already, her fingers did not feel tingly, and the 3 deep pain was better. 4 The ALJ also found Perez’s allegations regarding the severity of her depression 5 lacked credibility. He stated specific, clear, and convincing reasons for his finding, such 6 as she has not required inpatient psychiatric hospitalization, her course of treatment has 7 generally been conservative, and her thought processes were normal despite her depressed 8 mood. 9 C. The ALJ Erred by Failing to Include a Function-by-Function Assessment in the Residual Functional Capacity Determination. 10 A claimant’s residual functional capacity is “what an individual can still do despite 11 his or her limitations.” Social Security Ruling 96-8p. The residual functional capacity 12 assessment is “a function-by-function assessment based upon all of the relevant evidence 13 of an individual’s ability to do work-related activities.” Id. “At step 4 of the sequential 14 evaluation process, the [residual functional capacity] must not be expressed initially in 15 terms of the exertional categories of “sedentary,” “light,” “medium,” “heavy,” and “very 16 heavy” work because the first consideration at this step is whether the individual can do 17 past relevant work as he or she actually performed it.” Id. At step five, the residual 18 functional capacity 19 20 21 22 23 . . . must be expressed in terms of, or related to, the exertional categories when the adjudicator determines whether there is other work the individual can do. However, in order for an individual to do a full range of work at a given level, such as sedentary, the individual must be able to perform substantially all of the exertional and nonexertional functions required in work at that level. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the individual’s capacity to perform each of these functions in order to decide which exertional level is appropriate and whether the individual is capable of doing the full range of work contemplated by the exertional level. 24 Id. (emphasis added). 25 Here, the ALJ did not provide a function-by-function assessment. At step four, the 26 ALJ found that Perez “has the residual functional capacity to perform light work . . . 27 28 - 12 - 1 except [she] is limited to simple, unskilled work.” If the ALJ had found that Perez had no 2 exertional or nonexertional limitations, he would not have limited her to “light work” and 3 “simple, unskilled work.” But his narrative discussion sheds no light on what, if any, 4 function-by-function assessment he reached. 5 The hearing decision states that the ALJ found Perez’s testimony regarding the 6 intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms not credible. He also did not 7 afford significant weight to her primary care physician’s opinion. Regarding physical 8 limitations, the ALJ assigned significant weight to the opinions of two State agency 9 examining physicians but did not explain how their assessments equated to “light work.” 10 The ALJ assigned significant weight to the opinion of Dr. Brent Layton, a State 11 agency physician, who examined Perez on February 22, 2007, when she was 32 weeks 12 pregnant. At the time, she reportedly weighed 254 pounds and was 5' 2½". He assessed 13 Perez with obesity, pregnancy, positive rheumatoid factor without other evidence of 14 rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic degenerative changes to her ankles. He noted that 15 she was able to dress and undress, get up from the chair, get on the examining table, walk, 16 tandem walk, walk on her heels and toes, hop on each lower extremity, squat, rise from a 17 squatting position, and bend over and touch her toes. With regard to work-related 18 activities, Dr. Layton opined that Perez did not have “any problems with sitting, standing, 19 walking, lifting, carrying, handling objects, hearing, speaking, or traveling.” 20 The ALJ also assigned significant weight to the opinion of Dr. Jamshid Mirzaei, 21 another State physician, who examined Perez on October 27, 2007. He diagnosed Perez 22 with ankle pain, rheumatoid arthritis with signs of active inflammatory changes in the 23 small joints of the hands, and low back pain. Dr. Mirzaei opined that Perez would be able 24 to stand and walk 6-8 hours in an 8-hour workday given frequent and routine breaks, lift 25 and carry 25 pounds frequently and 50 pounds occasionally, and climb stairs frequently. 26 Regarding mental limitations, the ALJ assigned significant weight to three 27 28 assessments by two State psychology consultants. He described Dr. Hirdes’ opinion - 13 - 1 without mentioning the existence or absence of work-related mental limitations. Dr. 2 Brady Dalton reviewed Perez’s records on November 7, 2005, and on November 13, 3 2007. He found moderate work-related limitations in a number of areas, but no marked 4 limitations. He concluded that Perez appeared capable of performing “simple to semi- 5 skilled work.” That comment may be the basis for the ALJ’s step four determination that 6 Perez “is limited to simple, unskilled work.” 7 At step five, the ALJ explained: 8 If the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform the full range of light work, considering the claimant’s age, education, and work experience, a finding of “not disabled” would be directed by MedicalVocational Rule 202.21. However, the additional limitations have little or no effect on the occupational base of unskilled light work. A finding of “not disabled” is therefore appropriate under the framework of this rule. 9 10 11 Thus, the hearing decision states, in essence, Perez is capable of doing “simple, 12 unskilled” “light” work, she has some unidentified limitations but they do not prevent her 13 from performing some jobs involving “unskilled light work,” and therefore she is not 14 disabled under Social Security law. 15 Because the ALJ did not perform a function-by-function assessment, it is 16 impossible to determine whether his conclusions at steps four and five are supported by 17 substantial evidence and not based on legal error. 18 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner of 19 Social Security is VACATED and this case is REMANDED for further proceedings 20 consistent with this opinion. The Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall 21 terminate this case. 22 DATED this 22nd day of August, 2011. 23 24 25 26 27 28 - 14 -

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