Stevens v. Astrue

Filing 16

ORDER that the Defendant's decision denying benefits is reversed. The Clerk is directed to remand the case for an award of benefits. Signed by Judge David G Campbell on 6/4/12. (LSP)

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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 Manuel Stevens III, Plaintiff, 10 11 12 No. CV11-1978-PHX-DGC ORDER v. Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, 13 Defendant. 14 15 In December 2007 and April 2008, Plaintiff applied for disability income benefits 16 and supplemental security income, alleging disability beginning October 29, 2007. 17 Tr. 17. The Social Security Administration denied these claims on June 3, 2008, and 18 affirmed its denial on August 13, 2008. Id. Plaintiff appealed, and Administrative Law 19 Judge (“ALJ”) Ronald C. Dickinson held a hearing on January 25, 2010. Tr. 38. The 20 ALJ issued a written decision on March 15, 2010, finding that Plaintiff was not disabled 21 under the terms of the Social Security Act. Tr. 17-28. This became the final agency 22 decision when the Appeals Council denied review. Tr. 1-3. Plaintiff filed a motion for 23 judicial review, requesting remand for an award of benefits. Doc. 13. Defendant filed a 24 memorandum in opposition (Doc. 14), and Plaintiff filed a reply. Doc. 15. For the 25 reasons that follow, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s motion, vacate Defendant’s decision, 26 and remand for an award of benefits.1 27 1 28 Plaintiff’s request for oral argument is denied because the issues have been fully briefed and oral argument will not aid the Court=s decision. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 78(b). 1 I. Standard of Review. 2 Defendant=s decision to deny benefits will be vacated “only if it is not supported 3 by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 4 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006). “‘Substantial evidence’ means more than a mere scintilla, but 5 less than a preponderance, i.e., such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept 6 as adequate to support a conclusion.” 7 supported by substantial evidence, the Court must consider the record as a whole, 8 weighing both the evidence that supports the decision and the evidence that detracts from 9 it. Reddick v. Charter, 157 F.3d 715, 720 (9th Cir. 1998). If there is sufficient evidence 10 to support the Commissioner’s determination, the Court cannot substitute its own 11 determination. See Young v. Sullivan, 911 F.2d 180, 184 (9th Cir. 1990). 12 II. Id. In determining whether the decision is Analysis. 13 Determining whether a claimant is disabled involves a sequential five-step 14 evaluation process. The claimant must show (1) he is not currently working, (2) he has a 15 severe physical or mental impairment, and (3) the impairment meets or equals a listed 16 impairment or (4) his residual functional capacity (“RFC”) precludes him from 17 performing his past work. If at any step the Commission determines that a claimant is or 18 is not disabled, the analysis ends; otherwise it proceeds to the next step. If the claimant 19 establishes his burden through step four, the Commissioner bears the burden at step five 20 of showing that the claimant has the RFC to perform other work that exists in substantial 21 numbers in the national economy. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v). 22 The ALJ found that Plaintiff had not worked since October 29, 2007. Tr. 19. The 23 ALJ found that Plaintiff suffered from the following severe combination of impairments: 24 status-post L5-S1 fusion surgery, low back pain, apnea, hypertension, obesity, insomnia, 25 depression, anxiety disorder, and a history of narcotic abuse. Id. The ALJ found that 26 Plaintiff’s impairments did not meet or equal one of the listed impairments. Tr. 20. The 27 ALJ found Plaintiff to have the RFC to perform light and sedentary work and to be able 28 to perform unskilled work that does not involve crawling, crouching, squatting, kneeling, -2- 1 or the use of his legs or feet to push or pull, and that would allow him to alternate 2 between sitting and standing. Tr. 21. The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff would not be able 3 to perform his past work, but that his RFC, in consideration with his work experience, 4 age, and education, would allow him to perform other work that exists in significant 5 numbers in the national economy. Tr. 26-27. 6 Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ erred by (1) rejecting the assessments of his treating 7 physician, Alicia Guice, M.D., (2) rejecting Plaintiff’s subjective complaints about his 8 symptoms without giving clear and convincing reasons for doing so, and (3) determining 9 Plaintiff’s RFC without stating any basis on the record. Doc. 13 at 9-21. Defendant 10 responds that the ALJ’s decision was based on substantial evidence and the ALJ properly 11 considered medical source evidence and Plaintiff’s subjective complaints in finding that 12 he was capable of light or sedentary work. Doc. 14 at 10-25. 13 A. Dr. Guice’s Opinion. 14 “The medical opinion of a claimant=s treating physician is entitled to ‘special 15 weight.’” Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 762 (9th Cir. 1989) (quoting Embrey v. 16 Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 421 (9th Cir. 1988)). “The rationale for giving the treating 17 physician=s opinion special weight is that he is employed to cure and has a greater 18 opportunity to know and observe the patient as an individual.” McCallister v. Sullivan, 19 888 F.2d 599, 602 (9th Cir. 1989) (citing Winans v. Bowen, 853 F.2d 643, 647 (9th Cir. 20 1987)). An ALJ may reject “the treating physician’s opinion, but only by setting forth 21 ‘specific, legitimate reasons for doing so, and this decision must itself be based on 22 substantial evidence.’” Rodriguez, 876 F.2d at 762 (quoting Cotton v. Bowen, 799 F.2d 23 1403, 1408 (1986)). The ALJ can meet this burden “by setting out a detailed and 24 thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his interpretation 25 thereof, and making findings.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 725. Furthermore, where the 26 treating physician’s opinion is not contradicted by another physician, the ALJ’s reasons 27 for rejecting the opinion must be “clear and convincing.” Rodriguez, 876 F.2d at 762; see 28 Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[A]n ALJ may reject a treating -3- 1 doctor’s medical opinion, if no other doctor has contradicted it, only for ‘clear and 2 convincing’ reasons supported by substantial evidence.”) (citing Reddick, 157 F.3d at 3 725). Similarly, clear and convincing reasons are required to reject a treating physician’s 4 subjective judgments and ultimate conclusions. See Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830- 5 33 (9th Cir. 1996); Embrey, 849 F.2d at 422 (“The subjective judgments of treating 6 physicians are important, and properly play a part in their medical evaluations. 7 Accordingly, the ultimate conclusions of those physicians must be given substantial 8 weight; they cannot be disregarded unless clear and convincing reasons for doing so exist 9 and are set forth in proper detail.”). 10 Plaintiff testified that he had been seeing Dr. Guice for about seven or eight years. 11 Tr. 56. The record contains reports from January 22, 2009 through December 30, 2009, 12 showing that Dr. Guice treated Plaintiff over that period primarily for low back pain, 13 anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Tr. 478-489. On December 30, 2009, Dr. Guice 14 completed an RFC questionnaire on Plaintiff’s pain and ability to work. Tr. 528-32. Dr. 15 Guice assessed Plaintiff’s pain as moderately severe and sufficient to interfere frequently 16 with his attention and concentration. Tr. 528. She also stated that he could frequently lift 17 or carry 10 pounds, could stand less than 2 hours a day and sit less than 6 hours a day in 18 an 8 hour workday, and that he must alternate between sitting and standing. Tr. 529. 19 Additionally, he could not climb, kneel, crouch, or crawl, and could occasionally balance 20 or stoop. Tr. 530. 21 The ALJ stated that he gave “some weight” to Dr. Guice’s opinion “to the extent 22 that it is consistent with the record as a whole.” Tr. 25. The ALJ did not specify which 23 parts of Dr. Guice’s opinion he found either consistent or inconsistent with the record. 24 The Court is thus left to determine what parts of Dr. Guice’s opinion the ALJ accepted. 25 In his RFC assessment, the ALJ stated that Plaintiff was capable of performing 26 light and sedentary work with some restrictions. Tr. 21. The ALJ incorporated similar 27 postural limitations to those in Dr. Guice’s assessment, but did not include Dr. Guice’s 28 opinion that Plaintiff’s pain was sufficiently severe to interfere frequently with his -4- 1 attention and concentration, nor her assessment that Plaintiff could stand or walk less 2 than 2 hours and sit less than 6 hours in an 8 hour workday. Id. When questioning the 3 vocational expert (“VE”) about Plaintiff’s ability to work, the ALJ used a hypothetical 4 that did not include these limitations, and concluded that Plaintiff was capable of light 5 jobs such as cashier and parking lot attendant or sedentary jobs such as packaging. 6 Tr. 62-63. 7 Plaintiff argues that, unlike the ALJ’s hypothetical, the limitations noted in Dr. 8 Guice’s assessment are inconsistent with full-time light work and sedentary work. 9 Doc. 13 at 10, 12-13. Plaintiff notes that the combined total of less than 8 hours a day 10 would not permit Plaintiff to sustain work-related activities “on a regular and continuing 11 basis.” Doc. 15 at 4, citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.15459(b)-(c), 416.945(b)-(c). Plaintiff also 12 notes that when asked at the hearing whether an individual would be able to sustain work 13 in a competitive environment while experiencing pain that frequently interfered with 14 attention and concentration, the vocational expert testified: “I don’t think they’d be able 15 to.” Doc. 13 at 12-13, n. 13; see Tr. 65. Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ needed either to 16 accept Dr. Guice’s limitations or state specific and legitimate reasons for rejecting them. 17 Doc. 13 at 13. Defendant responds that SSA regulations require the ALJ to make a RFC 18 assessment based on all the records, not just the opinion of the treating physician, and 19 that the ALJ articulated reasons for discounting portions of Dr. Guice’s opinion. Doc. 14 20 at 16. 21 The Court agrees that the ALJ was required to give specific reasons for rejecting 22 the limitations in Dr. Guice’s assessment. As the Ninth Circuit has explained, “[t]he ALJ 23 must do more than offer his conclusions. He must set forth his own interpretations and 24 explain why they, rather than the doctors’, are correct.” Embrey v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 25 421-22. Here, the ALJ made an RFC assessment that did not incorporate Dr. Guice’s 26 assessment that Plaintiff’s pain was sufficiently severe to interfere frequently with his 27 attention and concentration, nor her assessment that Plaintiff could stand or walk less 28 than 2 hours and sit less than 6 hours in an 8 hour workday. See Tr. 21. Although -5- 1 Defendant argues that the ALJ explained his reasons for rejecting parts of Dr. Guice’s 2 assessment, the Court finds no such explanation in the ALJ’s opinion. 3 Defendant argues on the basis of Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 605 (9th Cir. 4 1989), that the ALJ gave legally sufficient reasons for discounting Dr. Guice’s 5 assessment of Plaintiff’s disabling pain based on Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. 6 Doc. 14 at 15-16. In Fair, the Ninth Circuit found that the ALJ had properly discounted 7 claimant’s testimony of excess pain and that this constituted a “specific, legitimate reason 8 for rejecting the opinion of a treating physician.” 885 F.2d at 605. The ALJ in Fair 9 specifically noted that the treating physician based his opinion on his belief in the 10 testimony the ALJ rejected. Id. The ALJ in this case provided no similar explanation. 11 Moreover, Dr. Guice’s assessments do not appear to be based solely on Plaintiff’s 12 assertions – they do not entirely mirror the severity of Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. 13 Compare Tr. 528-32 with Tr. 52-53. Additionally, the physician in Fair explicitly stated 14 that claimant should be restricted to occupations that did not require him “to exceed his 15 own description of his symptoms and limitations.” Id. (emphasis added). No such 16 statement exists in this case. Dr. Guice was asked to assess Plaintiff’s pain and ability to 17 work based on her “independent clinical judgment.” See Tr. 528, 529. While it may 18 appear from the record that Dr. Guice based her opinion on her belief in subjective 19 testimony the ALJ deemed not credible, the ALJ never stated that this was his reason for 20 rejecting parts of Dr. Guice’s opinion. If this was the reason, the ALJ was required to say 21 so. 22 conclusions of a treating physician are entitled to substantial weight and “cannot be 23 disregarded unless clear and convincing reasons for doing so exist and are set forth in 24 proper detail.”) (emphasis added). See Embrey, 849 F.2d at 22 (stating that the subjective opinions and ultimate 25 Opinions of non-treating physicians may also serve as substantial evidence for 26 discounting the opinions of a treating physician “when the opinions are consistent with 27 independent clinical findings or other evidence in the record.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 28 F.3d 947, 957 (9th Cir. 2002). If a treating physician=s opinion is controverted by a non-6- 1 treating physician=s opinion, however, the ALJ must still make findings setting forth 2 “‘specific, legitimate reasons’ supported by substantial evidence in the record” for 3 rejecting it. Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Murray v. 4 Heckler, 722 F.2d 499, 502 (9th Cir. 1983)); see Thomas, 278 F.3d at 957. Here, as the 5 ALJ noted, state agency medical consultants and consultative examiner Dr. William 6 Chaffee opined, in part, that Plaintiff could frequently lift or carry 20 pounds and could 7 stand or walk up to 6 hours in an 8 hour day. Tr. at 25. It does not appear, however, that 8 the ALJ relied on these less restrictive functional assessments as the basis for discounting 9 Dr. Guice’s opinion. In fact, the ALJ stated that he gave “limited weight” to these 10 opinions, also because they were “inconsistent with the record as a whole.” Id. 11 Absent any discussion of what parts of Dr. Guice’s opinion were unsupported by 12 the record or clearly contradicted by other evidence, and absent any clear explanation of 13 why he was rejecting some parts of the opinion, the Court finds that the ALJ erred in 14 rejecting those parts that were inconsistent with an ability to do light or sedentary work. 15 B. Plaintiff’s Subjective Complaints. 16 Plaintiff made a number of subjective complaints concerning both his physical and 17 mental impairments that the ALJ found not to be credible. Tr. 22-26. Because Plaintiff’s 18 appeal focusses only on his spinal issues, including those leading to spinal fusion surgery 19 and the residual effects Plaintiff allegedly suffered thereafter (see Doc. 13 at 4), the Court 20 will limit its analysis to these symptoms. 21 Plaintiff reported that he had chronic back pain that interfered with his ability to 22 lift anything or do housework. Tr. 156. At the hearing in January 2010, Plaintiff testified 23 that he could only stand for about 20 minutes and sit for about 30 minutes before his back 24 started hurting or his feet started tingling, and he would have to lie down. Tr. 52-53. He 25 estimated that he had to lie down for about 8 hours in a 10 hour day and that his condition 26 worsened after having spinal fusion surgery, before which he would lie down for 6 to 7 27 hours during the day. Tr. 53, 55. Plaintiff also testified that he could only walk for 10 or 28 15 minutes before having to sit or lie down. Tr. 58. -7- 1 The ALJ evaluated Plaintiff=s testimony using the two-step analysis established by 2 the Ninth Circuit. See Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1281 (9th Cir. 1996). Applying 3 the test of Cotton v. Bowen, 799 F.2d 1403 (9th Cir. 1986), the ALJ determined that 4 Plaintiff=s impairments could reasonably produce some symptoms. Tr. 22. Given this 5 conclusion, and because there is no evidence of malingering, the ALJ was required to 6 present “specific, clear and convincing reasons” for finding Plaintiff not entirely credible. 7 Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1281. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to meet this burden. 8 Doc. 13 at 18. The Court does not agree. 9 The ALJ noted that when Plaintiff sought treatment for extreme back pain in July 10 2007, the examining physician found Plaintiff’s symptoms inconsistent with his clinical 11 exam and refused to prescribe narcotics. Tr. 22; see Tr. 290. The ALJ also cited 12 evidence that before Plainfiff’s surgery, he was consistently seen ambulating normally 13 and assessed as having normal motor strength and a full range of motion in his lower 14 extremities. Tr. 23; see Tr. 321, 350, 405, 433, 434. Although a physical examination 15 conducted by consultative examiner Dr. William Chaffee revealed a decrease in range of 16 motion in the lumbar region and straight leg raise testing was positive bilaterally at 80 17 degrees, the ALJ noted that Dr. Chaffee found normal motor strength in the lower 18 extremities and only slight lumbar tenderness with no deformity. Tr. 23; see Tr. 433-34. 19 After Plaintiff’s surgery on December 17, 2008, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff 20 continued to complain of back pain and ask for narcotics (see Tr. 496), but a post-surgery 21 follow up exam noted that he was able to walk upright without a cane or walker (see 22 Tr. 538), and Dr. Guice noted tenderness and back spasms only once (Tr. 23; see Tr. 478- 23 497). A review of Dr. Guice’s records shows that she noted lumbar tenderness in back 24 brace and post-surgical tenderness and back spasms twice (see Tr. 488, 497), but the 25 records otherwise indicate that he had “normal range of motion without pain.” Tr. 478- 26 497. The ALJ also noted that Plaintiff’s orthopedist, Dr. Waldrip, stated he was done 27 prescribing anti-spasmodics and pain medications and that Plaintiff should take extra 28 strength Tylenol. Tr. 23; see Tr. 537. Finally, the ALJ noted that when Plaintiff went to -8- 1 the emergency room on January 1, 2010, complaining of back pain and stating that he 2 was out of his prescribed pain killers, he was observed as being “ambulatory with a 3 steady gait.” Tr. 23; see Tr. 547. 4 Plaintiff correctly notes that an ALJ may not reject a claimant=s subjective 5 complaints based solely on lack of objective medical evidence to fully corroborate the 6 complaints (Doc. 13 at 17-18), but the ALJ did not make this error. Instead, the ALJ 7 specifically found that the objective medical evidence on record conflicted with 8 Plaintiff=s statements of disabling pain and functional limitations. Tr. 22-23. The Court 9 finds that the reasons provided by the ALJ are sufficiently specific, clear and convincing 10 to affirm the ALJ=s decision not to fully credit Plaintiff=s testimony. 11 C. The ALJ’s RFC Assessment. 12 “Residual functional capacity” is the most a claimant can do despite the limitations 13 caused by physical and/or mental impairments. See Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 14 762 (9th Cir. 1989); 20 C.F.R. '' 404.1545(a), 416.927(a); SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184 15 (July 2, 1996). The ALJ is responsible for assessing the claimant’s RFC “based on all of 16 the relevant medical and other evidence.” 20 C.F.R. ' 404.1545(a)(3). The ALJ must 17 “explain how any material inconsistencies or ambiguities in the evidence in the case 18 record were considered and resolved.” SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, *7. Additionally, 19 “[i]f the RFC assessment conflicts with an opinion from a medical source, the adjudicator 20 must explain why the opinion was not adopted.” Id. 21 Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ erred by determining Plaintiff’s RFC without any 22 basis in the record. Doc. 13 at 19. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ provided his own RFC 23 and posed it in the form of a standard, habitually-used hypothetical without any 24 discussion of how the medical evidence supported it. Id. at 19-20. Defendant responds 25 that the ALJ was responsible for resolving conflicts in the evidence and the fact that he 26 disagreed with Dr. Guice’s opinion in some respects is not grounds to find his RFC in 27 error where the ALJ is required to consider all the medical evidence. Doc. 14 at 16. 28 As discussed in Section A above, the ALJ made an RFC assessment – upon which -9- 1 he based his hypothetical question to the VE – that differed in key respects from the 2 opinion of Dr. Guice, Plaintiff’s treating physician whose opinion was entitled to special 3 significance. See SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, *7 (“Medical opinions from treating 4 sources about the nature and severity of an individual’s impairment(s) are entitled to 5 special significance and may be entitled to controlling weight.”). The Court agrees with 6 Defendant that the RFC must be based on all relevant medical and other evidence and 7 that it is the ALJ’s role to resolve any conflicts. As the Court found above, however, the 8 ALJ failed to articulate any conflict with Dr. Guice’s opinion; nor did he state the basis 9 for accepting parts of her opinion and rejecting others when assessing Plaintiff’s RFC and 10 using it as a basis for determining Plaintiff’s ability to do other work. For the reasons 11 already discussed, the Court finds this to be legal error. 12 III. Remedy. 13 Having decided to vacate Defendant’s decision, the Court has the discretion to 14 remand the case for further development of the record or for an award benefits. See 15 Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 728 (9th Cir. 1998). In Smolen v. Chater, the Ninth 16 Circuit held that evidence should be credited and an action remanded for an immediate 17 award of benefits when the following three factors are satisfied: (1) the ALJ has failed to 18 provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting evidence, (2) there are no outstanding 19 issues that must be resolved before a determination of disability can be made, and (3) it is 20 clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to find the claimant disabled were 21 such evidence credited. 80 F.3d 1273, 1292 (9th Cir. 1996); see Varney v. Sec. of Health 22 & Human Servs., 859 F.2d 1396, 1400 (9th Cir. 1988) (Varney II) (“In cases where there 23 are no outstanding issues that must be resolved before a proper determination can be 24 made, and where it is clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to award 25 benefits if the claimant’s excess pain testimony were credited, we will not remand solely 26 to allow the ALJ to make specific findings regarding that testimony.”); Swenson v. 27 Sullivan, 876 F.2d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 1989) (same); Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 28 763 (9th Cir. 1989) (“In a recent case where the ALJ failed to provide clear and - 10 - 1 convincing reasons for discounting the opinion of claimant=s treating physician, we 2 accepted the physician=s uncontradicted testimony as true and awarded benefits.”) (citing 3 Winans v. Bowen, 853 F.2d 643, 647 (9th Cir. 1988)); Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 4 503 (9th Cir. 1989) (extending Varney II=s “credit as true” rule to a case with outstanding 5 issues where the claimant already had experienced a long delay and a treating doctor 6 supported the claimant=s testimony). 7 The Court has found that the ALJ failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for 8 rejecting in part the testimony of Plaintiff’s treating physician, Dr. Guice. Defendant has 9 not presented and there do not appear to be any outstanding issues to be resolved. 10 Further, the testimony of the VE in response to queries related to Dr. Guice’s assessment 11 shows that the ALJ would be required to find Plaintiff incapable of past or other full time 12 work and thus disabled if Dr. Guice’s opinion were credited as true. 13 This case presents an anomaly in which the ALJ has stated legally sufficient 14 reasons for finding not credible Plaintiff’s subjective complaints about his symptoms and 15 limitations, but has failed to articulate legally sufficient reasons for rejecting a treating 16 physician’s assessment of Plaintiff’s pain and functional limitations which appear to be 17 based on – though they do not entirely mirror – those same subjective complaints. 18 Defendant argues that it would be contrary to the Act to remand for an award of 19 benefits where the ALJ has not resolved evidentiary conflicts or determined that a 20 claimant is disabled. Doc. 14 at 25-26. Defendant cites Strauss v. Comm’r of the Soc. 21 Sec. Admin, as stating that “[a] claimant is not entitled to benefits under the statute unless 22 the claimant is, in fact, disabled, no matter how egregious the ALJ’s errors may be.” Id. 23 quoting Strauss, 635 F.3d 1135, 1138 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing Briscoe ex rel. Taylor v. 24 Barnhart, 425 F.3d 345, 357(7th Cir. 2005)). Defendant argues that if the Court reverses 25 the Commissioner’s final decision, further proceedings would be required, presumably to 26 determine whether Plaintiff is, in fact, disabled. Doc. 14 at 26. 27 Defendant’s reliance on Strauss is misplaced. Strauss did not involve procedural 28 error with respect to the ALJ’s disability determination on the merits. Rather, it involved - 11 - 1 the ALJ’s failure to develop the record as required by a prior court order. Strauss, 635 2 F.3d at 1137. Thus, the district court in Strauss did not undertake to determine whether 3 claimant was entitled to benefits under the statute, nor did it credit as true evidence that 4 the ALJ had improperly excluded. Id. at 1128. Instead, the court remanded for an award 5 of benefits based solely on the ALJ’s failure to follow the court’s prior orders. Id. It was 6 in this context that the Ninth Circuit held that the district court may not remand for a 7 payment of benefits “without the intermediate step of analyzing whether, in fact, the 8 claimant is disabled.” Id. 9 The procedural error this Court finds is precisely the error that the Ninth Circuit in 10 Strauss confirmed requires remand for an award of benefits: one in which the ALJ erred 11 in discrediting evidence and, absent any outstanding issues to be resolved, “it is clear 12 from the record that the ALJ would be required to find the claimant disabled were such 13 evidence credited.” Id. quoting Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 593 (9th Cir. 2004) 14 Defendant’s reliance on Salvador v. Sullivan, 917 F.2d 13, 15 (9th Cir. 1990), is 15 also unavailing. See Doc. 14 at 25. In that case, the Ninth Circuit found that the ALJ had 16 erred in rejecting the opinion of claimant’s treating physician “without any specific 17 reference as to why he disregarded it.” Salvador, 917 F.2d at 15. The court reversed and 18 remanded, but exercised its discretion not to require an award of benefits “because there 19 may be evidence in the record to which the ALJ can point to provide the requisite specific 20 legitimate reasons for disregarding [the physician’s] opinions.” Id. In so doing, the 21 Ninth Circuit relied on McAllister v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 603 (1989), in which it had 22 similarly remanded for further proceedings for the Secretary to determine whether the 23 record contained specific and legitimate reasons for disregarding a treating physician’s 24 testimony. 25 Secretary of Health and Human Services, 859 F.2d 1396 (9th Cir. 1988), holding that in 26 cases where there are no outstanding issues to be resolved, and where it is clear from the 27 record that the ALJ would be required to award benefits if the claimant’s testimony were 28 credited as true, the court may “not remand solely to allow the ALJ to make specific Neither of these cases cited to the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in Varney v. - 12 - 1 findings regarding that testimony.” 859 F.2d at 1400. 2 Since Varney was decided, the overwhelming authority in this Circuit makes clear 3 that the “credit as true” doctrine is mandatory. See Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 4 (9th Cir. 1995); Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1292 (9th Cir. 1996); Reddick v. 5 Charter, 157 F.3d 715, 729 (9th Cir. 1998); Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th 6 Cir. 2000); Moore v. Comm=r of Soc. Sec., 278 F.3d 920, 926 (9th Cir. 2002); McCartey 7 v. Massanari, 298 F.3d 1072, 1076-77 (9th Cir. 2002); Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 882, 8 887 (9th Cir. 2004); Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 593-95 (9th Cir. 2004); Orn v. 9 Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 640 (9th Cir. 2007); Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d. 1028, 1041 10 (9th Cir. Oct. 4, 2007) (A[W]e will not remand for further proceedings where, taking the 11 claimant=s testimony as true, the ALJ would clearly be required to award benefits[.]@) 12 (citing Varney).2 13 Applying these cases, the Court concludes that the improperly rejected testimony 14 and statements of disabling impairments by Dr. Guice should be credited as true and, 15 when they are credited as true, the case remanded for an award of benefits. 16 IT IS ORDERED: 17 1. Defendant=s decision denying benefits is reversed. 18 2. The Clerk is directed to remand the case for an award of benefits. 19 Dated this 4th day of June, 2012. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2 28 This Court disagrees with the Ninth Circuit’s credit as true doctrine. The Court is bound, nonetheless, to follow Ninth Circuit precedent. - 13 -

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