Graves v. Social Security Administration Commissioner
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Honorable Barry A. Bryant on July 28, 2011. (dmc)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
HOT SPRINGS DIVISION
JOHNNY GRAVES
vs.
PLAINTIFF
Civil No. 6:10-cv-06050
MICHAEL J. ASTRUE
Commissioner, Social Security Administration
DEFENDANT
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Johnny Graves (“Plaintiff”) brings this action pursuant to § 205(g) of Title II of the Social
Security Act (“The Act”), 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (2010), seeking judicial review of a final decision of
the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“SSA”) denying his applications for
Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”), Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”), and a period of
disability under Titles II and XVI of the Act. The parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a
magistrate judge to conduct any and all proceedings in this case, including conducting the trial,
ordering the entry of a final judgment, and conducting all post-judgment proceedings. ECF No. 5.1
Pursuant to this authority, the Court issues this memorandum opinion and orders the entry of a final
judgment in this matter.
1. Background:
Plaintiff filed his disability applications on May 22, 2008. (Tr. 9, 75-84). In his applications,
Plaintiff alleged he was disabled due to major depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
agoraphobia, and panic attacks. (Tr. 101). Plaintiff alleged an onset date of May 1, 2008. (Tr. 9, 75,
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The docket numbers for this case are referenced by the designation “ECF No. ____” The transcript pages
for this case are referenced by the designation “Tr.”
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78). These applications were denied initially and again on reconsideration. (Tr. 39-42).
Thereafter, Plaintiff requested an administrative hearing on his applications, and this hearing
request was granted. (Tr. 18-38, 58-59). An administrative hearing was held on June 26, 2009 in Hot
Springs, Arkansas. (Tr. 18-38). Plaintiff was present and was represented by counsel, Charles
Padgham, at this hearing. Id. Plaintiff, Vocational Expert (“VE”) Grant Sales, and a witness for
Plaintiff testified at this hearing. Id. On the date of this hearing, Plaintiff was forty-two (42) years
old,which is defined as a “younger person” under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(c) (2008), and had obtained
a high school diploma, a Certified Nurse’s Aide (“CNA”) license, and a Licensed Practical Nurse
(“LPN”) license. (Tr. 21).
On October 22, 2009, the ALJ entered an unfavorable decision denying Plaintiff’s disability
applications. (Tr. 9-17). In this decision, the ALJ determined Plaintiff met the insured status
requirements of the Act through December 31, 2012. (Tr. 11, Finding 1). The ALJ determined
Plaintiff had not engaged in Substantial Gainful Activity (“SGA”) since his alleged onset date of May
1, 2008. (Tr. 11, Finding 2). The ALJ determined Plaintiff had the following severe impairments:
depression with psychotic features and alcohol dependence. (Tr. 11, Finding 3). The ALJ, however,
also determined Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments listed in, or
medically equal to one listed in Appendix 1, Subpart P, Regulations No. 4 (“Listings”). (Tr. 11-12,
Finding 4).
In this decision, the ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and determined his RFC.
(Tr. 12-15). First, the ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and found his claimed
limitations were not entirely credible. Id. Second, the ALJ determined, based upon his review of
Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, the hearing testimony, and the evidence in the record, that Plaintiff
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retained the RFC to perform the following:
After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds the claimant has
residual functional capacity to perform a full range of work at all exertional levels but
with the following nonexertional limitations: interpersonal contact is incidental to the
work performed; tasks are no more complex than those learned by experience and may
involve several variables; use judgment within normal limits; and little supervision
is needed for routine tasks with detailed supervision required for non-routine tasks.
Id.
The ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s Past Relevant Work (“PRW”). (Tr. 15, Finding 6). The VE
testified at the administrative hearing regarding this issue, and based that testimony, the ALJ
determined Plaintiff’s PRW included work as a CNA (semiskilled, medium), LPN (skilled, medium),
and cashier/stocker (unskilled, light). Id. Based upon his RFC and the VE’s testimony, the ALJ then
determined Plaintiff would not be able to perform this PRW. Id.
The ALJ then determined whether Plaintiff would be able to perform other work existing in
significant numbers in the national economy, considering his age, education, RFC, and work
experience. (Tr. 16, Finding 10). The ALJ based this determination upon the testimony of the VE.
Id. Specifically, the VE testified that a hypothetical individual with Plaintiff’s limitations retained
the capacity to perform representative occupations such as (1) cleaner with 1,100 such jobs in central
Arkansas, 7,600 such jobs in Arkansas, and 459,000 such jobs in the nation; and (2) hand packager
with 7,000 such jobs in Arkansas and 700,000 such jobs in the nation. Id. The ALJ then determined
Plaintiff had not been under a disability, as defined by the Act, from May 1, 2008 through the date
of his decision or through October 22, 2009. (Tr. 16, Finding 11).
Thereafter, Plaintiff requested that the Appeals Council review the ALJ’s unfavorable
decision. (Tr. 5). See 20 C.F.R. § 404.968. On June 10, 2010, the Appeals Council declined to
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review the ALJ’s unfavorable disability determination. (Tr. 1-3). On July 1, 2010, Plaintiff filed the
present appeal. ECF No. 1. The Parties consented to the jurisdiction of this Court on July 15, 2010.
ECF No. 5. Both Parties have filed appeal briefs. ECF Nos. 7-8. This case is now ready for decision.
2. Applicable Law:
In reviewing this case, this Court is required to determine whether the Commissioner’s
findings are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)
(2006); Ramirez v. Barnhart, 292 F.3d 576, 583 (8th Cir. 2002). Substantial evidence is less than
a preponderance of the evidence, but it is enough that a reasonable mind would find it adequate to
support the Commissioner’s decision. See Johnson v. Apfel, 240 F.3d 1145, 1147 (8th Cir. 2001).
As long as there is substantial evidence in the record that supports the Commissioner’s decision, the
Court may not reverse it simply because substantial evidence exists in the record that would have
supported a contrary outcome or because the Court would have decided the case differently. See
Haley v. Massanari, 258 F.3d 742, 747 (8th Cir. 2001). If, after reviewing the record, it is possible
to draw two inconsistent positions from the evidence and one of those positions represents the
findings of the ALJ, the decision of the ALJ must be affirmed. See Young v. Apfel, 221 F.3d 1065,
1068 (8th Cir. 2000).
It is well established that a claimant for Social Security disability benefits has the burden of
proving his or her disability by establishing a physical or mental disability that lasted at least one year
and that prevents him or her from engaging in any substantial gainful activity. See Cox v. Apfel, 160
F.3d 1203, 1206 (8th Cir. 1998); 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). The Act defines a
“physical or mental impairment” as “an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or
psychological abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory
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diagnostic techniques.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(3), 1382c(a)(3)(D). A plaintiff must show that his or
her disability, not simply his or her impairment, has lasted for at least twelve consecutive months.
See 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A).
To determine whether the adult claimant suffers from a disability, the Commissioner uses the
familiar five-step sequential evaluation. He determines: (1) whether the claimant is presently engaged
in a “substantial gainful activity”; (2) whether the claimant has a severe impairment that significantly
limits the claimant’s physical or mental ability to perform basic work activities; (3) whether the
claimant has an impairment that meets or equals a presumptively disabling impairment listed in the
regulations (if so, the claimant is disabled without regard to age, education, and work experience);
(4) whether the claimant has the Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) to perform his or her past
relevant work; and (5) if the claimant cannot perform the past work, the burden shifts to the
Commissioner to prove that there are other jobs in the national economy that the claimant can
perform. See Cox, 160 F.3d at 1206; 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)-(f). The fact finder only considers
the plaintiff’s age, education, and work experience in light of his or her RFC if the final stage of this
analysis is reached. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920 (2003).
3. Discussion:
In his appeal brief, Plaintiff argues his case must be reversed and remanded. ECF No. 7 at 26. Specifically, Plaintiff raises one point on appeal: whether the ALJ properly evaluated his
subjective complaints.2 Id. In response, Defendant argues the ALJ’s disability determination is
supported by substantial evidence in the record, and the ALJ properly evaluated the credibility of his
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Although Plaintiff has three separate argument headers, all of Plaintiff’s claims relate to this one issue.
ECF No. 7.
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subjective complaints. This Court will address Plaintiff’s argument for reversal.
Plaintiff claims the ALJ improperly evaluated his subjective complaints of disabling
limitations due to his alleged mental and physical impairments. ECF No. 7. In assessing the
credibility of a claimant, the ALJ is required to examine and to apply the five factors from Polaski
v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1320 (8th Cir. 1984) or from 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529 and 20 C.F.R. § 416.929.3
See Shultz v. Astrue, 479 F.3d 979, 983 (2007). The factors to consider are as follows: (1) the
claimant’s daily activities; (2) the duration, frequency, and intensity of the pain or limitation; (3) the
precipitating and aggravating factors; (4) the dosage, effectiveness, and side effects of medication;
and (5) the functional restrictions. See Polaski, 739 at 1322. The factors must be analyzed and
considered in light of the claimant’s subjective complaints. See id.
The ALJ is not required to methodically discuss each factor as long as the ALJ acknowledges
and examines these factors prior to discounting the claimant’s subjective complaints. See Lowe v.
Apfel, 226 F.3d 969, 971-72 (8th Cir. 2000). As long as the ALJ properly applies these five factors
and gives several valid reasons for finding that the Plaintiff’s subjective complaints are not entirely
credible, the ALJ’s credibility determination is entitled to deference. See id.; Cox v. Barnhart, 471
F.3d 902, 907 (8th Cir. 2006). The ALJ, however, cannot discount Plaintiff’s subjective complaints
“solely because the objective medical evidence does not fully support them [the subjective
complaints].” Polaski, 739 F.2d at 1322.
When discounting a claimant’s complaint, the ALJ must make a specific credibility
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Social Security Regulations 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529 and 20 C.F.R. § 416.929 require the analysis of two
additional factors: (1) “treatment, other than medication, you receive or have received for relief of your pain or other
symptoms” and (2) “any measures you use or have used to relieve your pain or symptoms (e.g., lying flat on your
back, standing for 15 to 20 minutes every hour, sleeping on a board, etc.).” However, under Polaski and its progeny,
the Eighth Circuit has not yet required the analysis of these additional factors. See Shultz v. Astrue, 479 F.3d 979,
983 (2007). Thus, this Court will not require the analysis of these additional factors in this case.
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determination, articulating the reasons for discrediting the testimony, addressing any inconsistencies,
and discussing the Polaski factors. See Baker v. Apfel, 159 F.3d 1140, 1144 (8th Cir. 1998). The
inability to work without some pain or discomfort or limitation is not a sufficient reason to find a
Plaintiff disabled within the strict definition of the Act. The issue is not the existence of pain or the
limitation, but whether the pain or limitation a Plaintiff experiences precludes the performance of
substantial gainful activity. See Thomas v. Sullivan, 928 F.2d 255, 259 (8th Cir. 1991).
In the present action, the ALJ fully complied with the requirements of Polaski. Specifically,
the ALJ made the following findings when he discounted Plaintiff’s subjective complaints: (1) there
was no evidence any health care provider had restricted claimant from performing all work activity;
(2) although he alleged not leaving his house often, Plaintiff traveled to Florida for vacation and
acknowledged shopping and driving; (3) although his mother testified that he had no problem
drinking, counseling notes dated June 17, 2008 reveal Plaintiff acknowledged binge drinking once
every two weeks; and (4) Plaintiff acknowledged performing a wide range of daily activities,
including shopping, driving, laundering clothes, washing dishes, playing games, fishing, and caring
for a sick neighbor. (Tr. 15). Accordingly, because the ALJ’s credibility determination was
supported by “good reasons,” it should be affirmed. See Gregg v. Barnhart, 354 F.3d 710, 714 (8th
Cir. 2003) (holding that “[i]f an ALJ explicitly discredits the claimant’s testimony and gives good
reasons for doing so, we will normally defer to the ALJ’s credibility determination”) (citation
omitted).
Further, it should be noted that while Plaintiff claims his medical records fully support his
subjective allegations, Plaintiff has not referenced any specific medical records supporting his alleged
disability. ECF No. 7 at 1-6. Plaintiff bears the burden of proving his disability. See Teague v.
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Astrue, 638 F.3d 611, 615 (8th Cir. 2011). Clearly, by providing no support for his claims, Plaintiff
has not met that burden.
Further, this Court has independently reviewed the transcript and the medical records in this
case. Based upon that review, this Court finds Plaintiff’s medical records do not fully support his
subjective complaints. Indeed, on June 6, 2008, Plaintiff’s treating nurse at Community Counseling
Services wrote a letter on Plaintiff’s behalf indicating he could return to work. (Tr. 319). It appears
Plaintiff disregarded that letter and decided to not return to work. Id. Instead, Plaintiff decided to
apply for disability. Id. Plaintiff’s ability to return to work is also supported by the findings of Dr.
Charles M. Spellmann, Ph.D., who performed a consultative examination. (Tr. 366-367). Dr.
Spellman found Plaintiff could perform essentially normal activities, including driving a vehicle,
shopping independently, handling his own finances, and participating in social groups. (Tr. 366-369).
Dr. Spellman also noted that Plaintiff had “no motivation to go back to work.” Id. This finding
indicates Plaintiff’s failure to return to work was not due to a disability. Thus, based upon this
Court’s review of the medical records, the ALJ’s decision to disregard Plaintiff’s subjective
complaints was supported by substantial evidence in the record.
4. Conclusion:
Based on the foregoing, the undersigned finds that the decision of the ALJ, denying benefits
to Plaintiff, is supported by substantial evidence and should be affirmed. A judgment incorporating
these findings will be entered pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 52 and 58.
ENTERED this 28th day of July, 2011.
/s/ Barry A. Bryant
HON. BARRY A. BRYANT
U.S. MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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