Bell et al v. Department of Agriculture et al
Filing
8
ORDER OF DISMISSAL. Granting Defendant's 3 Motion to Dismiss. Pursuant to the judgment entered together with this Order, this action is dismissed without prejudice. Signed by Judge Susan Webber Wright on 11/5/2015. (jak)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
WESTERN DIVISION
APRIL BELL, CHETEMA LUCAS
FRANCIS, BREYLN WARD, ET AL.
Plaintiffs
V.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE, SECRETARY TOM
VILACK; JAMS-ENDISPUTE, INC.;
MICHAEL L. LEWIS & ADR
ASSOCIATES; EPIQ SYSTEMS f/k/a
POORMAN-DOUGLAS
CORPORATION
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NO: 4:15CV00335 SWW
Defendants
ORDER of DISMISSAL
On June 8, 2015, pro se plaintiffs April Bell, Chetema Lucas Francis, and Brelyn Ward
filed this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, charging that Defendants violated their constitutional
rights by denying their claims made pursuant to a consent decree.1 Before the Court is Separate
Defendant Epiq Systems’ motion to dismiss [ECF Nos. 3, 4]. The time for responding has
expired, and Plaintiffs have failed to respond.2 After careful consideration, and for reasons that
follow, the motion is granted, and this action is dismissed without prejudice.
1
In the complaint, Plaintiffs refer to themselves as “nominal plaintiffs,” and an
attachment to the complaint lists the names of additional plaintiffs. A non-attorney, pro se
litigant may not engage in the practice of law on behalf of others. See 18 U.S.C. § 1654.
2
By order entered July 9, 2015, the Court informed Plaintiffs of their obligations to
prosecute their claims diligently and to follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local
Rules of this Court. See ECF No. 5.
I.
Plaintiffs charge that Defendants deprived them of federal rights by failing to follow a
consent decree issued in Pigford v. Glickman, 185 F.R.D. 82 (D.D.C. 1999). Pigford was a
class action on behalf of thousands of African American farmers who claimed that they had been
discriminated against because of their race in connection with the USDA's administration of
farm loan programs. The Pigford litigation culminated with the entry of a consent decree that
set forth a process for resolving individual claims against the USDA. See Pigford v. Glickman ,
185 F.R.D. 82 (D.D.C. 1999).3
“By the end of the [Pigford] claims resolution process, nearly 23,000 claimants had been
found eligible to participate, and the federal government had provided more than $1 billion in
total relief to prevailing claimants.” White v. Vilsack, No. 14-0478 (PLF), 80 F. Supp. 3d 123,
125 (D.D.C. 2015). In 2008, Congress resurrected the claims of more than 60,000 Pigford
claimants who had failed to submit timely claims under the consent decree. See In re Black
Farmers Discrimination Litigation, 856 F. Supp. 2d 1, 11 (D.D.C. 2011)(citing Food,
Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–234, § 14012(b), 122 Stat. 923, 1448
(2008)). Pursuant to the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, a second class action was
instituted in the District of Columbia, In re Black Farmers Discrimination Litigation, No. 08MC-0511 (PLF) (D.D.C.), and the district court approved a settlement agreement that instituted a
second claims resolution process. See In re Black Farmers Discrimination Litigation, 856 F.
3
Any individual seeking relief under the consent decree was required to submit a claim
package to the “Facilitator,” namely the Poorman-Douglas Corporation. See Pigford v.
Glickman , 185 F.R.D. 82, 95-96 (D.D.C. 1999). If the “Facilitator” determined that an
individual claimant was a member of the plaintiff class, the claimant then had the ability to
proceed under one of two tracks for determining the merits of his or her claim. See id.
2
Supp. 2d 1, 11-12 (D.D.C. 2011).
Plaintiffs bring this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 28 U.S.C. § 1343, alleging
that they submitted claims pursuant to the original Pigford consent decree and that Defendants
denied their claims in violation of “their federal right to redress deprivation and provide equal
protection . . . and recover the damages as specified by the Consent Decree.”4
II.
Separate Defendant Epiq Systems, formerly known as Poorman-Douglas Corporation,
moves for dismissal on several grounds listed under Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure. Among other things, Epiq Systems seeks dismissal for insufficient process,
insufficient service of process,5 and lack of personal jurisdiction by reason of insufficient service
of process. Epiq Systems provides a copy of a summons, without a complaint, which Plaintiffs
delivered by certified mail to “Epiq Systems f/k/a/ Poorman-Douglas Corp., Claims Facilitator/
Administrator, P.O. Box 4028, Portland, OR 97208-4028.”6 The names of the pro se plaintiffs
do not appear on the summons, which states that an answer must be served on “Delois Bryant,”
who does not appear as a party in this case.
The Court finds that the content of the summons fails to comply with the requirements
listed under Rule 4. The summons is not signed and dated by the Clerk of Court; it does not
state the names and addresses of the pro se plaintiffs, and it does not bear Epiq’s correct name or
4
Compl. [ECF No. 1] ¶25.
5
Motions for dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(5) concern the proper
procedure for serving the summons and complaint and challenge the mode or lack of delivery of
the summons and complaint, and motions for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(4) challenge the
content of the summons.
6
ECF No. 4-1.
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identify Epiq as a corporation. Although the Court has the authority to permit the amendment of
a summons, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(a)(2), Plaintiffs have not requested such relief.
The Court further finds that Plaintiffs failed to follow the required procedure for service
of process. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h) provides that a corporation must be served
either in the manner prescribed for personal service of an individual under Rule 4(e)(1) or by
“delivering” a copy of the summons and complaint “to an officer, a managing or general agent,
or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process[.]” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 4(h). It is well settled that Rule 4(h) requires personal delivery rather than mail delivery.
See Larsen v. Mayo Med. Ctr., 218 F.3d 863, 868 (8th Cir. 2000). Furthermore, the
requirements for service of an individual under Rule 4(e)(1) requires delivering the summons
and complaint to an officer, managing or general agent, or any agent authorized by law to
receive service of summons.7 Without question, Plaintiffs’ attempt at service was ineffective.
Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m), the Court must dismiss an action without prejudice if
the named defendants are not served within 120 days after the complaint is filed. Here,
Plaintiffs have failed to effect service within 120 days of filing the complaint, they have failed to
respond to Epiq’s motion to dismiss, and they have failed to request more time to effectuate
service of process. Under these circumstances, the Court finds no reason to extend Plaintiffs'
7
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(e) provides that unless waiver of service has been
obtained, service of process must be made by personal delivery of the summons and complaint to
the party or his or her agent or made according to the law of the state where the district court is
located, in this case Arkansas. Arkansas law requires require service on a corporation to be
made by delivering the summons and complaint to an officer, managing or general agent, or any
agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of summons. See Ark. R. Civ. P.
4(d)(5). Arkansas law also requires that service of the summons and complaint must be
addressed to a natural person, specified by name.
4
time to effect service and will dismiss this action without prejudice.8
III.
For the reasons stated, Defendant’s motion to dismiss [ECF No. 3] is GRANTED.
Pursuant to the judgment entered together with this order, this action is DISMISSED WITHOUT
PREJUDICE.
IT IS SO ORDERED THIS 5TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 2015.
/s/Susan Webber Wright
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
8
Even assuming that Plaintiffs had effected timely and proper service of process, the
Court would question whether it has subject matter jurisdiction over Plaintiffs’ claims. This
Court is without jurisdiction to enforce violations of the Pigford consent decree. “The only court
that reserved jurisdiction to enforce Consent Decree violations was the District Court for the
District of Columbia.” Slaughter v. United States, 555 Fed. Appx. 927, 929 (11th Cir. 2014).
5
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