Carroll v. Colvin

Filing 17

ORDER - IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security is affirmed. The Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall terminate this case. (See document for further details). Signed by Judge Neil V Wake on 9/8/15. (LAD)

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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 Janet L. Carroll, 10 11 No. CV-14-08187-PCT-NVW Plaintiff, ORDER v. 12 13 Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner of Social Security, 14 Defendant. 15 16 Plaintiff Janet L. Carroll seeks review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) of the final 17 decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (“the Commissioner”), which denied her 18 disability insurance benefits under sections 216(i) and 223(d) of the Social Security Act. 19 Because the decision of the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) is supported by 20 substantial evidence and is not based on legal error, the Commissioner’s decision will be 21 affirmed. 22 I. BACKGROUND 23 Plaintiff was 52 years old at her alleged onset date of October 1, 2009, and 55 24 years old at the time of the ALJ hearing on January 16, 2013. She previously worked as a 25 claims clerk, telephone salesperson, secretary, and office manager. She testified that she 26 stopped working in 2009 because chronic pain and constant headaches interfered with her 27 concentration and caused her to work too slowly. Among other things, Plaintiff has 28   1 degenerative disc disease of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, which she alleges 2 causes chronic pain and severe headaches. 3 In September 2010, Plaintiff reported that she lived with her husband and was able 4 to do very light housework. In September 2011, Plaintiff reported that her hobbies 5 include knitting, crocheting, sewing, and scrapbooking. She also reported that she goes 6 to the knit shop weekly and she does 50% of the housework and meal preparation. In 7 November 2012, she reported that she lived with her husband, two children, and two 8 dogs, and her hobbies included knitting, quilting, crocheting, and scrapbooking. In 9 January 2013, Plaintiff testified that sitting for long periods of time causes her pain from 10 her tailbone to her neck and numbness in her legs, and she can stand in one place no more 11 than five minutes. She also testified that she can walk only half a block before she must 12 stop and rest. She testified that she takes pain medications but they do not alleviate all 13 the pain. 14 On July 26, 2010, Plaintiff applied for disability insurance benefits, alleging 15 disability beginning October 1, 2009. On January 16, 2013, she appeared with her 16 attorney in Needles, California, and testified at a video hearing before the ALJ located in 17 Phoenix, Arizona. A vocational expert and a board-certified orthopedic surgeon also 18 testified. On February 12, 2013, the ALJ issued a decision that Plaintiff was not disabled 19 within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s 20 request for review of the hearing decision, making the ALJ’s decision the 21 Commissioner’s final decision. On October 1, 2014, Plaintiff sought review by this 22 Court. 23 II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 24 The district court reviews only those issues raised by the party challenging the 25 ALJ’s decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The court 26 may set aside the Commissioner’s disability determination only if the determination is 27 not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 28 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, less than a -2- 1 preponderance, and relevant evidence that a reasonable person might accept as adequate 2 to support a conclusion considering the record as a whole. Id. In determining whether 3 substantial evidence supports a decision, the court must consider the record as a whole 4 and may not affirm simply by isolating a “specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Id. 5 As a general rule, “[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational 6 interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be 7 upheld.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002) (citations omitted); 8 accord Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012) (“Even when the evidence 9 is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, we must uphold the ALJ’s findings 10 if they are supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the record.”). 11 Harmless error principles apply in the Social Security Act context. Molina v. 12 Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012). An error is harmless if there remains 13 substantial evidence supporting the ALJ’s decision and the error does not affect the 14 ultimate nondisability determination. Id. The claimant usually bears the burden of 15 showing that an error is harmful. Id. at 1111. 16 III. FIVE-STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 17 To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Social Security 18 Act, the ALJ follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). The claimant bears 19 the burden of proof on the first four steps, but the burden shifts to the Commissioner at 20 step five. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). 21 At the first step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant is engaging in 22 substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not 23 disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step two, the ALJ determines whether the claimant 24 has 25 § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If not, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step 26 three, the ALJ considers whether the claimant’s impairment or combination of 27 impairments meets or medically equals an impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P 28 of 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically found to a “severe” medically determinable -3- physical or mental impairment. 1 be disabled. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. At step four, the ALJ assesses the 2 claimant’s residual functional capacity and determines whether the claimant is still 3 capable of performing past relevant work. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not 4 disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, 5 where he determines whether the claimant can perform any other work based on the 6 claimant’s residual functional capacity, age, education, and work experience. 7 § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If so, the claimant is not disabled. Id. If not, the claimant is 8 disabled. Id. 9 At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff meets the insured status requirements of 10 the Social Security Act through December 31, 2014, and that she has not engaged in 11 substantial gainful activity since October 1, 2009. At step two, the ALJ found that 12 Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: degenerative disc disease of the cervical, 13 thoracic, and lumbar spine; vocal cord dysfunction caused by allergies; and degenerative 14 arthritis. At step three, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or 15 combination of impairments that meets or medically equals an impairment listed in 20 16 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff “has 17 the residual functional capacity to perform the full range of medium work as defined in 18 20 CFR 404.1567(c).” The ALJ further found that Plaintiff is capable of performing past 19 relevant work as a claims clerk, telephone salesperson, secretary, and office manager. 20 IV. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ANALYSIS A. The ALJ Did Not Err in Weighing Medical and Other Source Opinion Evidence. 1. Legal Standard In weighing medical source opinions in Social Security cases, the Ninth Circuit distinguishes among three types of physicians: (1) treating physicians, who actually treat the claimant; (2) examining physicians, who examine but do not treat the claimant; and (3) non-examining physicians, who neither treat nor examine the claimant. Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 1995). The Commissioner must give weight to the 28 -4- 1 treating physician’s subjective judgments in addition to his clinical findings and 2 interpretation of test results. Id. at 832-33. Where a treating physician’s opinion is not 3 contradicted by another physician, it may be rejected only for “clear and convincing” 4 reasons, and where it is contradicted, it may not be rejected without “specific and 5 legitimate reasons” supported by substantial evidence in the record. Id. at 830; Orn v. 6 Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 632 (9th Cir. 2007). “Even if a treating physician’s opinion is 7 contradicted, the ALJ may not simply disregard it. The ALJ is required to consider the 8 factors set out in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6) in determining how much weight to 9 afford the treating physician’s medical opinion.” Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1161 10 (9th Cir. 2014). 11 Further, an examining physician’s opinion generally must be given greater weight 12 than that of a non-examining physician. Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. As with a treating 13 physician, there must be clear and convincing reasons for rejecting the uncontradicted 14 opinion of an examining physician, and specific and legitimate reasons, supported by 15 substantial evidence in the record, for rejecting an examining physician’s contradicted 16 opinion. Id. at 830-31. 17 The opinion of a non-examining physician is not itself substantial evidence that 18 justifies the rejection of the opinion of either a treating physician or an examining 19 physician. Id. at 831. “The opinions of non-treating or non-examining physicians may 20 also serve as substantial evidence when the opinions are consistent with independent 21 clinical findings or other evidence in the record.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 957 22 (9th Cir. 2002). 23 Factors that an ALJ may consider when evaluating any medical opinion include 24 “the amount of relevant evidence that supports the opinion and the quality of the 25 explanation provided; the consistency of the medical opinion with the record as a whole; 26 [and] the specialty of the physician providing the opinion.” Orn, 495 F.3d at 631. In 27 deciding weight to give any medical opinion, the ALJ considers not only whether the 28 source has a treating or examining relationship with the claimant, but also whether the -5- 1 treatment or examination is related to the alleged disability, the length of the relationship, 2 frequency of examination, supporting evidence provided by the source, and medical 3 specialization of the source. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). Generally, more weight is given 4 to the opinion of a specialist about medical issues related to his area of specialty than to 5 the opinion of a source who is not a specialist. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(5). 6 The ALJ may discount a physician’s opinion that is based only the claimant’s 7 subjective complaints without objective evidence. Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 8 359 F.3d 1190, 1195 (9th Cir. 2004). The opinion of any physician, including that of a 9 treating physician, need not be accepted “if that opinion is brief, conclusory, and 10 inadequately supported by clinical findings.” Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 11 F.3d 1219, 1228 (9th Cir. 2009). An ALJ may reject standardized, check-the-box forms 12 that do not contain any explanation of the bases for conclusions. Molina v. Astrue, 674 13 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012); see also Rounds v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., __ F.3d 14 __, 2015 WL 4620150 at * 6 (9th Cir. Aug. 4, 2015) (checkbox assessment alone does 15 not constitute a medical opinion). 16 Under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a), only licensed physicians, licensed or certified 17 psychologists, licensed optometrists, licensed podiatrists, and qualified speech-language 18 pathologists are considered “acceptable medical sources.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 19 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012). “Other sources” are not entitled to the same deference as 20 “acceptable medical sources.” 21 sources” if the ALJ gives reasons germane to the witness for doing so. Id. Under 20 22 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d), “other sources” include chiropractors. Information from “other 23 sources” cannot establish the existence of a medically determinable impairment, but the 24 information “may be based on special knowledge of the individual and may provide 25 insight into the severity of the impairment(s) and how it affects the individual’s ability to 26 function.” SSR 06-03p, 2006 WL 2329939. Id. The ALJ may discount testimony from “other 27 The Commissioner has final responsibility for determining whether a claimant 28 meets the statutory definition of disability, and a statement by a medical source that the -6- 1 claimant is “disabled” or “unable to work” is not controlling. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d), 2 416.927(d). 3 2. The ALJ’s Weighing of Opinion Evidence 4 The ALJ gave no weight to the opinions of treating physicians Barbara Harris- 5 Feshami, M.D., and Rebecca Bushman, D.O., and to the opinion of treating chiropractor 6 Kelly Shuffler, D.C. 7 physician Glenn R. Kunsman, D.O., regarding Plaintiff’s ability to sustain competitive 8 employment. He gave “great probative weight” to the testimony of Eric Dean Schmitter, 9 M.D., a non-examining board-certified orthopedic surgeon, who testified as an 10 independent and impartial medical expert. Plaintiff did not submit an opinion from 11 Burhan Chinikhanwala, M.D., her treating rheumatologist. He gave “persuasive” weight to the opinions of examining 12 The ALJ said he did not give any weight to Dr. Harris-Feshami’s opinions because 13 they only consider Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, there are no objective findings to 14 support her opinions, and a conclusion of disability is reserved for the Commissioner. 15 Dr. Harris-Feshami’s June 22, 2012 letter states that Plaintiff has a long history of 16 chronic pain issues due to chronic arthritis and is “maintained on high doses of narcotics 17 for her pain issues.” It also states Plaintiff “finds herself unable to work because of the 18 chronic pain she is in. The medications also affect her as well. She is pursuing disability 19 and from her condition at this point in time, she is unable to work.” Treatment notes 20 indicate that the treatment Plaintiff received from Dr. Harris-Feshami was medication 21 management. In the June 22, 2012 letter Dr. Harris-Feshami did not actually state her 22 own opinion, but rather conveyed Plaintiff’s opinion that she is unable to work. 23 The ALJ said he did not give any weight to Dr. Bushman’s December 17, 2012 24 opinions because they only consider Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and Dr. Bushman 25 did not assess any exertional limitations on Plaintiff’s ability to perform physical work- 26 related activity. Dr. Bushman responded to questions on the first page and a half of a 27 five-page Medical Source Statement, identifying Plaintiff’s symptoms and medications, 28 but did not respond to questions regarding malingering, whether Plaintiff’s pain is severe -7- 1 enough to interfere with concentration, and whether Plaintiff has any work-related 2 limitations. Where asked to identify clinical findings and objective signs, Dr. Bushman 3 wrote, “Spasming muscles in neck.” Thus, Dr. Bushman’s statement does not provide 4 much that the ALJ could have given weight to. 5 The ALJ said he gave no weight to Dr. Shuffler’s April 5, 2011 Lumbar Spine 6 Medical Source Statement, Cervical Spine Medical Statement, and Arthritis Medical 7 Source Statement and her June 21, 2010 opinion letter because a chiropractor is not an 8 “acceptable medical source” and there is no objective medical evidence to support her 9 finding that Plaintiff is unable to sustain work activity. Most of the information Dr. 10 Shuffler provided would not have been observed during chiropractic assessment and 11 treatment, and Dr. Shuffler heavily relied on positive rheumatoid arthritis blood test 12 results dated October 9, 2009, but the October 9, 2009 lab tests were negative for 13 rheumatoid arthritis. (The August 2, 2010 blood test results also were negative for 14 rheumatoid arthritis.) 15 statements for special knowledge and insight into the severity of the impairment and how 16 it affects Plaintiff’s ability to function, but the statements do not show any special 17 knowledge and insight. Under SSR 06-03p, the ALJ could consider Dr. Shuffler’s 18 The ALJ said he gave “persuasive weight” to the opinion of Dr. Kunsman, who 19 examined Plaintiff on December 1, 2010, because the opinion is fully supported by and 20 consistent with the evidence of the overall record. The ALJ described in detail much of 21 Dr. Kunsman’s eight-page report, including results of the December 1, 2010 imaging of 22 Plaintiff’s cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine showing mild degenerative disc disease 23 and mild osteoarthritis. Dr. Kunsman observed that Plaintiff was able to get on and off 24 the exam table without assistance, rise from a sitting position, and ambulate without 25 difficulty. He found full active range of motion in Plaintiff’s back and neck and normal 26 strength and sensations in Plaintiff’s extremities. 27 The ALJ gave “great probative weight” to the testimony of Dr. Schmitter, a non- 28 examining board-certified orthopedic surgeon, who testified that Plaintiff’s most recent -8- 1 X-rays of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine showed mild degenerative disc disease 2 and mild stenosis and agreed with the treating rheumatologist’s diagnosis of degenerative 3 arthritis and not rheumatoid arthritis. 4 In summary, Plaintiff’s treating physicians did not convey their own opinions, and 5 the ALJ gave clear and convincing reasons for giving no weight to their statements. 6 Plaintiff’s chiropractor’s opinions relied heavily on Plaintiff having rheumatoid arthritis, 7 but her rheumatologist said she did not have rheumatoid arthritis. The ALJ gave reasons 8 germane to the chiropractor, i.e., she was not an acceptable medical source and her 9 opinion was not supported with objective medical evidence. The only thorough 10 orthopedic examination was performed by the state agency examining physician, and all 11 of Plaintiff’s records were reviewed and summarized by the testifying orthopedic 12 surgeon. Thus, the ALJ did not err by giving “persuasive weight” and “great probative 13 weight” to the opinions of the examining and reviewing physicians. 14 B. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 The ALJ Did Not Err in Determining Plaintiff’s Residual Functional Capacity. A residual functional capacity finding involves a detailed assessment of how a claimant’s medical impairments affect his ability to work. In determining a claimant’s residual functional capacity, the ALJ “must consider all relevant evidence in the record, including, inter alia, medical records, lay evidence, and ‘the effects of all symptoms, including pain, that are reasonably attributed to a medically determinable impairment.’” Robbins v. SSA, 466 F.3d 880, 883 (9th Cir. 2006). The ALJ must consider the combined effect of multiple conditions, including those that are not severe. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(2). A plaintiff’s illnesses “must be considered in combination and must not be fragmentized in evaluating their effects.” Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 829 (9th Cir. 1995). Plaintiff contends that substantial evidence shows that Plaintiff is unable to do any work at any level, but she does not identify any substantial evidence. She refers to “a variety of symptoms that would interfere constantly with attention and concentration, the -9- 1 most persistent of which is plaintiff’s headaches, which the ALJ found to be non-severe 2 due to no objective evidence.” 3 headaches, the impairment was controlled to a reasonable degree with prescribed 4 medications, and there was no objective evidence demonstrating significant limitations 5 caused by headaches. Plaintiff does not challenge the ALJ’s credibility determination in 6 this appeal and does not identify any acceptable medical source opinion stating that 7 headaches and/or other symptoms would interfere constantly with her attention and 8 concentration. Plaintiff quotes from the ALJ’s decision regarding symptoms identified 9 by Dr. Shuffler, but Dr. Shuffler did not mention headaches among Plaintiff’s symptoms. 10 Although Dr. Shuffler opined that Plaintiff’s pain in her lower back and legs would 11 constantly interfere with concentration, as found above, the ALJ did not err in giving no 12 weight to Dr. Shuffler’s opinions. The ALJ found that Plaintiff had been treated for 13 Plaintiff also contends the ALJ erred in finding that Plaintiff has the residual 14 functional capacity to perform the full range of medium work because it was contrary to 15 the Agency’s 5/23/12 Case Analysis, recommending a sedentary residual functional 16 capacity. The 5/23/12 Case Analysis from which Plaintiff quotes states that even if 17 Plaintiff were assessed as capable of performing sedentary work, not medium work, 18 Plaintiff would still be denied benefits because her past relevant work was at the 19 sedentary level. In other words, if the ALJ erred by assessing Plaintiff capable of 20 performing medium work instead of sedentary work, the error would be harmless. Therefore, the ALJ did not err in determining Plaintiff’s residual functional 21 22 capacity. 23 24 25 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / - 10 - 1 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner of 2 Social Security is affirmed. 3 terminate this case. 4 The Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall Dated this 8th day of September, 2015. 5 6 Neil V. Wake United States District Judge 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 - 11 -

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