Joshua Cuevas v. Martha Barajas et al

Filing 10

MINUTE (IN CHAMBERS) Order to Show Cause Re Supplemental Jurisdiction by Judge Josephine L. Staton: Plaintiff is ORDERED to show cause, in writing, no later than ten (10) days from the date of this Order, why the Court should not decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiffs Unruh Act claim and other state-law claims. (jp)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES – GENERAL
Case No. 2:24-cv-07926-JLS-SK
Title: Joshua Cuevas v. Martha Barajas, et al.

Date: September 26, 2024

Present: HONORABLE JOSEPHINE L. STATON, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Kelly Davis
Deputy Clerk
ATTORNEYS PRESENT FOR PLAINTIFF:
Not Present

N/A
Court Reporter
ATTORNEYS PRESENT FOR DEFENDANT:
Not Present

PROCEEDINGS: (IN CHAMBERS) ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE RE
SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION
The Complaint filed in this action asserts a claim for injunctive relief arising out of
an alleged violation of the federal Americans with Disabilities Act and a claim for
damages pursuant to California’s Unruh Act and other state-law claims. Accordingly, the
Court ORDERS Plaintiff to show cause why the Court should not decline to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Unruh Act claim and other state-law claims.
See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c).
“In 2012, in an attempt to deter baseless claims and vexatious litigation, California
adopted heightened pleading requirements for disability discrimination lawsuits under the
Unruh Act.” Velez v. Il Fornaio (America) Corp., CV 3:18-1840 CAB (MDD), 2018 WL
6446169, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 10, 2018). These heightened pleading requirements apply
to actions alleging a “construction-related accessibility claim,” which California law
defines as “any civil claim in a civil action with respect to a place of public
accommodation, including but not limited to, a claim brought under Section 51, 54, 54.1,
or 55, based wholly or in part on an alleged violation of any construction-related
accessibility standard.” Cal. Civ. Code § 55.52(a)(1).
Moreover, California imposes additional limitations on “high-frequency litigants,”
defined as:
A plaintiff who has filed 10 or more complaints alleging a constructionrelated accessibility violation within the 12-month period immediately
preceding the filing of the current complaint alleging a construction-related
accessibility violation.
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____________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES – GENERAL
Case No. 2:24-cv-07926-JLS-SK
Title: Joshua Cuevas v. Martha Barajas, et al.

Date: September 26, 2024

Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.55(b)(1). The definition of “high-frequency litigant” also
extends to attorneys. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.55(b)(2). “High frequency
litigants” are subject to a special filing fee and further heightened pleading requirements.
See Cal. Gov. Code § 70616.5; Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.50(a)(4)(A).
By enacting restrictions on the filing of construction-related accessibility claims,
California has expressed a desire to limit the financial burdens California’s businesses
may face for claims for statutory damages under the Unruh Act. Plaintiffs who file these
actions in federal court evade these limits and pursue state law damages in a manner
inconsistent with the state law’s requirements.
In an action over which a district court possesses original jurisdiction, that court
“shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in
the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or
controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution.” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a).
Even if supplemental jurisdiction exists, however, district courts have discretion to
decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c). Such discretion may
be exercised “[d]epending on a host of factors” including “the circumstances of the
particular case, the nature of the state law claims, the character of the governing state law,
and the relationship between the state and federal claims.” City of Chicago v. Int’l Coll.
of Surgeons, 522 U.S. 156, 173 (1997).
Accordingly, Plaintiff is ORDERED to show cause, in writing, no later than
ten (10) days from the date of this Order, why the Court should not decline to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Unruh Act claim and other state-law claims. In
so responding, Plaintiff is further ORDERED to:
(1) identify the amount of statutory damages Plaintiff seeks to recover; and
(2) provide declarations from Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s counsel, signed under
penalty of perjury, providing all facts necessary for the Court to determine if
each is a “high-frequency litigant.”
Failure to respond may, without further warning, result in dismissal of the entire
action without prejudice. Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) (stating that dismissal is warranted “[i]f
the plaintiff fails to … comply with … a court order”); see Link v. Wabash R. Co., 370
U.S. 626, 629-33 (1962) (holding that while Rule 41(b) explicitly authorizes motions to
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____________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES – GENERAL
Case No. 2:24-cv-07926-JLS-SK
Title: Joshua Cuevas v. Martha Barajas, et al.

Date: September 26, 2024

dismiss by defendants, it also permits the district court to dismiss sua sponte); see also
Hells Canyon Pres. Council v. U.S. Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005).
Further, an inadequate response will result in the Court declining to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Unruh Act claim and other state-law claims and
the dismissal of those claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c).
Initials of Deputy Clerk: kd

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