Jerome L Grimes v. Superior Court of California et al

Filing 3

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by Magistrate Judge David T. Bristow. Accordingly, on or before December 22, 2014, petitioner is ordered to show cause in writing, if any he has, why this action should not be summarily dismissed without prejudice pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts for failure to exhaust state remedies. (dc)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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JEROME L. GRIMES,

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vs.

SUPERIOR COURT OF
CALIFORNIA, ET AL,

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Respondents.

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Petitioner,

) Case No. CV 14-8770-GHK (DTB)
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) ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE
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On November 12, 2014, petitioner filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus

18 herein. The Petition purports to be directed to petitioner’s 2010 “conviction of
19 driving on a suspended license” (Petition at 6) in the Los Angeles County Superior
20 Court, Case No. OMB03323. It appears to the Court that petitioner purports to raise
21 a single ground for relief.
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Under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b), habeas relief may not be granted unless petitioner

23 has exhausted the remedies available in the courts of the State.1 Exhaustion requires
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The habeas statute now explicitly provides that a habeas petition brought
26 by a person in state custody “shall not be granted unless it appears that - (A) the
applicant has exhausted the remedies available in the courts of the State; or (B)(i)
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there is an absence of available State corrective process; or (ii) circumstances exist
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(continued...)
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1 that the prisoner’s contentions be fairly presented to the state courts and be disposed
2 of on the merits by the highest court of the state. See James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 24
3 (9th Cir. 1994); Carothers v. Rhay, 594 F.2d 225, 228 (9th Cir. 1979). Moreover, a
4 claim has not been fairly presented unless the prisoner has described in the state court
5 proceedings both the operative facts and the federal legal theory on which his claim
6 is based. See Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365-66, 115 S. Ct. 887, 130 L. Ed. 2d
7 865 (1995); Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 275-78, 92 S. Ct. 509, 30 L. Ed. 2d 438
8 (1971); Johnson v. Zenon, 88 F.3d 828, 830 (9th Cir. 1996).
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As a matter of comity, a federal court will not entertain a habeas corpus petition

10 unless the petitioner has exhausted the available state judicial remedies on every
11 ground presented in the petition. See Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518-22, 102 S.
12 Ct. 1198, 71 L. Ed. 2d 179 (1982). Petitioner has the burden of demonstrating that
13 he has exhausted available state remedies. See, e.g., Brown v. Cuyler, 669 F.2d 155,
14 158 (3d Cir. 1982). However, the Ninth Circuit has held that, for purposes of
15 exhaustion, pro se petitions are held to a more lenient standard than counseled
16 petitions. See Sanders v. Ryder, 342 F.3d 991, 999 (9th Cir. 2003); Peterson v.
17 Lampert, 319 F.3d 1153, 1159 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc). The Ninth Circuit also has
18 held that a federal court may raise the failure to exhaust issue sua sponte and may
19 summarily dismiss on that ground. See Stone v. San Francisco, 968 F.2d 850, 856
20 (9th Cir. 1992); Cartwright v. Cupp, 650 F.2d 1103, 1104 (9th Cir. 1982) (per
21 curiam); see also Granberry v. Greer, 481 U.S. 129, 134-35, 107 S. Ct. 1671, 95 L.
22 Ed. 2d 119 (1987).
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(...continued)
that render such process ineffective to protect the rights of the applicant.” 28 U.S.C.
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Here, it appears from the face of the Petition that petitioner did not exhaust his

2 available state remedies with respect to his sole ground for relief prior to filing the
3 Petition herein, as petitioner did not list any California Supreme Court filings in the
4 Petition. Further, according to the California Appellate Courts website,2 while
5 petitioner has filed more than 10 habeas petitions with the California Supreme Court,
6 none of petitioner’s California Supreme Court habeas petitions reference the
7 underlying criminal action which is the subject of the Petition.
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In his Declaration in support of the Petition, petitioner indicates that the

9 California Court of Appeal dismissed his state habeas petition on the grounds “that
10 jurisdiction lies in the Federal, not State court system.” (Attachment 1 to Petition.)
11 Moreover, attached to the Petition is a copy of the California Court of Appeal’s Order
12 of Dismissal of petitioner’s state habeas petition stating the same (Attachment 3 to
13 Petition, Exhibit 2). However, notwithstanding the dismissal by the California Court
14 of Appeal, petitioner has not shown that he has exhausted the claim(s) in the Petition
15 in the California Supreme Court.
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If it were clear that the California Supreme Court would hold that petitioner’s

17 unexhausted claims directed to the 2010 conviction were procedurally barred under
18 state law, then the exhaustion requirement would be satisfied.3 See Castille v.
19 Peoples, 489 U.S. 346, 351-52, 109 S. Ct. 1056, 103 L. Ed. 2d 380 (1989); Johnson,
20 88 F.3d at 831; Jennison v. Goldsmith, 940 F.2d 1308, 1312 (9th Cir. 1991).
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http://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov

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In that event, although the exhaustion impediment to consideration of
petitioner’s claims on their merits would be removed, federal habeas review of the
claims would still be barred unless petitioner could demonstrate “cause” for the
default and “actual prejudice” as a result of the alleged violation of federal law, or
demonstrate that failure to consider the claims would result in a “fundamental
miscarriage of justice.” See Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 750, 111 S. Ct.
2546, 115 L. Ed. 2d 640 (1991).
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1 However, it is not “clear” here that the California Supreme Court will hold that
2 petitioner’s unexhausted claims directed to the 2011 conviction are procedurally
3 barred under state law. See, e.g., In re Harris, 5 Cal. 4th 813, 825, 21 Cal. Rptr. 2d
4 373, 855 P.2d 391 (1993) (granting habeas relief where petitioner claiming
5 sentencing error, even though the alleged sentencing error could have been raised on
6 direct appeal); People v. Sorensen, 111 Cal. App. 2d 404, 405, 244 P.2d 734 (1952)
7 (noting that claims that fundamental constitutional rights have been violated may be
8 raised by state habeas petition). The Court therefore concludes that this is not an
9 appropriate case for invocation of either “exception” cited above to the requirement
10 that a petitioner’s federal claims must first be fairly presented to and disposed of on
11 the merits by the state’s highest court.
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Further, the Court notes that this is not an appropriate case for invocation of

13 the stay-and-abeyance procedure authorized by Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269, 27714 78, 125 S. Ct. 1528, 161 L. Ed. 2d 440 (2005), or the stay-and-abeyance procedure
15 authorized by Calderon v. United States Dist. Court (Taylor), 134 F.3d 981, 987-88
16 (9th Cir. 1998) and Kelly v. Small, 315 F.3d 1063, 1070 (9th Cir. 2004), overruled
17 on other grounds by Robbins v. Carey, 481 F.3d 1143, 1149 (9th Cir. 2007). The
18 Rhines procedure applies to mixed petitions, and the Kelly procedure applies to fully
19 exhausted petitions. See King v. Ryan, 564 F.3d 1133, 1139-40 (9th Cir. 2009). The
20 Petition herein is neither; rather, it constitutes a petition containing solely
21 unexhausted claims. The Ninth Circuit has held in a post-Rhines decision that the
22 stay-and-abeyance procedure does not apply to petitions containing solely
23 unexhausted claims. See Rasberry v. Garcia, 448 F.3d 1150, 1154 (9th Cir. 2006).
24 A petition containing solely unexhausted claims must be dismissed. See Jiminez v.
25 Rice, 276 F.3d 478, 481 (9th Cir. 2001).
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Accordingly, on or before December 22, 2014, petitioner is ordered to show

2 cause in writing, if any he has, why this action should not be summarily dismissed
3 without prejudice pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in
4 the United States District Courts for failure to exhaust state remedies.
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6 DATED: November 24, 2014
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DAVID T. BRISTOW
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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