United States of America v. Seaman

Filing 13

ORDER the Report and Recommendation 12 is adopted as theopinion of the Court. The Motion for Summary Judgment 11 isgranted. The Court shall enter Judgment for the Government revoking and setting aside the District Courts order admitting Defendan t to UnitedStates citizenship. Defendants Certificate of Naturalization, Number31674355 dated October 23, 2008, is cancelled; Defendant shall surrender and deliver his Certificate and all other indicia of United States citizenship to the Attorney General or his designated representative. Signed by Senior Judge David C Bury on 08/06/13.(LMF)

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United States of America v. Seaman Doc. 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 DISTRICT OF ARIZONA United States of America, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) ) Alejandro Seaman (aka Alejandro ) Seaman Morales), ) ) Defendant, ) _______________________________________) CV 12-572 TUC DCB(BPV) ORDER 14 This matter was referred to Magistrate Judge Bernardo P. Velasco, on October 5, 2012. 15 Pursuant to Rules of Practice for the United States District Court, District of Arizona (Local 16 Rules), Rule (Civil) 72.1(a), he issued a Report and Recommendation (R&R) on July 9, 2013. 17 (Doc. 12: R&R.) He recommends granting summary judgment for the Plaintiff to revoke and 18 set aside Defendant’s Certificate of Naturalization because he unlawfully procured his 19 citizenship. The Court agrees with the recommendation. 20 STANDARD OF REVIEW 21 The duties of the district court, when reviewing a R&R by a Magistrate Judge, are set 22 forth in Rule 72 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). The district 23 court may “accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made 24 by the magistrate judge.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b), 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). When the parties object 25 to a R&R, “‘[a] judge of the [district] court shall make a de novo determination of those portions 26 of the [R&R] to which objection is made.’” Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 149-50 (1985) 27 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)). When no objections are filed, the district court does not need 28 to review the R&R de novo. Wang v. Masaitis, 416 F.3d 992, 1000 n. 13 (9th Cir.2005); United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121-22 (9th Cir.2003) (en banc). Dockets.Justia.com 1 The parties were sent copies of the R&R and instructed they had 14 days to file written 2 objections. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b), see also, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 72 (party objecting 3 to the recommended disposition has fourteen (14) days to file specific, written objections). To 4 date, no objection to the R&R has been filed. 5 When there are no objections and review has, therefore, been waived, the Court 6 nevertheless reviews at a minimum, de novo, the Magistrate Judge’s conclusions of law. 7 Robbins v. Carey, 481 F.3d 1143, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 8 455 (9th Cir. 1998) (conclusions of law by a magistrate judge reviewed de novo); Martinez v. 9 Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153, 1156 (9th Cir. 1991) (failure to object standing alone will not ordinarily 10 waive question of law, but is a factor in considering the propriety of finding waiver)). REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION 11 12 The Government filed the Complaint to Revoke Citizenship on July 27, 2012. The 13 Government personally served the Complaint and Summons on the Defendant. 14 Defendant failed to appear and answer the Complaint, the Government sought summary 15 judgment instead of default. As the Magistrate Judge explains, the Supreme Court “‘has long 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 When recognized the plain fact that to deprive a person of his American citizenship is an extraordinarily severe penalty.’” (R&R (Doc. 12) (quoting Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 612 (1949)). Congress did not authorize courts to automatically deprive people of their citizenship for failure to appear. Id. at 610. The Government must first offer proof of its charges sufficient to satisfy the burden imposed on it, even where the defendant has defaulted. Id at 612-13. The Magistrate Judge recommends the Court revoke Defendant’s citizenship because the evidence reflects the Defendant unlawfully procured his naturalization because he committed an unlawful act, a drug trafficking offense, which precluded him from establishing 24 he was a person of good moral character and he concealed this material fact. The Court agrees 25 with the Magistrate Judge’s findings of fact and legal conclusions. In summary, Defendant 26 27 committed a serious drug trafficking offense after his application for naturalization, but before he was naturalized. After his naturalization, he was convicted of solicitation to posses 28 -2- 1 marijuana for sale. (R&R (Doc. 12) at 2-4.) Federal courts have found drug trafficking 2 offenses to be crimes of moral turpitude. Id. at 7 (citing Padilla v. Kentucky, 130 S. Ct. 1473, 3 1479 (2010)); see also Barragan-Lopez v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 899, 905 (9th Cir. 2007) 4 (conviction for solicitation to possess at least four pounds of marijuana is crime of moral 5 turpitude for removal). The conviction establishes by clear, unequivocal and convincing 6 evidence that the Defendant committed an unlawful act that adversely reflected upon his moral 7 character during the five years before becoming naturalized. (R&R (Doc. 12) at 7.) He would, 8 therefore, have been statutorily barred, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1101(f)(8), from acquiring 9 citizenship. Id. On the date he was naturalized, he completed an immigration form, Form N- 10 445, attesting that since the date he was first interviewed for naturalization, he had not been 11 arrested, cited, charged, indicted, convicted, fined, or imprisoned for breaking or violating any 12 law or ordinance, including traffic violations. Id. at 3. This was a lie. The Magistrate Judge 13 found it was material because “‘Defendant’s arrest would have precluded him from establishing 14 the requisite good moral character for naturalization.’” Id. at 9 (citing Complaint, Rockelmann 15 Decl. ¶ III.B.) The Magistrate Judge found the Defendant willfully concealed this fact because 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 the misrepresentation was deliberately and voluntarily made on the Form N-445. Id. at 8 (citing United States v. Arango, 670 F.3d 988, 994-95 (9th Cir. 2012); Espinoza-Espinoza v. INS, 554 F.2d 921, 925 (9th Cir. 1977). The Court does not repeat, here, the entire discussion provided by Magistrate Judge Velasco in the R&R. The Court agrees that the Government has demonstrated by clear, unequivocal and convincing evidence that the Defendant illegally procured his citizenship and his naturalization through the willful misrepresentation and concealment of a material fact. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b), this Court makes a de novo determination as to those portions of the R&R to which there are objections. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) ("A judge of the court 24 shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed 25 findings and recommendations to which objection is made.") To the extent that no objection 26 27 has been made, arguments to the contrary have been waived. McCall v. Andrus, 628 F.2d 1185, 1187 (9th Cir. 1980) (failure to object to Magistrate's report waives right to do so on appeal); see 28 -3- 1 also, Advisory Committee Notes to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72 (citing Campbell v. United States Dist. 2 Court, 501 F.2d 196, 206 (9th Cir. 1974) (when no timely objection is filed, the court need only 3 satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the 4 recommendation). CONCLUSION 5 6 There being no objection to the R&R, the Court reviews, de novo, the Magistrate Judge’s 7 conclusions of law. Because this case involves a most extraordinary penalty, the deprivation 8 of citizenship, the Court has also reviewed the evidentiary record in respect to the findings of 9 fact made by the Magistrate Judge. The Court finds the R&R to be thorough and well-reasoned, 10 without any clear error in law or fact. The Court accepts and adopts the R&R as the opinion of 11 the Court. For the reasons stated in the R&R, the Court grants the Plaintiff’s Motion for 12 Summary Judgment. 13 Accordingly, 14 IT IS ORDERED that the Report and Recommendation (Doc. # 12) is adopted as the 15 opinion of the Court. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 11) is 16 17 GRANTED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall enter Judgment for the 18 19 20 Government revoking and setting aside the District Court’s order admitting Defendant to United States citizenship. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant’s Certificate of Naturalization, Number 21 22 23 31674355 dated October 23, 2008, IS CANCELLED; Defendant shall surrender and deliver his ///// ///// 24 ///// 25 ///// 26 27 ///// ///// 28 -4- 1 Certificate and all other indicia of United States citizenship to the Attorney General or his 2 designated representative. 3 DATED this 6th day of August, 2013. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -5-

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