Camboni et al v. MGM Grand Hotel LLC et al
Filing
45
ORDER Defendants Lewis & Roca, LLP's and John L. Krieger's motion to dismiss 27 is granted. Plaintiff's claims against these Defendants are dismissed with prejudice. Defendants MGM's motion to dismiss 28 is granted. Plaintiff& #039;s claims against these Defendants are dismissed with prejudice. Defendants MGM's motion to strike is granted in part and denied in part as set forth in this order. The Clerk of the Court is directed to terminate this matter. Signed by Judge David G Campbell on 7/16/12.(TLJ)
1
WO
2
3
4
5
6
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
7
FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
8
9
Plaintiff,
10
11
No. CV11-1784-PHX-DGC
Anthony Camboni,
ORDER
v.
12
MGM Grand Hotel, LLC, et. al.,
13
Defendants.
14
Plaintiff Anthony Camboni filed a first amended complaint (“FAC”) alleging
15
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (“RICO”) violations and requesting
16
treble damages and an injunction against Defendants MGM Grand Hotel, LLC and
17
several named affiliates (collectively, “MGM”), and MGM’s legal counsel, Lewis &
18
Roca, LLP, and several of its attorneys and their spouses (collectively, “Lewis &
19
Roca”).1 Doc. 7. MGM and Lewis & Roca (collectively, “Defendants”) have filed
20
separate motions to dismiss, principally on the grounds that Mr. Camboni has failed to
21
state any cognizable legal claim. Docs. 27, 28. The motions have been fully briefed
22
(Docs. 41, 42; 40, 43) and no party has requested oral argument. For the reasons that
23
follow, the Court will grant Defendants’ motions and dismiss Mr. Camboni’s complaint
24
with prejudice.
25
26
1
27
28
The claims against Defendants Zubey, Van Winkle, Cardenas, and their spouses
were dismissed after Plaintiff failed to serve them despite two extensions of the time.
Doc. 39 at 5. Lewis & Roca’s motion to dismiss is filed on behalf of Lewis & Roca, LLP
and attorney John L. Krieger.
1
I.
Background.
2
The allegations in the FAC concern actions taken by Defendants MGM and its
3
lawyers in connection with a prior lawsuit filed against Plaintiff on September 11, 2007.
4
See MGM Grand Hotel, LLC v. Camboni, 2:07-cv-01739-DGC, Doc. 1. In that suit,
5
MGM sued Plaintiff for cybersquatting and trademark infringement arising from his
6
October 30, 2006 registration of the internet domain name studio54.mobi, which MGM
7
alleged infringed on its STUDIO 54 trademark and its studio54.com domain name. Id.
8
Prior to MGM filing suit, GoDaddy – the registrar of Plaintiff’s domain name –
9
contacted Plaintiff regarding the possible trademark issues and directed Plaintiff to
10
MGM’s legal counsel at Lewis & Roca, Defendant John L. Krieger. Doc. 7, ¶ 61.
11
Plaintiff alleges that he called Mr. Krieger and voluntarily began redirecting internet
12
traffic from studio54.mobi to studio54.com.
13
through Mr. Krieger – sent Plaintiff a contract proposal to transfer the domain name to
14
MGM. Id., ¶ 67. Plaintiff requested that MGM strike a confidentiality clause from the
15
contract, but MGM declined, and Plaintiff consequently refused to sign, prompting MGM
16
to file suit. See Id., ¶¶ 68-76.
Id., ¶ 62.
Thereafter, MGM – acting
17
MGM’s suit ended pursuant to a stipulation by the parties on October 2, 2007, in
18
which the Court ordered that GoDaddy transfer to MGM “all right, title and interest in the
19
domain name studio54.mobi” and that Mr. Camboni “shall have no further right, title or
20
interest in the domain name.” MGM Grand Hotel, 2:07-cv-01739-DGC, Doc. 8 at 1.
21
The Court dismissed the claims of both parties without prejudice. Id.
22
Plaintiff initiated this action on September 9, 2011, nearly four years after
23
dismissal of the prior lawsuit. Doc. 1. Plaintiff alleges that MGM, acting through Lewis
24
& Roca, made phony trademark claims and “received transfer of Internet Domain Name
25
STUDIO54.MOBI from Plaintiff due to deception, threats, coercion and misuse of
26
Judicial Process” Id., ¶¶ 56, 74, 79, 107. Plaintiff seeks a declaration regarding a
27
number of actions taken by MGM and Lewis & Roca in connection with the prior lawsuit
28
“so that Plaintiff may ascertain Plaintiff’s rights” (Doc. 7, ¶¶ 134-35), and compensation
-2-
1
for Defendants’ actions, which Plaintiff alleges were in violation of federal RICO
2
statutes. Id., ¶¶ 136-205.
3
Defendants ask the Court to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice on a
4
number of grounds, including that Plaintiff’s RICO claim is time-barred, Plaintiff fails to
5
plead facts to support the elements of a RICO claim, and Plaintiff’s request for an
6
injunction fails because the RICO claim fails.
7
II.
Legal Standards.
8
A.
Failure to State a Claim.
9
When analyzing a complaint for failure to state a claim to relief under
10
Rule 12(b)(6), the well-pled factual allegations are taken as true and construed in the light
11
most favorable to the nonmoving party. Cousins v. Lockyer, 568 F.3d 1063, 1067 (9th
12
Cir. 2009). Legal conclusions couched as factual allegations are not entitled to the
13
assumption of truth, Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 680 (2009), and therefore are
14
insufficient to defeat a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, In re Cutera Sec.
15
Litig., 610 F.3d 1103, 1108 (9th Cir. 2010). To avoid a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal, the
16
complaint must plead enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.
17
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). This plausibility standard “is not
18
akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a
19
defendant has acted unlawfully.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at
20
556). “[W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere
21
possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged B but it has not ‘show[n]’ B ‘that the
22
pleader is entitled to relief.’” Id. at 679 (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)).
23
B.
RICO.
24
The RICO statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1961-1968, provides both criminal and civil causes
25
of action. To bring a civil RICO claim, a person must be “injured in his business or
26
property” by violations of Section 1962. 18 U.S.C. § 1964(c). This section defines four
27
types of closely-related, prohibited conduct. See id. at § 1962(a)-(d). All of these
28
violations involve using or conspiring to use a “pattern of racketeering activity.” Id.
-3-
1
“‘Racketeering activity’ means . . . any act or threat involving murder, kidnapping,
2
gambling, arson, robbery, bribery, extortion, dealing in obscene matter, or dealing in a
3
controlled substance” that is an offense under state law “and punishable by imprisonment
4
for more than one year” or an act that is indictable under any listed federal statute. 18
5
U.S.C. § 1961(1). See Klehr v. A. O. Smith Corp., 521 U.S. 179, 183 (1984) (“The
6
phrase ‘racketeering activity’ is a term of art defined in terms of activity that violates
7
other laws, including more than 50 specifically mentioned federal statutes[.]”).
8
“‘pattern of racketeering activity’ requires at least two acts of racketeering activity, . . .
9
the last of which occurred within ten years (excluding any period of imprisonment) after
10
the commission of a prior act of racketeering activity.” 18 U.S.C. § 1961(5).
11
III.
A
Defendants’ Arguments.2
12
A.
Plaintiff’s Claims are Time-Barred.
13
Defendants argue that the four-year statute of limitations for RICO claims bars
14
Plaintiff’s only substantive claim because, under Ninth Circuit precedent, the limitations
15
period begins to run “when a Plaintiff knows or should have known of the injury that
16
underlies his cause of action.” Doc. 28 at 5-6. Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s alleged
17
injury stems from their refusal to settle MGM’s trademark dispute without a
18
confidentiality clause on April 27, 2007, more than four years before Plaintiff filed this
19
action. Doc. 28 at 5-6.
20
Defendants correctly state the statute of limitations for Plaintiff’s RICO claim.
21
Doc 28 at 5 (quoting Pincay v. Andrews, 238 F.3d 1106, 1108 (9th Cir. 2001) (“the
22
statute of limitations for civil RICO actions is four years.”) (citing Agency Holding Corp.
23
v. Malley-Duff & Associates, Inc., 483 U.S. 143, 156, (1987)). Defendants also correctly
24
note that the statute begins to run “when a Plaintiff knows or should have known of the
25
injury that underlies his cause of action.” Pincay, 238 F.3d at 1108 (quoting Grimmett v.
26
2
27
28
MGM and Lewis & Roca make nearly identical arguments in their motions
regarding the reasons Plaintiff’s claim should be dismissed. The Court will therefore
address these arguments collectively, but cite only to the relevant page numbers in
MGM’s motion.
-4-
1
Brown, 75 F.3d 506, 511 (9th Cir. 1996) (reaffirming the Ninth Circuit’s long-standing
2
application of the “injury discovery” rule to civil RICO claims even where a plaintiff had
3
not yet discovered the “pattern” element necessary to complete her claim)). Whether
4
Plaintiff’s RICO claim is time-barred depends on whether the alleged injury underlying
5
Plaintiff’s cause of action occurred and was known to Plaintiff in April of 2007 when the
6
trademark dispute was not settled, or whether it was discovered only when Defendants
7
filed suit against Plaintiff on September 11, 2007, less than four years before Plaintiff’s
8
filing of this lawsuit on September 9, 2011.
9
The FAC generally alleges “threats, coercion, extortion, harassment” and “misuse
10
of judicial process” as the basis for Plaintiff’s RICO claim. See, e.g., Doc. 7, ¶¶ 138,
11
139, 153, 175, 177. The FAC specifically identifies Defendants’ refusal to remove the
12
confidentiality clause from the proposed settlement contract and Mr. Krieger’s email
13
response to Plaintiff’s objection on April 27, 2007 that “I’d hate for us to get
14
unnecessarily embroiled in a lawsuit” as threatening acts that injured Plaintiff by keeping
15
him from using his property. Id., ¶¶ 70, 73-74. The FAC elsewhere points to the filing of
16
the lawsuit and Defendants’ subsequent refusal to dismiss the suit with prejudice as
17
evidence of alleged threats, harassment, and coercion. See, e.g., id., ¶¶ 100, 109, 110. As
18
Defendants argue, however, these actions are all “part of the same interrelated scheme.”
19
Doc. 28 at 6. Plaintiff likewise insists in his response that “Defendants’ actions must be
20
viewed as an ongoing conspiracy, rather than a series of unrelated events.” Doc. 40 at 17.
21
Thus, under Ninth Circuit precedent, the statute of limitations began to run when Plaintiff
22
first claimed to have known of and experienced injury from Defendants’ alleged scheme:
23
no later than April 27, 2007, more than four years before Plaintiff filed his complaint.
24
Plaintiff insists that his RICO claim was timely filed. Doc. 40 at 17. But Plaintiff
25
offers no explanation or argument for this assertion. To the extent that Plaintiff may seek
26
to date his cause of action from the filing of Defendants’ lawsuit on September 11, 2007,
27
this date is inconsistent with allegations in the FAC and Plaintiff’s own statement
28
discussed above.
Moreover, any argument that the filing of the prior lawsuit and
-5-
1
Defendants’ actions related to that litigation effectively “restarted” the limitations period
2
is foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s ruling in Klehr v. A.O. Smith Corp., 521 U.S. 179,
3
187 (1997). Klehr expressly rejected the “last predicate act rule” on the grounds that it
4
allowed for a potentially indefinite extension of the statute of limitations for RICO claims
5
based on a series of predicate acts, an approach that clearly was “longer than Congress
6
could have contemplated.” Id.
7
In sum, under relevant Ninth Circuit and Supreme Court precedent, Plaintiff had
8
four years to file his complaint after he first became aware of his alleged injury. Plaintiff
9
failed to comply with this requirement. Plaintiff’s RICO claims are time-barred.
10
B.
11
Even if Plaintiff’s claims were timely, Defendants argue, and the Court agrees,
12
that Plaintiff fails to state a RICO claim. Doc. 28 at 7-13. The FAC fails to identify the
13
particular subsection of § 1962 that serves as the basis for Plaintiff’s claim. The FAC
14
does, however, purport to show the following elements: (1) the existence of an enterprise,
15
(2) derivation of income from a pattern of racketeering activity, (3) the use of such
16
income in acquiring or operating the enterprise, and (4) an injury to Plaintiff that flows
17
from the use or investment of racketeering income. Doc. 7, ¶¶ 148-174.
18
19
20
21
22
23
Plaintiff Fails to Allege the Required Elements of a RICO Claim.
Defendants infer that Plaintiff attempts to make a claim under § 1962(a), which
states in relevant part:
It shall be unlawful for any person who has received any
income derived . . . from a pattern of racketeering activity . . .
to use or invest, directly or indirectly, any part of such
income, or the proceeds of such income, in acquisition of any
interest in, or the establishment or operation of, any enterprise
which is engaged in . . . interstate or foreign commerce.
24
18 U.S.C. § 1962(a). To make a civil claim, Plaintiff must also show causally-related
25
injury to his business or property. 18 U.S.C. § 1964(c). Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s
26
claim fails for a number of reasons, including that there is no plausible criminal
27
enterprise or pattern of racketeering activity, and Plaintiff has shown no damages
28
causally related to Defendants’ alleged actions. Doc. 28 at 8-13.
-6-
1
The Court need not address all of Defendants’ arguments, nor is it necessary to
2
determine whether Plaintiff attempts to state a claim under § 1962(a) or another
3
subsection of § 1962. As stated in the legal standards above, all four closely-related
4
subsections of § 1962 require a “pattern of racketeering activity” defined by predicate
5
violations of state or federal law. Plaintiff fails to allege facts showing violations of any
6
state or federal law.
7
Plaintiff’s repeated allegations of threats, coercion, extortion, harassment, and
8
misuse of judicial process are legal conclusions not entitled to a presumption of truth.
9
See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 680. The factual allegations upon which these claims rest are, in
10
essence, that MGM and its lawyers insisted on a confidentiality agreement in the
11
proposed contract to settle the trademark infringement and domain-name disputes with
12
Plaintiff (Doc. 7, ¶¶ 67-70); that when Plaintiff refused to sign, Defendants threatened to
13
and did file suit (id., ¶¶ 70, 76); that Defendants sought a temporary restraining order
14
against Plaintiff (id., ¶¶ 84-85); that Defendants repeatedly refused Plaintiff’s offers to
15
transfer the domain name absent a confidentiality agreement (id., ¶¶ 103-105); and that
16
Defendants refused to dismiss their suit with prejudice (id., ¶ 106). Additionally, the
17
FAC purports to rely on Defendants’ filing of other trademark-related lawsuits as
18
evidence of the pattern of racketeering activity required for a claim under RICO. Id.,
19
¶¶ 150-53, 175, 184.
20
Taken as true, these allegations fail to support Plaintiff’s claim that Defendants
21
engaged in a pattern of racketeering activity. There simply is no requirement that a party
22
seeking to vindicate its federally-protected trademark and domain name rights comply
23
with the other party’s conditions for settlement before bringing suit.
24
anything criminal about a corporate entity filing suit under applicable federal law and
25
using lawyers to litigate trademark infringement and cybersquatting claims. To the
26
contrary, as Defendants point out, trademark owners have a duty to police the market and
27
protect their trademarks. See 2 J. Thomas McCarthy, McCarthy on Trademarks and
28
Unfair Competition § 11:91 (4th ed. 2010) (citing cases); Proctor & Gamble v. Johnson
-7-
Nor is there
1
& Johnson, Inc., 485 F.Supp. 1185, 1207 (S.D.N.Y. 1979) (“[Procter & Gamble] cannot
2
be faulted for zealously protecting [its] trademark interest. Indeed, the trademark law not
3
only encourages but requires one to be vigilant on pain of losing exclusive rights.”).
4
To the extent Plaintiff wishes to dispute the merits of Defendants’ prior suit (see,
5
e.g., Doc. 7, ¶¶ 56, 59, 154), or to seek sanctions on the ground that Defendants violated
6
Rule 11 by filing meritless claims (id., ¶¶ 9-11), the place for doing so was in the prior
7
litigation. Instead, Plaintiff waited nearly four years after the settlement and stipulated
8
dismissal of the prior action to assert a substantively baseless RICO claim. Plaintiff fails
9
to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
10
C.
Plaintiff’s Declaratory Judgment Claim Fails.
11
Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s request for an injunction fails because it is
12
premised on Plaintiff’s RICO claim, and, when a complaint’s substantive claims are
13
dismissed, claims for declaratory relief based on those claims must also be dismissed.
14
Doc. 28 at 15 (citing Jones v. ABN Amro Mortg. Group, Inc., 606 F.3d 119, 126 n.5 (3d
15
Cir. 2010) (“Because the District Court properly dismissed the Joneses’ substantive
16
claims, the claim for a declaratory judgment was also properly dismissed.”)); Id. at 15, n.
17
17 (citing additional cases). In the alternative, Defendants argue that to the extent
18
Plaintiff asserts a free-standing interest in declaratory relief, there is no longer any
19
outstanding controversy between the parties to warrant such relief. Id. at 15-16.
20
Plaintiff responds that his claim for declaratory relief is based on an ongoing
21
controversy because Defendants perpetrated fraud on the Court in the prior action and
22
that fraud has not been resolved. Docs. 40 at 22; 41 at 23. The FAC requests a
23
declaration that “Plaintiff was not engaged in any activity that infringed upon alleged
24
trademark rights held by MGM Defendants[.]” Doc. 7 at 32. The body of the FAC
25
enumerates other issues upon which Plaintiff requests a judicial determination, such as
26
whether Plaintiff was required to sign Defendants’ contract and whether Defendants used
27
coercion to get Plaintiff to agree to their demands. Id., ¶ 134(a)-(f). In short, Plaintiff
28
asks the Court to adjudicate issues related to a lawsuit resolved by stipulation nearly four
-8-
1
years ago. Plaintiff’s RICO claims provide no basis for such re-litigation of a dismissed
2
action, and the FAC identifies no other substantive basis for such relief. The Court will
3
therefore dismiss Plaintiff’s request for declaratory judgment.
4
D.
The Dismissal Will Be With Prejudice.
5
Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s FAC should be dismissed with prejudice because
6
its deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment. Doc. 28 at 16-17. Plaintiff argues that
7
he is not an attorney and the Court must provide him the opportunity to correct any
8
alleged deficiencies. Doc. 40 at 3, 16. Plaintiff also argues that dismissal without leave
9
to amend will not serve the cause of justice. Id.
10
Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure declares that courts should “freely
11
give leave [to amend] when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). While “this
12
mandate is to be heeded,” leave to amend may be denied if the amendment would be
13
futile. Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). In the Ninth Circuit, pro se litigants
14
are entitled to notice of the complaint’s deficiencies and an opportunity to amend prior to
15
dismissal of the action unless it is absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the complaint
16
cannot be cured by amendment. See Lucas v. Dep’t of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir.
17
1995); Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995).
18
Here, the Court finds it absolutely clear that the deficiencies of Plaintiff’s
19
complaint cannot be cured by amendment. As previously discussed, Plaintiff’s RICO
20
claim is barred by the statute of limitations. What is more, Defendants’ filing of the prior
21
lawsuit to pursue MGM’s federally-protected rights simply does not constitute a violation
22
under any state or federal law. Plaintiff lacks any viable claim for an award of damages
23
or injunctive relief, and the Court therefore will dismiss the FAC with prejudice. See
24
Saul v. United States, 928 F.2d 829, 843 (9th Cir. 1991) (“A district court does not err in
25
denying leave to amend where the amendment would be futile, . . . or where the amended
26
complaint would be subject to dismissal.”) (citations omitted); Miller v. Rykoff-Sexton,
27
Inc., 845 F.2d 209, 214 (9th Cir. 1988) (“A motion for leave to amend may be denied if it
28
appears to be futile or legally insufficient.”) (citation omitted).
-9-
1
IV.
Additional Matters.
2
A.
Plaintiff’s Exhibits.
3
Defendants argue that the Court, in ruling on their motion to dismiss, should
4
disregard the more than 120 pages of newspaper articles, print-outs from websites, and
5
emails that Plaintiff attaches to the FAC because none of them constitutes a “written
6
instrument” for purposes of Federal Rule of Evidence 10(c). Doc. 28 at 3-4, 4 n. 4, 5. “A
7
‘written instrument’ within the meaning of Rule 10(c) ‘is a document evidencing legal
8
rights or duties or giving formal expression to a legal act or agreement, such as a deed,
9
will, bond, lease, insurance policy or security agreement.’” DeMarco v. DepoTech Corp.,
10
149 F. Supp. 2d 1212, 1220 (S.D. Cal. 2001) (quoting Murphy v. Cadillac Rubber &
11
Plastics, Inc., 946 F. Supp. 1108, 1115 (W.D.N.Y. 1996)).
12
Plaintiff’s attachments do not constitute “written instruments” for purposes of Rule 10(c)
13
and should be disregarded. The Court has not relied upon them in this order.
The Court agrees that
14
B.
Other MGM Entities.
15
MGM argues that of the four named MGM Defendants, only MGM Grand Hotel,
16
LLC was involved in filing the lawsuit that serves as the basis for Plaintiff’s complaint
17
and that the other named MGM entities should be dismissed. Doc. 28 at 13-14. The
18
Court finds no mention of the other named entities in the allegations of wrongdoing in the
19
FAC and agrees that absent any allegations against them, these parties should be
20
dismissed. Because the Court is dismissing the FAC with prejudice, the Court need not
21
separately dismiss the improperly named MGM parties.
22
C.
MGM’s Motion to Strike Portions of Plaintiff’s Response.
23
MGM argues in its reply that Plaintiff’s response fails to address the legal
24
arguments in MGM’s motion, and instead engages in “lewd, personal, slights on
25
undersigned counsel.” Doc. 43 at 1. MGM states that these attacks should be stricken
26
from the record. Id. MGM also states that the Court should strike pages 18-24 of
27
Plaintiff’s response because they exceed the page limit and Plaintiff was previously
28
admonished that the Court would not excuse Plaintiff’s failure to comply with the federal
- 10 -
1
and local rules. Id., see Doc. 39 at 4.
2
Rule 12(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that “the court may
3
strike from a pleading an insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent,
4
or scandalous matter.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f). The Court agrees that the portion of
5
Plaintiff’s response identified by MGM (Doc. 40 at 18: 15-20) consists solely of a lewd,
6
personal attack on Lewis & Roca counsel and will strike this portion under Rule 12(f).
7
The Court has already determined that Plaintiff’s arguments in response to MGM’s
8
motion to dismiss lack merit and will deny as moot Defendant’s request to strike pages
9
18-24.
10
D.
Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike MGM’s Reply.
11
Plaintiff filed a Motion to Strike MGM Defendants’ Reply in Support of Motion to
12
Dismiss the Amended Complaint. Doc. 44. Plaintiff argues that MGM’s request to strike
13
portions of Plaintiff’s response is improper under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 7
14
because it is not captioned as a “MOTION.” Doc. 44 at 1-2. Plaintiff’s motion is without
15
merit. Local Rule 7(m)(2) expressly states that objections to evidence offered in support
16
or opposition to a motion “must be presented in the objecting party’s responsive or reply
17
memorandum and not in a separate motion to strike.” LRCiv. 7(m)(2). MGM complied
18
with this rule. Plaintiff offers no other basis for striking MGM’s reply apart from his
19
own disagreement with its content. Doc. 44 at 2-6. Plaintiff’s motion will be denied.
20
IT IS ORDERED:
21
1.
Defendants Lewis & Roca, LLP’s and John L. Krieger’s motion to dismiss
22
(Doc. 27) is granted. Plaintiff’s claims against these Defendants are dismissed with
23
prejudice.
24
25
26
27
2.
Defendants MGM’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 28) is granted. Plaintiff’s
claims against these Defendants are dismissed with prejudice.
3.
Defendants MGM’s motion to strike is granted in part and denied in part
as set forth in this order.
28
- 11 -
1
4.
The Clerk of the Court is directed to terminate this matter.
2
Dated this 16th day of July, 2012.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
- 12 -
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?