Leslie et al v. Champion Parts, Inc. et al

Filing 59

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Honorable Harry F. Barnes on August 19, 2009. (cnn)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS TEXARKANA DIVISION GENE LESLIE, et al. PLAINTIFFS

V.

CASE NO. 08-CV-4024

CHAMPION PARTS, INC., et al.
M EM O R A N DU M OPINION

DEFENDANTS

B efore the Court is a Motion to Dismiss filed by Separate Defendants Raymond G. Perelman, W . Jason Guzek, and Barry L. Katz.1 (Doc. 34). Plaintiffs have responded. (Doc. 42). Separate D efe ndants have filed a reply to Plaintiffs' response. (Doc. 44). The Court finds the matter ripe for c o n s id e r a t i o n . BACKGROUND In the weeks preceding its bankruptcy, Champion Parts, Inc. ("Champion"), provided health insurance and benefits to its employees through Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield ("Blue Cross"). The premiums were paid by a combination of employee contributions withheld from payroll and corporate funds. Champion also provided continuation coverage through Blue Cross for terminated em ployees as required by the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ("COBRA"). In Septem ber 2007, Champion failed to pay either the employer or employee portion of the Blue Cross prem ium , which caused Blue Cross to terminate coverage. On October 10, 2007, Champion filed its bankruptcy petition. On April 1, 2008, Plaintiffs filed this class action lawsuit2 against Champion and

Separate Defendant Champion Parts Inc., has also filed a Motion to Dismiss, which the C ourt will consider in a separate opinion. Plaintiffs are former employees of Champion who received health insurance benefits or C O B R A continuation coverage under Champion's group health plan with Blue Cross. The Plaintiffs purport to represent a class of all persons who "were employees of Champion Parts, Inc. in 2007 and all persons who were beneficiaries of Champion Parts, Inc.'s health care benefits program in 2007 and paid premiums for health insurance benefits in 2007 under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ... and/or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ... as amended by the
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three members of its Board of Directors, Raymond G. Perelman, W. Jason Guzek, and Barry L. Katz (the "D irectors"). Plaintiffs allege that the Directors breached fiduciary duties under the Employee R etirem ent Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") and should be held liable to pay all past and future m edical expenses for former Champion employees. The Directors argue that the proposed class cannot recover anything more than the approximate $31,000 in total employee contributions that Champion held and did not remit to Blue Cross. DISCUSSION

When deciding on a motion to dismiss, the Court must assume as true all factual allegations of the complaint. B & B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Indus., Inc., 569 F.3d 383, 387 (8th Cir. 2009). "To survive dismissal, the complaint must allege `only enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Id. (citing Bell v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S. Ct. 1955 (2007)). The Court will now address the Directors' arguments for dismissal. Plaintiffs assert three causes of action against the Directors, and each cause of action will be addressed in turn. A. Plaintiffs' First Cause of Action First, Plaintiffs assert that, pursuant to 29 U.S.C. sections 1132(a)(3) and 1132(a)(1)(B), they are entitled to payment of their medical bills that should have been covered under their health insurance and benefits program. Plaintiffs first claim involves two statute subsections, and each subsection will be discussed separately. 1. Section 1132(a)(3) Section 1132(a)(3) of ERISA authorizes a civil action by a plan participant to obtain appropriate equitable relief to redress violations of ERISA or violations of the terms of the plan or to enforce any ERISA provisions or terms of the plan. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3). "Beneficiaries of ERISA plans may sue for breaches of fiduciary duties under 29 U.S.C. [section] 1132(a)(3), but the

C onsolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act." (Plaintiff's Complaint (Doc. 1), ¶ 21). -2 -

remedies they may seek in such an action are limited by the language of the statute to traditionally available equitable remedies." Calhoon v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 400 F.3d 593, 596 (8th Cir. 2005). The Directors argue that Plaintiffs' claim pursuant to 29 U.S.C. section 1132(a)(3) should be dismissed because Plaintiffs seek compensatory relief and not appropriate equitable relief. The present case is similar to Calhoon, where the plaintiffs filed a complaint seeking reimbursement for the medical bills and costs that would have been covered by the COBRA plan had their participation not been terminated. Id. at 596. The district court noted that, because the plaintiffs were no longer members of the plan, their only avenue for relief was to pursue equitable relief under 29 U.S.C. section 1132(a)(3). The district court concluded that Plaintiffs could not recover under ERISA because the relief they sought was not appropriate equitable relief within the meaning of section 1132(a)(3). Id. The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed. Id. at 598. In Calhoon, the Court explained that monetary relief in the form of restitution may be considered equitable only if it seeks to return to the plaintiffs particular funds in the defendant's possession. Id. This form of restitution punishes the wrongdoer by taking his or her ill-gotten gains. Id. Monetary damages that are compensatory in nature are traditionally considered to be legal and not equitable relief because these damages focus on the plaintiff's losses and seek to recover money equal to the value of the harm done. To determine whether the nature of the monetary relief sought is legal or equitable, the Court should ask "whether the value of the harm done that forms the basis for the damages is measured by the loss to the plaintiff or the gain to the defendant." Id. Here, just as in Calhoon, Plaintiffs seek damages in the amount of the medical bills and costs that they accumulated when they lost their health insurance and benefits coverage. This requested monetary relief is legal in nature for the following reasons: (1) neither the Directors nor Champion benefitted from the termination of Plaintiffs' insurance coverage; (2) this relief seeks to impose personal liability on the Directors; (3) and it is measured by the loss to the Plaintiffs. Therefore,
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Plaintiffs are not entitled to these damages. However, Plaintiffs are entitled to recover any funds, retained by the Directors or other Defendants, that are identifiable as belonging to Plaintiffs. See Pichoff v. QHG of Springdale, 556 F.3d 728, 731-2 (8th Cir. 2009). The scope of potential damages is narrower3 than those asserted by Plaintiffs in their complaint; but, assuming as true all factual allegations in the complaint, Plaintiffs are entitled to some equitable relief. Thus, the motion to dismiss on this particular claim must be denied. 2. Section 1132(a)(1)(B) A participant or beneficiary of an ERISA plan is authorized by section 1132(a)(1)(B) to bring a civil action to "recover benefits due to him under the terms of the plan, to enforce his rights under the terms of the plan, or to clarify his rights to future benefits under the terms of the plan." 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). In this type of claim, the proper party defendant is the plan administrator or person controlling the administration of the plan. Layes v. Mead Corp., 132 F.3d 1246, 149-50 (8th Cir. 1998). Ordinarily, the employee benefit plan itself is the primary defendant in a section

1132(a)(1)(B) action. Ross v. Rail Car Am. Group Disability Income Plan, 285 F.3d 735, 740 (8th Cir. 2009). The Directors argue that they are not plan administrators or persons controlling the administration of the plan, and thus this claim should be dismissed against them. ERISA defines "administrator" as the person specifically designated as the administrator by the plan, or if there is no designation, the plan sponsor. 29 U.S.C. § 1002(16)(A). The plan sponsor in the present case is the employer. See 29 U.S.C. § 1002(16)(B). A copy of the instrument by which the Champion plan was operated is not before the Court. Consequently, the Court cannot

T he Court is mindful of the Supreme Court's narrow reading of equitable relief available under 29 U.S.C. section 1132(a)(3) and the Eighth Circuit's interpretation of this limited equitable relief. See Great-West Life & Annuity Ins. Co. v. Knudson, 534 U.S. 204, 122 S. Ct. 708 (2002); P ichoff v. QHG of Springdale, 556 F.3d 728 (8th Cir. 2009); Calhoon v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 400 F.3d 593 (8th Cir. 2005). -4-

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conclusively determine who the plan administrator is.4 Therefore, the Directors' argument that they are not proper defendants because they are not plan administrators is premature. The Directors also argues that, even assuming that they were plan administrators, Plaintiffs cannot recover their benefits under this claim, because an award of benefits can only be obtained from the plan itself, which no longer exists. Section 1132(a)(1)(B) provides that the following remedies are available to plaintiffs: (1) recovery of benefits due to them under the terms of the plan; (2) enforcement of their rights under the terms of the plan, or (3) clarification of their rights to future benefits under the terms of the plan. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B). Benefits due under the terms of the plan can only be obtained against the plan itself. Hall v. LHACO, Inc., 140 F.3d 1190, 1196 (8th Cir. 1998). Any injunction requiring payment of plan benefits must be directed at an entity capable of providing the relief requested. Id. Here, even if the Directors were at one point plan administrators, they are no longer associated with the plan. Moreover, the plan is bankrupt and no longer exists. Thus, the Directors can neither pay out benefits due under the plan nor be enjoined to make payments of benefits from the plan. Similarly, relief enforcing Plaintiffs' rights or clarifying their future benefits under the plan cannot be had against the Directors. Accordingly, Plaintiffs' claim under 29 U.S.C. section 1132(a)(1)(B) must be dismissed. B. Plaintiffs' Second Cause of Action In their second cause of action, Plaintiffs' seek relief under 29 U.S.C. §§ 1132(a)(2) and 1109(a), which authorizes actions for relief against fiduciaries and provides that a breaching fiduciary "shall be personally liable to make good to such plan any losses to the plan resulting from each such breach." Any relief sought under this subsection is limited to recovery of losses suffered by the plan. Id. The Directors argue that this claim should be dismissed because Plaintiffs seek

B ecause the plan document is not before the Court, it cannot determine if the plan specifically designates an administrator. -5 -

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individual relief and not relief on behalf of the plan. The Court does not agree. In their complaint, Plaintiffs ask for "restitution of all damages suffered by the [p]lan" in addition to their individual remedies. Thus, Plaintiffs are seeking relief on behalf of the plan; and, assuming all factual allegations in the complaint as true, the Directors, if found to be breaching fiduciaries, are responsible for any losses to the plan resulting from any such breaches. This leads the Court to the Directors' next argument, which is that they had no fiduciary responsibility to forward Champion's portion of the health care premium to Blue Cross. In Bjorkedal, the plaintiffs argued that a corporate director and officer became a fiduciary when he failed to ensure that both employer and employee contributions were paid to the plan. Trustees of the Graphic Communications Int's Union Upper Midwest Local 1M Health and Welfare Plan v. Bjorkedal, 516 F.3d 719, 732 (8th Cir. 2008). The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals held that unpaid employer contributions are not plan assets for the purpose of establishing whether an officer allegedly exercising discretionary authority over funds had a fiduciary duty to the plan. Id. The Court determined that, in Bjorkedal, the officer was not personally liable for unpaid employer contributions because he was not making a fiduciary decision and was not wearing a "fiduciary duty hat" when he failed to make the payments. Id. The officer was not wearing a "fiduciary duty hat" because he was managing assets of the business, not of the plan. Id.; In re M & S Grading, Inc., 541 F.3d 859, 865 (8th Cir. 2008). When an employer is obligated to make payments to an ERISA plan and fails to do so, the unpaid contributions do not become assets of the plan. In re M & S Granding, Inc., 541 F.3d at 865. Thus, "`[a] corporate officer facing limited cash flow' can `choose [ ] to pay corporate obligations in lieu of employer contributions to an ERISA plan' without breaching a fiduciary duty to the plan because corporate assets are not assets of the plan." Id. (quoting Bjorkedal, 516 F.3d at 732). In

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other words, "fiduciary duties attach only when the officer is managing assets of the plan, as opposed to assets of the corporation." Id. at 864. Here, Plaintiffs allege that the Directors breached their fiduciary duties when they directed that a list be prepared of company expenses and a decision was made not to pay the Blue Cross premium but to pay other expenses on the list. However, the Directors, just as the officer and director in Bjorkedal, had no fiduciary responsibility to forward Champion's portion of the premium to Blue Cross. With Champion facing bankruptcy and an obvious limited cash flow, the Directors' decision not to pay Champion's portion of the premium was a corporate decision not a fiduciary decision concerning any plan assets. Thus, the portion of Plaintiffs' second cause of action that seeks anything other than recovery of the unpaid employee contributions, which were plan assets, should be dismissed. C. Plaintiff's Third Cause of Action In their third cause of action, Plaintiffs allege that the Directors "failed in their duties to notify the beneficiaries of a qualifying event under 29 U.S.C. section 1163, namely that Defendants would not secure COBRA coverage with premiums they had collected from Plaintiff and Class Members." (Plaintiff's Complaint (Doc. 1), ¶ 39). In other words, Plaintiffs have alleged that the Directors breached their notification duties. The plan administrator is required to notify all beneficiaries of certain qualifying events that give rise to COBRA obligations. 29 U.S.C. § 1166(a).

In the complaint, Plaintiffs allege that the qualifying event was the intent not to pay premiums for COBRA coverage. However, this is not a qualifying event under 29 U.S.C. section 1163. In their response to the Directors' Motion to Dismiss, Plaintiffs allege that the qualifying event was the bankruptcy or termination of employment. An employer's commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding under Title 11 is a qualifying event for retirees, 29 U.S.C. § 1163(6), and
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the termination of an employee is also a qualifying event, 29 U.S.C. § 1163(2). However, this is not what Plaintiffs alleged in their Complaint. The allegation in the complaint is not plausible on its face. Therefore, Plaintiffs' third cause of action fails as a matter of law and must be dismissed. CONCLUSION Upon consideration, the Court finds that the Directors' Motion to Dismiss should be and hereby is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART. An order of even date, consistent with this opinion, shall issue. IT IS SO ORDERED, this 19th day of August, 2009.

/s/ Harry F. Barnes Hon. Harry F. Barnes United States District Judge

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