Deidre Conkling v. Carolyn W. Colvin

Filing 21

MEMORANDUM AND OPINION AND ORDER by Magistrate Judge Karen L. Stevenson. Plaintiff filed a Complaint on June 24, 2016, seeking review of the denial of her applications for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits ("DIB" ;). (Dkt. No. 1.) 1 The ALJ failed to provide a specific, clear, and convincing reason supported by substantial evidence for discounting any portion of Plaintiff's statements and testimony. On remand, the ALJ must either credit Plaintif f's statements or identify which portions of those statements she finds not credible and provide specific, clear, and convincing reasons supported by substantial evidence in the record for that finding. IT IS ORDERED that the decision o f the Commissioner is REVERSED, and this case is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this Memorandum Opinion and Order. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall serve copies of this Memorandum Opinion and Order and the Judgment on counsel for plaintiff and for defendant. (SEE ORDER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION) (gr)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

9
10

) NO. SACV 16-1178-KS
)
)
) MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
)
NANCY A. BERRYHILL,1 Acting
)
Commissioner of Social Security,
)
)
Defendant.
_________________________________ )
DEIDRE CONKLING,
Plaintiff,
v.

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

INTRODUCTION

19
20

Plaintiff filed a Complaint on June 24, 2016, seeking review of the denial of her

21

applications for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits (“DIB”). (Dkt. No.

22

1.) On April 6, 2017, the parties filed a Joint Stipulation (“Joint Stip.”) (Dkt. No. 16) in

23

which plaintiff seeks an order reversing the Commissioner’s decision and either ordering the

24

payment of benefits or remanding the matter for further administrative proceedings (Joint

25

Stip. at 32). The Commissioner requests that the ALJ’s decision be affirmed. (See id. at 32-

26
27
28

1

The Court notes that Nancy A. Berryhill is now the Acting Commissioner of the Social Security Administration.
Accordingly, pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the Court orders that the caption be amended
to substitute Nancy A. Berryhill for Carolyn Colvin as the defendant in this action.

1

1

34.) On August 9, 2017, the parties consented, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), to proceed

2

before the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge. (Dkt. Nos. 9, 19, 20.) The Court

3

has taken the matter under submission without oral argument.

4
SUMMARY OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS

5
6
7

On November 27, 2012, Plaintiff, who was born on September 17, 1961, protectively

8

filed an application for DIB.2 (See Joint Stip. at 2; Administrative Record (“AR”) 21, 94,

9

202.) Plaintiff alleged disability commencing September 23, 2010, due to: degenerative

10

disc disease; fibromyalgia; Hashimoto’s Disease; carpal tunnel syndrome; sleep apnea;

11

osteoarthritis; high blood pressure; PTSD; chronic ear infection; and depression. (AR 236.)

12

Plaintiff previously worked in the following occupations: director of business at a health

13

care facility (DOT 187.117-010); and community outreach worker (DOT 079.117-014).

14

(AR 33.) The Commissioner denied Plaintiff’s application initially and on reconsideration.

15

(AR 94, 113.) On December 10, 2013, Plaintiff requested a hearing. (AR 129-30.) On

16

October 22, 2014, Administrative Law Judge Sharilyn Hopson (“ALJ”) held a hearing. (AR

17

42.) Plaintiff, who was represented by counsel, Robert Thompson, M.D., the medical expert

18

(“ME”) and board certified orthopedic surgeon, and David Rinehart, the vocational expert

19

(“VE”), testified at the hearing. (AR 42-73.) On January 8, 2015, the ALJ issued an

20

unfavorable decision, denying Plaintiff’s application for DIB. (AR 21-34.) On April 27,

21

2016, the Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review. (AR 1-7.)

22
23

SUMMARY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION

24
25

The ALJ found that Plaintiff met the insured status requirements of the Social Security

26

Act through December 31, 2014 and had not engaged in substantial gainful activity after the

27
2

28

Plaintiff was 49 years old on the alleged onset date and thus met the agency’s definition of a younger individual.
See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563(c).

2

1

alleged onset date of September 23, 2010. (AR 23.) The ALJ further found that Plaintiff

2

had the following severe impairments: osteoarthritis of the left and right hand; carpal tunnel

3

syndrome; mild disc bulge of the cervical spine with central canal mild narrowing; mild disc

4

osteophyte complex; facet degenerative changes and unconvertebral joint hypertrophic

5

changes resulting in mild foraminal narrowing; degenerative osteoarthritis of the thoracic

6

spine; fibromyalgia; degenerative disc disease/osteoarthritis of the hips and hands; thoracic

7

disc protrusion; lumbar disc bulges with foraminal narrowing; osteoarthritis of the feet;

8

obesity; genital and urinary problems; Hashimoto’s disease; sleep apnea; and gout. (AR 23-

9

24.) The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments of depression and

10

anxiety were not “severe” because they did not cause more than minimal limitation in

11

Plaintiff’s ability to perform basic mental work activities. (AR 24.) The ALJ concluded that

12

Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that met or medically

13

equaled the severity of any impairments listed in 20 C.F.R. part 404, subpart P, appendix 1

14

(20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 404.1526). (Id. 25.)

15

Plaintiff had the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform:

The ALJ determined that

16
17

a range of sedentary/light work . . . except: she can lift and/or carry ten pounds

18

occasionally or frequently; she can stand and/or walk for four hours and sit for

19

six hours during an eight-hour workday with the ability to stand and stretch for

20

one to three minutes per hour every hour; she can occasionally use her hands,

21

including for reaching, handling, and bilateral fingering; can occasionally use

22

foot pedals; can occasionally climb stairs; cannot climb ladders, ropes, or

23

scaffolds; can stoop occasionally; cannot kneel, crouch, or crawl; can

24

occasionally work at unprotected heights; can occasionally work around moving

25

and dangerous machinery; must avoid dust, fumes, and other pulmonary

26

irritants; and can have only occasional exposure to extreme heat or cold.

27
28

(AR 25-26.)

3

1

The ALJ found that Plaintiff was able to perform her past relevant work as a director

2

of business (DOT 187.117-010) as that occupation is generally/normally performed. (AR

3

33.) Accordingly, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff had not been under a disability, as

4

defined in the Social Security Act, from the alleged onset through the date of the ALJ’s

5

decision. (Id. 33.)

6
7

STANDARD OF REVIEW

8
9

Under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), this Court reviews the Commissioner’s decision to

10

determine whether it is free from legal error and supported by substantial evidence in the

11

record as a whole. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). “Substantial evidence

12

is ‘more than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance; it is such relevant evidence as a

13

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Gutierrez v. Comm’r

14

of Soc. Sec., 740 F.3d 519, 522-23 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal citations omitted). “Even when

15

the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, we must uphold the

16

ALJ’s findings if they are supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the

17

record.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir. 2012).

18
19

Although this Court cannot substitute its discretion for the Commissioner’s, the Court

20

nonetheless must review the record as a whole, “weighing both the evidence that supports

21

and the evidence that detracts from the [Commissioner’s] conclusion.” Lingenfelter v.

22

Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted);

23

Desrosiers v. Sec’y of Health and Hum. Servs., 846 F.2d 573, 576 (9th Cir. 1988). “The ALJ

24

is responsible for determining credibility, resolving conflicts in medical testimony, and for

25

resolving ambiguities.” Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 1995).

26
27

The Court will uphold the Commissioner’s decision when the evidence is susceptible

28

to more than one rational interpretation. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir.

4

1

2005). However, the Court may review only the reasons stated by the ALJ in his decision

2

“and may not affirm the ALJ on a ground upon which he did not rely.” Orn, 495 F.3d at

3

630; see also Connett v. Barnhart, 340 F.3d 871, 874 (9th Cir. 2003). The Court will not

4

reverse the Commissioner’s decision if it is based on harmless error, which exists if the error

5

is “‘inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination,’ or if despite the legal error,

6

‘the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.’” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487,

7

492 (9th Cir. 2015) (internal citations omitted).

8
DISCUSSION

9
10
11

Plaintiff alleges the following errors: (1) the ALJ improperly assessed the medical

12

evidence; (2) the ALJ improperly assessed the credibility of Plaintiff’s statements about her

13

symptoms; and (3) the ALJ’s assessment of Plaintiff’s RFC is not supported by substantial

14

evidence. (Joint Stip. at 4.) Plaintiff also suggests that the ALJ erred by failing to find that

15

Plaintiff’s depression constituted a severe impairment. (See Joint Stip. at 8.)

16
17

I.

The ALJ’s Assessment of the Medical Evidence.

18
19

The crux of Plaintiff’s first argument is that the ALJ substituted her own non-medical

20

judgment for that of the multiple health care professionals who assessed more restrictive

21

functional limitations than those adopted by the ALJ. (See Joint Stip. at 15.) Plaintiff names

22

approximately ten medical and vocational professionals whom, she believes, offered

23

opinions that the ALJ improperly evaluated.

24

reviewed all 1,379 pages of the Administrative Record, including each of the ten opinions at

25

issue and any supporting treating notes, as well as the ALJ’s decision. Based on that review,

26

the Court finds that the ALJ improperly assessed three medical opinions: the opinions of

27

two examining physicians, Drs. Bleecker and Halbridge; and, perhaps most significantly, the

28

5

(See Joint Stip. at 7-8.)

The Court has

1

opinion of the medical expert, Dr. Thompson. The Court’s findings are discussed in greater

2

detail below.

3
4

A. Applicable Law

5
6

“The ALJ is responsible for translating and incorporating clinical findings into a

7

succinct RFC.” Rounds v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 807 F.3d 996, 1006 (9th Cir. 2015). In

8

doing so, the ALJ must articulate a “substantive basis” for rejecting a medical opinion or

9

crediting one medical opinion over another. Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1012 (9th

10

Cir. 2014); see also Marsh v. Colvin, 792 F.3d 1170, 1172-73 (9th Cir. 2015) (“an ALJ

11

cannot in its decision totally ignore a treating doctor and his or her notes, without even

12

mentioning them”). An ALJ may not render her own medical opinion or substitute her own

13

diagnosis for that of a physician. See Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1102-03 (9th Cir.

14

1999) (ALJ erred in rejecting physicians’ opinions and finding greater residual functional

15

capacity based on claimant’s testimony that he took a road trip); Day v. Weinberger, 522

16

F.2d 1154, 1156 (9th Cir. 1975) (an ALJ is forbidden from making his or her own medical

17

assessment beyond that demonstrated by the record).

18
19

Generally, the medical opinion of a claimant’s treating physician is given “controlling

20

weight” so long as it “is well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory

21

diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in [the

22

claimant’s] case record.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2); Trevizo v. Berryhill, 862 F.3d 987,

23

997 (9th Cir. 2017). When a treating physician’s opinion is not controlling, it is weighted

24

according to factors such as the length of the treatment relationship and the frequency of

25

examination, the nature and extent of the treatment relationship, supportability, consistency

26

with the record, and specialization of the physician.

27

Trevizo, 862 F.3d at 997. These same factors guide the ALJ’s evaluation of the opinion of

28

other medical sources. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e)(2)(ii).

6

20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6);

1

Ultimately, “[t]o reject the uncontradicted opinion of a treating or examining doctor,

2

an ALJ must state clear and convincing reasons that are supported by substantial evidence.”

3

Trevizo, 862 F.3d at 997 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); Ghanim v. Colvin,

4

763 F.3d 1154, 1160-61 (9th Cir. 2014). “If a treating or examining doctor’s opinion is

5

contradicted by another doctor’s opinion, an ALJ may only reject it by providing specific

6

and legitimate reasons that are supported by substantial evidence.” Trevizo, 862 F.3d at 997.

7

“The ALJ can meet this burden by setting out a detailed and thorough summary of the facts

8

and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his interpretation thereof, and making findings.”

9

Id. (quoting Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989)).

10
11

B. ALJ’s Assessment of the Examining Physicians’ Opinions

12
13

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in her assessment of the following examining

14

physicians’ opinions: the opinion of Dr. Bleecker, the examining orthopedist (Joint Stip. at

15

4) (citing AR 31); and, inter alia, the opinion of Dr. Halbridge, an examining orthopedic

16

surgeon (Joint Stip. at 7) (citing AR 29, 30, 640). The Court agrees.

17
18

1. Dr. Bleecker

19
20

H. Harlan Bleecker, M.D., a board certified orthopedic surgeon, examined Plaintiff on

21

June 27, 2013 in connection with Plaintiff’s claim for benefits. (AR 758.) Dr. Bleecker

22

observed that Plaintiff could “barely” walk on her tiptoes and heels. (AR 759.) She

23

exhibited a restricted range of motion in her neck and back, slightly restricted flexion in her

24

knees “due to the obesity of [Plaintiff’s] thighs,” and restricted dorsal flexion in her ankles.

25

(AR 760-61.) The range of motion in her shoulders, elbows, wrists, and fingers were within

26

normal limits. (AR 760.) Plaintiff exhibited decreased sensation to light touch in her thumb,

27

index, and middle fingers. (AR 761.) There was a positive Phalen’s test and a positive

28

Tinel’s sign bilaterally. (AR 761.) Based on Plaintiff’s physical examination and Dr.

7

1

Bleecker’s review of Plaintiff’s medical records, Dr. Bleecker opined that Plaintiff: could sit

2

six hours in an eight hour workday; could stand and walk for six hours in an eight hour

3

workday; could not kneel, squat, or climb; would have difficulty walking on uneven ground;

4

could lift 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently; and could only occasionally

5

reach at or above the level of the shoulder joint with either upper extremity. (AR 762.)

6
7

The ALJ found that Dr. Bleecker’s opinion was “largely consistent with the medical

8

evidence” but “as subsequently obtained evidence suggests [Plaintiff’s] ability to lift, sit and

9

stand are somewhat more limited than previously determined, his opinion is found to

10

somewhat overstate [Plaintiff’s] abilities and cannot be given great weight.” (AR 31.) The

11

ALJ found that Plaintiff could only stand and/or walk for four hours in an eight hour

12

workday, could occasionally reach, could not kneel or crouch, and could occasionally climb

13

stairs but could not climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds. (AR 25.)

14
15

Neither the ALJ’s discussion of Dr. Bleecker’s opinion nor her assessment of

16

Plaintiff’s RFC addressed Dr. Bleecker’s opinion that Plaintiff would have difficulty

17

walking on uneven ground. (See generally AR 25, 31.) Instead, the ALJ discounted

18

portions of Dr. Bleecker’s opinion for overstating Plaintiff’s limitations, while ignoring the

19

portion of his opinion that assessed a limitation more restrictive than those adopted by the

20

ALJ. The ALJ must articulate a “substantive basis” for rejecting a medical opinion or

21

crediting one medical opinion over another. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1012. Thus, “an ALJ errs

22

when [s]he rejects a medical opinion or assigns it little weight while doing nothing more

23

than ignoring it, asserting without explanation that another medical opinion is more

24

persuasive, or criticizing it with boilerplate language that fails to offer a substantive basis for

25

his conclusion.” Id. at 1012-13. Because the ALJ ignored Dr. Bleecker’s opinion that

26

Plaintiff would have difficulty walking on uneven surfaces, the ALJ erred and the Court

27

cannot say on this record that it was harmless. The matter must therefore be remanded for

28

further consideration of Dr. Bleecker’s opinion.

8

2. Dr. Halbridge

1
2
3

On June 19, 2012, Neil J. Halbridge, M.D., orthopedic surgeon, prepared an

4

Independent Medical Evaluation of Plaintiff (AR 633-43), and on August 6, 2012, he

5

prepared a supplement to that evaluation (AR 644-47). In those examinations, Dr. Halbridge

6

elicited Plaintiff’s history of her conditions as well as her account of her activities of daily

7

living. Plaintiff stated that she is independent in bathing, dressing, grooming, oral care,

8

toileting, walking, cooking, and, inter alia, climbing stairs. (AR 635.) She stated that she

9

can perform housework, do laundry, drive, and shop independently but sometimes needs

10

assistance with these activities. (AR 635.) She also stated that sometimes she is unable to

11

drive. (AR 635.) Dr. Halbridge conducted a physical examination of Plaintiff as well.

12

Plaintiff tested negative for Phalen’s Sign and Tinel’s Sign. (AR 636.) Plaintiff’s sensation

13

was intact. (AR 637.) Plaintiff’s straight leg raises were positive for low back pain. (AR

14

637.)

15
16

Dr. Halbridge made extensive recommendations regarding Plaintiff’s medical care.

17

For her cervical spine, he recommended medications and physical therapy with cervical

18

traction and, potentially, a home cervical traction unit. (AR 639.) He suggested that she

19

would be a candidate for surgery – namely an anterior cervical discectomy and instrumented

20

fusion.

21

treatment, and possible surgery – lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion – for

22

Plaintiff’s lumbar spine.

23

Plaintiff’s cervical or lumbar spine because she suffered a lumbar epidural abscess following

24

a prior lumbar epidural steroid injection.

25

recommended medications, a wrist brace, and right carpal tunnel release surgery for

26

Plaintiff’s carpal tunnel syndrome.

(AR 639.)

He also recommended medications, physical therapy, chiropractic

(AR 639.)

Dr. Halbridge did not recommend injections for

(AR 639, 640.)

27
28

9

Finally, Dr. Halbridge

1

With regards to Plaintiff’s functional limitations, Dr. Halbridge opined that Plaintiff is

2

“certainly unable to perform the driving that was required by her prior occupation,” is

3

“precluded from driving while on her gabapentin, Ativan, and Wellbutrin,” and, further,

4

even while not on those medications, “is precluded from driving more than 20 minutes at a

5

time and no more than a total of one hour per day.” (AR 640.) Dr. Halbridge also found that

6

Plaintiff is unable to perform: prolonged upward or downward gazing; pushing, pulling, or

7

lifting weights greater than ten pounds; precluded from bending, stooping, or lifting; and

8

repetitive typing or computer keyboard work or writing greater than 20 minutes at a time and

9

more than a total of one hour per day. (AR 640.)

10
11

Plaintiff provided Dr. Halbridge with additional information about her medical history

12

at second examination on August 6, 2012 and Dr. Halbridge conducted an additional

13

physical examination. (AR 644-47.) However, Dr. Halbridge did not revise either his initial

14

treatment recommendations or his assessment of Plaintiff’s functional limitations based on

15

this new information. (See generally id.)

16
17

The ALJ found that Dr. Halbridge’s opinion that Plaintiff could not push, pull, or lift

18

more than ten pounds and his opinion that Plaintiff could not use her hands repetitively were

19

reasonably supported by the record and thus entitled to significant weight.

20

However, she also found that there was “insufficient evidence to support [Dr. Halbridge’s]

21

contention that [Plaintiff] cannot drive, cannot gaze upward or downward for any prolonged

22

period of time, and cannot bend, stoop, or lift at all, and, as such, these aspects of his opinion

23

are given little weight.” (AR 30.) The ALJ mischaracterizes a portion of Dr. Halbridge’s

24

opinion. He did not opine, as the ALJ suggests, that Plaintiff is wholly unable to drive.

25

Instead, he stated that Plaintiff could not drive as much as was required by her former job,

26

could not drive while on gabapentin, Ativan, and Wellbutrin, and more generally was

27

“precluded from driving more than 20 minutes at a time and no more than a total of one hour

28

per day.” (Compare AR 30 with AR 640.) As stated above, the ALJ errs when she rejects a

10

(AR 30.)

1

medical opinion or assigns it little weight while simply ignoring it. Garrison, 759 F.3d at

2

1012-13. Further, the ALJ was plainly aware of Dr. Halbridge’s assessment that Plaintiff

3

could not drive more than 20 minutes at a time and no more than an hour a day because, at

4

the administrative hearing, she posed a hypothetical question to the VE involving this

5

precise limitation. (AR 69.) There was also ample evidence in the record to support some

6

limitation on Plaintiff’s capacity to drive, including Plaintiff’s statements (AR 254) and the

7

opinion of Dr. Standiford Helm, II, Plaintiff’s treating anesthesiologist, who stated that side

8

effects from Plaintiff’s medications would interfere with her ability to drive (AR 596).

9

Because the ALJ ignored Dr. Halbridge’s opinion that Plaintiff could not drive while on her

10

medications and could never drive more than 20 minutes at a time and an hour in a day, the

11

ALJ erred and the Court cannot say on this record that it was harmless. The matter must

12

therefore be remanded for further consideration of Dr. Halbridge’s opinion.

13
14

C. ALJ’s Assessment of the Medical Expert’s Opinion

15
16

Plaintiff also challenges the ALJ’s evaluation of the opinion of Robert Thompson,

17

M.D., a board certified orthopedic surgeon who testified as the medical expert at the

18

administrative hearing.

19

personally examined Plaintiff but had reviewed the medical record. (AR 49.) After listing

20

Plaintiff’s numerous medical diagnoses (AR 50-52), a list that takes up two full pages of the

21

administrative hearing transcript, he provided the following opinion concerning Plaintiff’s

22

residual functional capacity:

(Joint Stip. at 4.)

Dr. Thompson testified that he had never

23
24

Under lifting and carrying up to ten pounds occasionally and nothing higher.

25

Under sitting, standing, and walking at one time a maximum of one hour and in

26

an eight-hour day a maximum of four hours . . . Under the use of the hands,

27

functioning hands on both sides will be restricted to only occasional use that’s

28

reaching overhead, reaching all others, handling, fingering, feeling, and simply

11

1

occasional only. The same with the uses of heat, stairs, and ramps – occasional.

2

Ladders or scaffolds never. Balance unrestricted. Stooping occasional and no

3

kneeling, crouching, or crawling or is not evaluated . . . Under environmental

4

limitations, only occasional exposure to unprotected heights, moving

5

mechanical parts, never exposure to dust, fumes, pulmonary irritants and only

6

occasional extreme cold and extreme heat based mostly upon the work of the

7

issues.

8
9

(AR 53.)

10
11

Dr. Thompson added, “I’m not certain the individual could walk at a reasonable pace

12

on rough or uneven surfaces or blocks. I think that’s questionable.” (AR 53-54.) He also

13

added that he would restrict Plaintiff’s ability to drive to “occasional” (AR 54), and he

14

agreed with Dr. Halbridge’s assessment that Plaintiff would be limited to typing in

15

increments of 20 minutes at a time with at least five minute intervals between for rest (AR

16

55-56).

17
18

The ALJ stated that she found Dr. Thompson’s opinion to be “generally well-

19

supported by objective findings and consistent with the evidence of record and therefore

20

entitled to greater weight than the opinions of [two of Plaintiff’s treating physicians].” (AR

21

32.) However, the ALJ stated that she found “insufficient evidence to fully support all

22

aspects of [his] assessment.” (AR 33.) Based on this vague rejection of some unspecified

23

portions of Dr. Thompson’s opinion, the ALJ made the following assessment of Plaintiff’s

24

RFC:

25
26

she can lift and/or carry ten pounds occasionally or frequently; she can stand

27

and/or walk for four hours and sit for six hours during an eight-hour workday

28

with the ability to stand and stretch for one to three minutes per hour every

12

1

hour; she can occasionally use her hands, including for reaching, handling, and

2

bilateral fingering; can occasionally use foot pedals; can occasionally climb

3

stairs; cannot climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; can stoop occasionally; cannot

4

kneel, crouch, or crawl; can occasionally work at unprotected heights; can

5

occasionally work around moving and dangerous machinery; must avoid dust,

6

fumes, and other pulmonary irritants; and can have only occasional exposure to

7

extreme heat or cold.

8
9

(AR 25-26.)

10
11

A comparison of the ALJ’s assessment of Plaintiff’s RFC with Dr. Thompson’s

12

reveals that, despite her comment that she was according Dr. Thompson’s opinion “great

13

weight,” the ALJ in fact adopted very few of Dr. Thompson’s assessed restrictions. For

14

example, the ALJ rejected Dr. Thompson’s opinion that Plaintiff could lift ten pounds only

15

occasionally – instead finding that Plaintiff could lift and/or carry ten pounds frequently.

16

(Compare AR 53 with AR 25.) The ALJ also rejected Dr. Thompson’s opinion that Plaintiff

17

was limited to sitting, as well as standing and walking, to a maximum of four hours in a day

18

– finding instead that Plaintiff was able to sit for a total of six hours in an eight-hour

19

workday. (Compare AR 53 with AR 25.) The ALJ discounted Dr. Thompson’s opinion that

20

Plaintiff was limited to only “occasional” driving and to typing in increments of 20 minutes

21

at a time with at least five minute intervals between for rest. (Compare AR 54, 55-56 with

22

AR 25-26.) Finally, the ALJ made no findings regarding Plaintiff’s ability to walk on rough

23

or uneven surfaces, despite Dr. Thompson’s opinion that it was “questionable” that Plaintiff

24

could walk on rough or uneven surfaces “at a reasonable pace.” (Compare AR 53-54 with

25

AR 25-26.)

26
27
28

In sum, the ALJ discounted a significant portion if not the majority of Dr. Thompson’s
opinion, despite stating that she was according it great weight.

13

The ALJ’s failure to

1

acknowledge that she was in fact discounting the above portions of the medical expert’s

2

opinion and to proffer a single specific reason for doing so3 constitutes legal error

3

necessitating remand. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1012-13 (“an ALJ errs when [s]he rejects a

4

medical opinion or assigns it little weight while doing nothing more than . . . asserting

5

without explanation that another medical opinion is more persuasive, or criticizing it with

6

boilerplate language that fails to offer a substantive basis for his conclusion”). Accordingly,

7

the matter must be remanded for further consideration of Dr. Thompson’s opinion. If the

8

ALJ again decides to discount all of the above portions of Dr. Thompson’s opinion, she must

9

articulate specific and legitimate reasons for doing so, each of which must be supported by
substantial evidence in the record.

10
11

II.

12

The ALJ’s Assessment of the Credibility of Plaintiff’s Statements.

13
14

A. Plaintiff’s Statements

15
16

Plaintiff next contends that the ALJ erred in her evaluation of the credibility of

17

Plaintiff’s statements about her symptoms and functional limitations. Plaintiff completed an

18

Adult Function Report on May 8, 2013 in which she provided the following information.

19

Her daily activities consist of waking her son, helping to dress him, preparing his breakfast,

20

and taking him to school. (AR 250, 251.) She also helps bathe her son. (AR 251.) Then

21

she relaxes during the day, eating as needed, and lying down or napping for about 90

22

minutes in the afternoon. (AR 250.) She picks her son up from school between 3:00 and

23

4:00 pm. (AR 250.) Her boyfriend prepares dinner. (AR 250.) Plaintiff helps wash dishes.

24

(AR 251.) She takes care of her two dogs and cats: letting them in and out of the house as

25

needed; cleaning the litter box; and providing food and water. (AR 251.) Plaintiff has

26

difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep due to racing thoughts, pain, numbness in her

27
3

28

Instead, the ALJ stated only that that there was “insufficient evidence to fully support all aspects of [Dr.
Thompson’s] assessment.” (AR 33.)

14

1

hands, and a headache. (AR 251.) She uses a CPAP machine at night. (AR 251.) Because

2

of her impairments, Plaintiff sits down while getting dressed, avoids standing and bending

3

for longer periods, and experiences difficulty putting on her pants, socks, and shoes. (AR

4

251.) She prepares simple meals – “sandwiches and microwaveable meals” – on a daily

5

basis, which takes her about 6-15 minutes. (AR 252-53.) Her boyfriend prepares the

6

majority of meals. (AR 253.) She has difficulty getting items out of cabinets and lifting and

7

carrying heavier pots and pans in the kitchen. (AR 253.) She washes dishes and tidies the

8

house on a daily basis and does the laundry, which requires “a full evening with breaks,”

9

twice a week. (AR 253.) Her boyfriend also assists her with cleaning the house. (AR 253.)

10

Every two weeks she spends about thirty minutes shopping for groceries and household

11

items. (AR 254.) Plaintiff states that she is able to drive but avoids driving when on pain

12

medications, has trouble getting in and out of a vehicle, and prefers to only travel in the car

13

for short distances. (AR 254.) She also indicates that she has trouble turning and twisting to

14

check for traffic and using her left foot to make sudden breaks. (AR 254.) She states that

15

she does not go anywhere socially on a regular basis. (AR 256.) Plaintiff indicates that she

16

has difficulty standing for more than 10 minutes at a time (AR 256), can walk for about 10-

17

15 minutes before needing to rest (AR 257), has trouble sitting for long periods due to

18

swelling, pain, and numbness (AR 257), and, inter alia, avoids typing on a computer due to

19

pain in her hands and fingers and experiences trouble gripping and grasping items (AR 257).

20

Finally, Plaintiff states that she experiences drowsiness and grogginess as side effects from

21

her medications. (AR 259.)

22
23

At the October 22, 2014 administrative hearing, Plaintiff testified that she lost her

24

prior job because she was laid off, although she did not think she would have been able to

25

continue working full time due to her impairments. (AR 45-46.) Plaintiff then signed up for

26

unemployment and, pursuant to that, applied to full time jobs similar to her previous one –

27

even though she did not think she would be physically able to perform the jobs to which she

28

applied. (AR 46-47.) Plaintiff testified that she was able to drive but had problems driving:

15

1

“my feet swell to a huge size and it’s uncomfortable for me. I have pain in both feet and my

2

knees hurt. My back hurts. My shoulders hurt. My arms hurt. My clavicle when I wear the

3

seatbelt hurts and sometimes I have vision issues.” (AR 47-48.) Plaintiff testified that she is

4

able to use the computer but can only work on it for a few minutes at a time. (AR 57.) She

5

testified that, when seated at the computer, she suffers pain in in her neck, low back, knees,

6

and feet, and her hands go numb. (AR 57.) She testified that she can sit for about 30

7

minutes at a time and stand and/or walk for about 15 minutes at time. (AR 58.) She testified

8

that even lying down can become uncomfortable due to numbness so she needs to change

9

positions.

(AR 60.)

She testified she has problems with anxiety, forgetfulness, and

10

depression. (AR 60, 62.) She also has problems sleeping due to sleep apnea and physical

11

pain. (AR 61.)

12
13

B. Applicable Law

14
15

An ALJ must make two findings before determining that a claimant’s pain or symptom

16

testimony is not credible. Treichler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 775 F.3d 1090, 1102 (9th Cir.

17

2014). “First, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant has presented objective medical

18

evidence of an underlying impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the

19

pain or other symptoms alleged.” Id. (quoting Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036). “Second, if

20

the claimant has produced that evidence, and the ALJ has not determined that the claimant is

21

malingering, the ALJ must provide specific, clear and convincing reasons for rejecting the

22

claimant’s testimony regarding the severity of the claimant’s symptoms” and those reasons

23

must be supported by substantial evidence in the record. Id.; see also Marsh v. Colvin, 792

24

F.3d 1170, 1174 n.2 (9th Cir. 2015); Carmickle v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 533 F.3d 1155, 1161

25

(9th Cir. 2008) (court must determine “whether the ALJ’s adverse credibility finding . . . is

26

supported by substantial evidence under the clear and convincing standard”).

27
28

16

1

In weighing a plaintiff’s credibility, the ALJ may consider many factors, including:

2

“(1) ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation, such as the claimant’s reputation for lying,

3

prior inconsistent statements concerning the symptoms, and other testimony . . . that appears

4

less than candid; (2) unexplained or inadequately explained failure to seek treatment or to

5

follow a prescribed course of treatment; and (3) the claimant’s daily activities.” Tommasetti

6

v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2008). However, “subjective pain testimony cannot

7

be rejected on the sole ground that it is not fully corroborated by objective medical

8

evidence.” Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001) (emphasis added)

9

(citation omitted).

10
11

The ALJ must also “specifically identify the testimony [from the claimant that] she or

12

he finds not to be credible and . . . explain what evidence undermines the testimony.”

13

Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1102 (quoting Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1208 (9th Cir.

14

2001)).

15

Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998)).

“General findings are insufficient.”

Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 493 (quoting

16
17

C. Discussion

18
19

The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably

20

be expected to cause some of her alleged symptoms but that her statements concerning the

21

intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of those symptoms are not entirely credible “for

22

the reasons explained in this decision and are not sufficiently supported to warrant the

23

establishment of any limitations beyond those set forth above [in the ALJ’s assessment of

24

Plaintiff’s RFC].” (AR 27.) The reasons provided by the ALJ for discrediting Plaintiff’s

25

testimony are the following: (1) the objective findings of the psychiatric evaluation and

26

orthopedic evaluation that were performed in June 2013; (2) Plaintiff’s allegations “are

27

somewhat inconsistent” and she “acknowledged being able to engage in a fairly wide range

28

of activities;” (3) Plaintiff made inconsistent statements to her physical therapist about her

17

1

ability to perform some activities; (4) Plaintiff received unemployment benefits for an

2

unspecified period of time following her September 2010 layoff; and (5) Plaintiff missed

3

several physical therapy appointments due to scheduling conflicts. (AR 27-28.) Defendant

4

also urges the Court to consider two notations by Plaintiff’s treatment professionals as

5

evidence of malingering or “symptom embellishment.” (See Joint Stip. at 25.) The Court

6

considers each of these rationales in turn and finds that none of them constitute a specific,

7

clear and convincing reason supported by substantial evidence for discrediting Plaintiff’s

8

statements or affirming the ALJ’s adverse credibility determination.

9
10

1. Objective Findings of June 2013 Evaluations

11
12

The ALJ’s first reason for discrediting Plaintiff’s statements, or some portion thereof,

13

is the objective findings of the psychiatric evaluation and orthopedic evaluation that were

14

performed in June 2013. (AR 27.) However, the ALJ did not specifically identify the

15

testimony from Plaintiff that she found inconsistent with these objective findings or explain

16

how these findings undermined any part of Plaintiff’s statements. See Treichler, 775 F.3d at

17

1102 (the ALJ must also “specifically identify the testimony [from the claimant that] she or

18

he finds not to be credible and . . . explain what evidence undermines the testimony”).

19

Further, as stated above, “subjective pain testimony cannot be rejected on the sole ground

20

that it is not fully corroborated by objective medical evidence.” Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857.

21

Accordingly, neither of the two June 2013 evaluations are specific, legally sufficient reasons

22

for discrediting Plaintiff’s statements.

23
24

2. Possible Inconsistencies Internally and with Plaintiff’s Daily Activities

25
26

The ALJ also observed that Plaintiff’s allegations “are somewhat inconsistent” and

27

that “while she has asserted being quite incapacitated, she has also acknowledged being able

28

to engage in a fairly wide range of activities.” (AR 28.) With respect to the ALJ’s first

18

1

statement, to the extent that the ALJ is suggesting that some portions of Plaintiff’s

2

statements are internally inconsistent, she identifies no specific allegations that are less

3

credible than others because they are contradictory.

4

Accordingly, this is not a specific, legally sufficient reason for discrediting any portion of

5

Plaintiff’s statements.

See Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1102.

6
7

With respect to the ALJ’s second statement – that Plaintiff engages in “a fairly wide

8

range of activities,” an ALJ may rely on a plaintiff’s daily activities to support an adverse

9

credibility determination only when those activities either: “contradict [the plaintiff’s] other

10

testimony”; or “meet the threshold for transferable work skills” – that is, where the plaintiff

11

“is able to spend a substantial part of his or her day performing household chores or other

12

activities that are transferable to a work setting.” Orn, 495 F.3d at 639; Smolen v. Chater, 80

13

F.3d 1273, 1284 n. 7 (9th Cir. 1996).

14

following:

The ALJ identifies Plaintiff’s activities as the

15
16

She is able to take care of her special needs son, including waking him up in the

17

morning, preparing meals for him, and taking him to and from school. She has

18

also indicated she does some household chores, such as washing dishes, doing

19

the laundry, and straightening up the house. She takes care of two dogs and two

20

cats, goes outside almost every day, can drive and travel by herself, can shop for

21

groceries and household items, and can handle her finances.

22

watching television, spending time with her boyfriend, spending time with her

23

son, visiting with friends and family, and talking on the phone with a friend.

She enjoys

24
25

(AR 28.)

26
27

The ALJ’s suggestion that these activities, as reported by Plaintiff, contradict her

28

subjective complaints regarding the extent to which she is incapacitated is not supported by

19

1

substantial evidence in the record. Plaintiff’s ability to wake up her son, prepare simple

2

meals for him such as sandwiches and microwave meals (see AR 252-53), and drive him a

3

short distance to and from school is not inconsistent with her subjective complaints.

4

Similarly, the fact that she washes dishes once a day and “tidies” the house daily is not

5

inconsistent with her subjective complaints.

6

although she can do laundry, it requires “a full evening with breaks.” (AR 253.) Similarly,

7

although Plaintiff is responsible for two cats and two dogs, they require minimal care. She

8

stated that she opens the doors for them, cleans the litter box, and provides food and water.

9

(AR 251.) Plaintiff stated that she is able to drive but she avoids driving for long periods

10

and experiences both physical discomfort and visual difficulties while driving. (AR 254.)

11

Plaintiff’s shopping excursions are limited to 30 minute increments every two weeks. (AR

12

254.) Finally, the ALJ suggests that Plaintiff engages in social activities that are inconsistent

13

with her alleged functional limitations – namely, that Plaintiff: watches television; spends

14

time with her boyfriend, who helps her perform all of the above tasks and activities; spends

15

time with her son, who lives with her part-time; and talks on the phone with a friend

16

regularly.

17

Plaintiff’s statements about her symptoms and functional limitations. Further, Plaintiff

18

stated that she does not go anywhere social on a regular basis (AR 256), and her statements

19

are consistent with that.

(See AR 253.)

Plaintiff also stated that

However, none of these very limited social activities are inconsistent with

20
21

Effectively, the ALJ indicates that she is unwilling to credit Plaintiff’s statements

22

because Plaintiff has not lost all motivation and physical capacity for being a mother to her

23

son and a partner to her boyfriend and because she has persisted in doing the bare minimum

24

necessary to keep her household running. However, “[d]isability does not mean that a

25

claimant must vegetate in a dark room excluded from all forms of human and social

26

activity.” See Cooper v. Bowen, 815 F.2d 557, 561 (9th Cir. 1987). Substantial evidence in

27

the record does not support the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff’s reported daily activities are

28

inconsistent with her statements concerning her symptoms and functional limitations.

20

1

Accordingly, Plaintiff’s activities are not a clear and convincing reason supported by

2

substantial evidence for discrediting Plaintiff’s statements.

3
4

3. Statements to Plaintiff’s Physical Therapist

5
6

The ALJ also asserts that Plaintiff made inconsistent statements to her physical

7

therapist about Plaintiff’s ability to type and travel. (See AR 28) (citing AR 593). However,

8

in the record cited, Plaintiff did not, as the ALJ contends, tell her physical therapist that she

9

is able to type and travel without limitation; rather, she informed Dr. Helm that she can type

10

for about five minutes without pain and can travel but has pain after half an hour. (AR 593.)

11

These statements are consistent with her statements on the Adult Function Report and at the

12

hearing. Accordingly, the ALJ’s characterization of Plaintiff’s allegations as inconsistent

13

with her prior statements to a medical treatment provider is not supported by substantial

14

evidence and, thus, is not a clear and convincing reason supported by substantial evidence

15

for finding Plaintiff less than fully credible.

16
17

4. Plaintiff’s Receipt of Unemployment Benefits

18
19

The ALJ also cites Plaintiff’s receipt of unemployment benefits for an unspecified

20

period of time following her September 2010 layoff.

21

unemployment benefits is a “process which required [Plaintiff] to certify she was ready,

22

willing, and able to work”).

23

claimant’s alleged inability to work fulltime.” Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1161-62 (citing

24

Copeland v. Bowen, 861 F.2d 536, 542 (9th Cir. 1988)); Williams v. Colvin, 24 F. Supp.3d

25

901, 916 (N.D. Cal. 2014). However, where, as here, the claimant testifies that when she

26

received those benefits she did not believe that she was physically capable of working but

27

filed for them because she needed the income, the claimant’s receipt of unemployment

28

benefits is not a convincing reason for finding the claimant less than fully credible. See, e.g.,

(AR 28) (noting that receiving

“[R]eceipt of unemployment benefits can undermine a

21

1

Williams, 24 F. Supp.3d at 916 (the plaintiff’s receipt of unemployment benefits was not a

2

convincing reason for discrediting his testimony where “Plaintiff testified that when he

3

received these benefits, ‘I knew that, at the time, I wasn’t physically capable of working . . .

4

but I had no other source of income.’”).

5
6

5. Plaintiff’s One-Month Absence from Physical Therapy

7
8
9

The ALJ’s last reason for discrediting Plaintiff’s statements was that Plaintiff missed
several physical therapy appointments in 2011 due to scheduling conflicts.

(AR 28.)

10

Indeed, the record shows Plaintiff returned to physical therapy “after month absence” on

11

August 16, 2011 and that Plaintiff reported to her physical therapist that she had been

12

“unable to come to PT due to scheduling conflicts including a number of meetings and

13

current court case.” (AR 588.) Her physical therapist informed her that “attendance to PT

14

will be an important factor in determining benefit of therapy services for her current

15

condition” and urged her to “resume physical therapy with recommendations . . . to try to

16

make it 2x/week if at all possible.” (AR 588.)

17
18

“[I]f the frequency or extent of the treatment sought by an individual is not comparable

19

with the degree of the individual’s subjective complaints, or if the individual fails to follow

20

prescribed treatment that might improve symptoms, [the agency] may find the alleged

21

intensity and persistence of an individual’s symptoms are inconsistent with the overall

22

evidence of record.”

23

(“[claimant’s] statements may be less credible if the level or frequency of treatment is

24

inconsistent with the level of complaints, or if the medical reports or records show that the

25

individual is not following the treatment as prescribed”). However, the agency may not find

26

a claimant’s symptoms less than fully credible on this basis without first considering

27

possible reasons why the claimant may not have complied with treatment or sought

28

treatment consistent with the degree of her complaints. SSR 16-3; see also SSR 96-07p

SSR 16-3; see also SSR 96-07p (superseded by SSR 16-3)

22

1

(same); Orn, 495 F.3d at 638 (“[A]n ‘unexplained, or inadequately explained, failure to seek

2

treatment’ may be the basis for an adverse credibility finding unless one of a ‘number of

3

good reasons for not doing so’ applies.”) (emphasis added).

4
5

Nevertheless, the ALJ used Plaintiff’s one-month absence from physical therapy to

6

discredit her statements without either addressing the adequacy of her explanation for

7

missing those appointments or seeking additional information or clarification about the

8

reasons for her absence. Accordingly, the ALJ did not comply with agency rulings and

9

Ninth Circuit case law in using Plaintiff’s month-long absence from physical therapy as a

10

basis for discrediting Plaintiff, and it is not, therefore, a convincing reason supported by

11

substantial evidence for the ALJ’s adverse credibility determination.

12
13

6. Possible Malingering or Symptom Embellishment

14
15

Finally, although the ALJ made no finding of malingering, Defendant contends in the

16

Joint Stipulation that “there are several instances in the record in which Plaintiff’s medical

17

providers indicated that there was evidence of symptom embellishment.” (Joint Stip. at 25.)

18

Specifically, Defendant points to the physical therapist’s comment at Plaintiff’s December

19

20, 2011 appointment that Plaintiff’s “blood work is positive for RF [(rheumatoid factor)];

20

accompanying symptoms are highly suspicious considering the seemingly total body and

21

multi-joint involvement.” (AR 598.) Defendant also refers to a progress note written by Dr.

22

Wanda Shok Yin Chang, M.D., who is board certified in physical medicine and

23

rehabilitation and one of Plaintiff’s treating physicians, at Plaintiff’s August 16, 2013

24

appointment. (Joint Stip. at 25) (citing AR 810). Dr. Chang wrote that Plaintiff “has give

25

way weakness in all extremities.” (AR 810.) Defendant contends, without pointing to any

26

support from either the record or medical sources, that Dr. Chang’s reference to “give way

27

weakness” indicates possible symptom embellishment.

28

declines to use these rather ambiguous notes – or Defendant’s unsupported interpretations of

23

(Joint Stip. at 25.)

The Court

1

them – as a basis for affirming the ALJ because the ALJ did not cite either note as a reason

2

for discrediting Plaintiff’s statements. See Bennett v. Colvin, 202 F. Supp.3d 1119, 1130

3

(9th Cir. 2016) (“these are post-hoc arguments not mentioned by the ALJ, and therefore

4

cannot be considered by this Court”) (citing Connett, 340 F.3d at 874 (“[i]t was error for the

5

district court to affirm the – ALJ’s credibility decision based on evidence that the ALJ did

6

not discuss”)); see also Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin, 554 F.3d 1219, 1225 (9th Cir.

7

2009) (“Long-standing principles of administrative law require us to review the ALJ’s

8

decision based on the reasoning and factual findings offered by the ALJ – not post hoc

9

rationalizations that attempt to intuit what the adjudicator may have been thinking”).

10
11

In sum, the ALJ failed to provide a specific, clear, and convincing reason supported

12

by substantial evidence for discounting any portion of Plaintiff’s statements and testimony.

13

On remand, the ALJ must either credit Plaintiff’s statements or identify which portions of

14

those statements she finds not credible and provide specific, clear, and convincing reasons

15

supported by substantial evidence in the record for that finding.

16
17
18

III.

Remand is Warranted and the Court Declines to Reach Other Arguments
Raised.

19
20

Because remand is warranted based on the ALJ’s assessment of Plaintiff’s statements

21

and of the opinions of Drs. Bleecker, Halbridge, and Thompson, the Court need not reach the

22

other arguments raised in the Joint Stipulation, including Plaintiff’s arguments concerning

23

the ALJ’s determination that Plaintiff’s mental impairments are non-severe and the ALJ’s

24

assessment of Plaintiff’s RFC generally. However, on remand, the ALJ should ensure that

25

her analysis of Plaintiff’s severe impairments and RFC comply with the applicable law and

26

that her rejection, at any step in the analysis, of an opinion offered by a medical source or a

27

statement by Plaintiff is supported by specific and legally sufficient reasons and by

28

substantial evidence in the record.

24

1

The Court also finds that this matter is not appropriate for a remand for an award of

2

benefits because it is not clear from the record that, if the ALJ credited Plaintiff’s statements

3

as well as the opinions of Drs. Bleecker, Halbridge, and Thompson, she would be required to

4

find Plaintiff disabled on remand. See Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1020; see also id. n.26.

5

Accordingly, the Court remands for further development of the record, including the proper

6

consideration of the statements and testimony of Plaintiff and the opinions of Drs. Bleecker,

7

Halbridge, and Thompson.

8
9

RECOMMENDATION

10
11

For the reasons stated above, IT IS ORDERED that the decision of the Commissioner

12

is REVERSED, and this case is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this

13

Memorandum Opinion and Order.

14
15

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall serve copies of this

16

Memorandum Opinion and Order and the Judgment on counsel for plaintiff and for

17

defendant.

18
19

LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY

20
21

DATED: August 17, 2017

22
23
24
25

___________________________________
KAREN L. STEVENSON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

26
27
28

25