Winton v. Commissioner of Social Security
Filing
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ORDER REVERSING Agency's Denial of Benefits, DIRECTING Entry of Judgment in Favor of Plaintiff, and REMANDING for further Proceedings signed by Magistrate Judge Sandra M. Snyder on 6/3/2011. CASE CLOSED.(Sant Agata, S)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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DONALD L. WINTON,
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Plaintiff,
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CASE NO. 1:10-cv-00468-SMS
ORDER REVERSING AGENCY’S
DENIAL OF BENEFITS, DIRECTING ENTRY
OF JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF PLAINTIFF,
AND REMANDING FOR FURTHER
PROCEEDINGS
v.
MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,
Commissioner of Social Security,
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Defendant.
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Plaintiff Donald L. Winton, by his attorney, Law Offices of Lawrence D. Rohlfing, seeks
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judicial review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner”)
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denying his application for disability insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act
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(42 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.) (the “Act”). The matter is currently before the Court on the parties’
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cross-briefs, which were submitted, without oral argument, to the Honorable Sandra M. Snyder,
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United States Magistrate Judge.1 Following a review of the complete record and applicable law,
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this Court finds that the Commissioner’s determination of Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity
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was not supported by substantial evidence and that further proceedings are necessary to
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determine the nature and extent of Plaitnff’s transferable skills. As a result, this Court reverses
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the decision below and remands for further proceedings.
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Both parties consented to the jurisdiction of a United States Magistrate Judge (Docs. 7 & 8).
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I.
Administrative Record
A.
Procedural History
On May 8, 2006, Plaintiff applied for disability benefits pursuant to Title II of the Social
4 Security Act, alleging disability beginning July 28, 2005. His claims were initially denied on
5 June 6, 2007, and upon reconsideration, on October 3, 2007. On November 3, 2007, Plaintiff
6 filed a timely request for a hearing. Plaintiff appeared and testified at a hearing on March 16,
7 2009. On July 8, 2009, Administrative Law Judge Christopher Larsen denied Plaintiff’s
8 application. The Appeals Council denied review on January 11, 2010. On March 15, 2010,
9 Plaintiff filed a complaint seeking this Court’s review.
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B.
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Plaintiff Donald Winton (born May 18, 1953) began working as an electrician after
The Agency Record
12 completing college in 1975. He was last employed as an electrician by the City of Fresno. As a
13 city electrician, Plaintiff diagnosed, repaired, and installed electrical equipment and wiring for the
14 City. Plaintiff lifted 100 pounds occasionally and 25 pounds frequently. Plaintiff last worked on
15 July 28, 2005, the alleged onset date.
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Plaintiff has a history of neck and shoulder injuries. As a result of on-the-job injuries in
17 January 1995, October 1998, November 2003, and September 2004, Plaintiff’s treatment was
18 largely evaluated, treated, and monitored by the workers’ compensation system. In June 1995,
19 Plaintiff had left shoulder surgery followed by physical therapy and strengthening exercise. An
20 MRI of Plaitnff’s left shoulder in November 2004 revealed fluid within the subacromial space,
21 possible rotator cuff tear, and a SLAP-type lesion. In March 2005, degenerative arthritis in
22 Plaintiff’s right shoulder joint led to arthroscopy of his right shoulder.
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Orthopedist David Taylor, M.D., treated Plaintiff from June 1994 to March 2009. In July
24 2005, Taylor opined that Plaintiff had full strength and normal sensation and motor function in his
25 right shoulder. In November 2005, Taylor declared Plaintiff’s right shoulder to be permanent and
26 stationary, with normal sensation and motor function. He restricted Plaintiff to lifting less than
27 ten pounds, with no overhead reaching or repetitive grasping with his right arm. In March 2006,
28 Taylor again found Plaintiff’s sensation and motor function were normal. He noted that Plaintiff
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1 had retired from his job as a city electrician. Taylor offered the same opinion in March 2009,
2 adding that Plaintiff should not do vibrating work or power grasping with his left or right arm.
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Orthopedist William J. Previte performed an orthopedic evaluation for workers’
4 compensation purposes in July 1996. He examined Plaintiff, reviewed his medical records, and
5 provided a written report. Clinical tests revealed motor, sensory, and deep tendon reflex function
6 of Plaintiff’s upper extremities were all within normal limits. Previte identified the following
7 relevant objective disabilities: abnormal plain film radiographs, bone scan, and MRI studies of left
8 shoulder; slight atrophy, left biceps; slight decreased range of motion, left shoulder; slight residual
9 weakness, left supraspinatus on resisted testing; residual crepitus, subacromial space, left
10 shoulder; persistent erythemia, left ear; and tenderness, left auricular nerve distribution.
11 Subjective factors included occasionally moderate neck and left trapezius pain and slight to
12 moderate left shoulder pain. According to Previte, Plaintiff should not push, pull, or lift heavy
13 objects with his left upper extremity and should avoid heavy work above shoulder level. Previte
14 opined that Plaintiff could conduct his work activities on a permanently modified basis.
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Chiropractor Brian J. Killeen, D.C., reviewed Plaintiff’s treatment in July 2004. Killeen
16 noted that Plaintiff consistently received passive treatment without receiving physical therapy and
17 exercise from a physical therapist. He opined, “There is no scientific basis for continued use of
18 passive modalities and chiropractic manipulation at this time.”
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Chiropractor Elizabeth Flores, D.C., completed a primary treating physician’s permanent
20 and stationary report in November 2004. She opined that as a result of an on-the-job injury,
21 Plaintiff had a permanent and partial disability. Subjective factors were mid- to lower-back pain
22 and bilateral lower extremity complaints. Objective factors included positive orthopedic tests,
23 local signs of spinal and soft tissue injuries, and a decreased range of lumbar motion. Flores
24 reported that Plaintiff could not perform heavy lifting or frequent bending and stooping.
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On January 5, 2006, Chiropractor Randy Willis evaluated Plaintiff for workers’
26 compensation purposes. He estimated 15 percent right shoulder impairment (4 % extension; 3 %
27 flexion; 3 % abduction; 1 % external rotation; 4 % internal rotation). Willis concurred with
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1 Taylor’s recommendation that Plaitnff could lift and carry less than ten pounds, with no overhead
2 reaching or repetitive grasping with his right arm.
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In March 2008, Taylor noted that Plaintiff was doing reasonably well with his right
4 shoulder and that he took vicodin at night to decrease pain and promote sleep. Plaintiff’s right
5 shoulder had normal sensation and motor function with slightly decreased strength (4/5). His
6 rotator cuff was well-maintained, and his shoulder had no significant degeneration or
7 osteoarthritis.
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Neurologist Abbas Mehdi examined Plaintiff as a consultant to the agency. Noting
9 Plaintiff’s medical history of shoulder, neck, and back problems, Mehdi found Plaintiff’s station
10 and gait to be normal and the range of motion in Plaintiff’s right shoulder and neck to be
11 minimally restricted. Plaintiff had no pain upon straight-leg raising2 and normal hand grip, motor
12 strength, reflexes and sensation. Mehdi opined that Plaintiff could lift and carry 100 pounds
13 occasionally and 50 pounds frequently; could walk or stand six hours in an eight-hour workday;
14 and could sit without restriction.
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In May 2007, Brian J. Ginsburg, M.D., prepared a functional capacity form for the agency
16 in which he opined that Plaintiff could lift and carry 100 pounds occasionally and 50 pounds
17 frequently, and could sit, stand, or walk for six hours in an eight-hour work day.
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Chiropractor Michael Salerno, D.C., provided chiropractic care to Plaintiff from February
19 1995 to December 2008. He opined that Plaintiff could not perform his job duties and was totally
20 and permanently disabled.
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Cheryl Chandler testified as a vocational expert. She testified that although DOT
22 described the work of electricians as requiring medium exertion, as was common in commercial
23 setting, Plaintiff’s former job was performed in the heavy range of exertion. Plaintiff confirmed
24 that her testimony was consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT).
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The straight leg raising test is administered during a physical examination to determine whether a patient
with low back pain has an underlying herniated disc. The test is positive if the patient experiences pain down the
back of the leg when the leg is raised. Miller v. Astrue, 2010 W L 4942814 (E.D. Cal. November 30, 2010) (No.
1:09-cv-1257-SKO).
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In a single hypothetical question, the ALJ directed Chandler to assume an individual of
2 Plaintiff’s age, education, and work experience, capable of light exertion with occasional bending,
3 stooping, and reaching overhead. Describing the residual functional capacity of the hypothetical
4 person was consistent with light exertion, Chandler agreed with the ALJ’s assumption that these
5 assumptions excluded Plaintiff’s prior job.
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Chandler opined that jobs existed for light level unskilled and semi-skilled electrical
7 workers, specifically identifying a semi-skilled assembler (DOT No. 706.684-094), which had
8 15,300 jobs available in California. Additional semi-skilled jobs would be available to the
9 hypothetical person with some additional training. Unskilled jobs included work as a cashier
10 (DOT No. 211.462.010). Finally, 26 different types of sales representative positions (including
11 DOT No. 279.357.010) requiring knowledge of electrical products were available in California,
12 encompassing 241,000 jobs. Twenty thousand such jobs specifically required knowledge of
13 electrical equipment.
14 II.
Legal Standards
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To qualify for benefits, a claimant must establish that he or she is unable to engage in
16 substantial gainful activity because of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment
17 which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.
18 42 U.S.C. § 1382c (a)(3)(A). A claimant must demonstrate a physical or mental impairment of
19 such severity that he or she is not only unable to do his or her previous work, but cannot,
20 considering age, education, and work experience, engage in any other substantial gainful work
21 existing in the national economy. Quang Van Han v. Bowen, 882 F.2d 1453, 1456 (9th Cir. 1989).
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To encourage uniformity in decision making, the Commissioner has promulgated
23 regulations prescribing a five-step sequential process for evaluating an alleged disability. 20
24 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)-(f); 416.920 (a)-(f). The process requires consideration of the following
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Step one:
Is the claimant engaging in substantial gainful activity? If so, the
claimant is found not disabled. If not, proceed to step two.
Step two:
Does the claimant have a “severe” impairment? If so, proceed to
step three. If not, then a finding of not disabled is appropriate.
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Step three:
Does the claimant’s impairment or combination of impairments
meet or equal an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R., Pt. 404, Subpt. P,
App. 1? If so, the claimant is automatically determined disabled. If
not, proceed to step four.
Step four:
Is the claimant capable of performing his past work? If so, the
claimant is not disabled. If not, proceed to step five.
Step five:
Does the claimant have the residual functional capacity to perform
any other work? If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, the
claimant is disabled.
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Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 828 n. 5 (9th Cir. 1995).
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The ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since July 28,
9 2005. He had multiple severe impairments: neck and shoulder pain status post surgery and
10 degenerative osteoarthritis of the right acromioclavicular joint. His impairments did not meet or
11 medically equal one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. He
12 was unable to perform his past work as an electrician. Plaintiff had the residual functional ability
13 to lift and carry twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently, to sit or to stand and walk
14 six hours in an eight-hour work day; and to occasionally bend, stoop, and reach overhead. The
15 ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not disabled from the alleged onset date to the date of the
16 decision.
17 III.
Scope of Review
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Congress has provided a limited scope of judicial review of the Commissioner’s decision
19 to deny benefits under the Act. In reviewing findings of fact with respect to such determinations,
20 a court must determine whether substantial evidence supports the Commissioner’s decision. 42
21 U.S.C. § 405(g). Substantial evidence means “more than a mere scintilla” (Richardson v. Perales,
22 402 U.S. 389, 402 (1971)), but less than a preponderance. Sorenson v. Weinberger, 514 F.2d
23 1112, 1119 n. 10 (9th Cir. 1975). It is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept
24 as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson, 402 U.S. at 401. The record as a whole must
25 be considered, weighing both the evidence that supports and the evidence that detracts from the
26 Commissioner’s decision. Jones v. Heckler, 760 F.2d 993, 995 (9th Cir. 1985). The Court “may
27 not affirm simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Lingenfelter v. Astrue,
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1 504 F.3d 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007), quoting Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir.
2 1989).
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In weighing the evidence and making findings, the Commissioner must apply the proper
4 legal standards. See, e.g., Burkhart v. Bowen, 856 F.2d 1335, 1338 (9th Cir. 1988). This Court
5 must uphold the ALJ’s determination that the claimant is not disabled if the ALJ applied the
6 proper legal standards, and if the ALJ’s findings are supported by substantial evidence. See
7 Sanchez v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 812 F.2d 509, 510 (9th Cir. 1987).
8 IV.
Discussion
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A.
Did the ALJ Erroneously Reject Medical Opinion Precluding
Plaintiff’s Overhead Reaching?
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Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in failing to address Taylor’s opinion that Plaintiff
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could not work at or above shoulder level with his right arm. Disparaging Plaintiff’s reasoning,
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the Commissioner responds that the ALJ properly determined Plaintiff’s residual functional
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capacity based on the record as a whole. Having reviewed the record as a whole, the Court finds
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that the ALJ’s decision failed to adequately explain his reasoning and was not supported by
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substantial evidence in the agency record and must be reversed.
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Analysis of Expert Opinion. Three types of physicians may offer opinions in social
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security cases: “(1) those who treat[ed] the claimant (treating physicians); (2) those who
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examine[d] but d[id] not treat the claimant (examining physicians); and (3) those who neither
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examine[d] nor treat[ed] the claimant (nonexamining physicians).” Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. A
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treating physician’s opinion is generally entitled to more weight that the opinion of a doctor who
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examined but did not treat the claimant, and an examining physician’s opinion is generally
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entitled to more weight than that of a non-examining physician. Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d
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587, 592 (9th Cir. 2004); Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. The Social Security Administration favors the
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opinion of a treating physician over that of nontreating physicians. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527; Orn v.
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Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 631(9th Cir. 2007). A treating physician is employed to cure and has a
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greater opportunity to know and observe the patient. Sprague v. Bowen, 812 F.2d 1226, 1230 (9th
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Cir. 1987).
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Nonetheless, an ALJ may disregard the opinion of a treating physician even if it is
2 uncontradicted. Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989). But if he or she chooses
3 to do so, the ALJ must provide “specific and legitimate reasons” supported by substantial
4 evidence in the record. Lester, 81 F.3d at 830-31. An ALJ can meet this requirement by setting
5 forth a detailed and thorough factual summary, including all conflicting testimony; then
6 articulating his or her interpretation of this evidence; and finally, setting forth his or her findings.
7 Magallanes, 881 F.2d at 751. The ALJ cannot merely set forth conclusions; he or she must
8 provide his or her own interpretation and explain why it, rather than the doctors’ interpretations,
9 are correct. Embrey v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 421-22 (9th Cir. 1988). The regulations provide that
10 medical opinions be evaluated by considering (1) the examining relationship; (2) the treatment
11 relationship, including (a) the length of the treatment relationship or frequency of examination,
12 and the (b) nature and extent of the treatment relationship; (3) supportability; (4) consistency; (5)
13 specialization; and (6) other factors that support or contradict a medical opinion. 28 C.F.R. §
14 404.1527(d).
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Plaintiff received extensive chiropractic treatment. Several chiropractors provided
16 opinions and reports in accordance with Plaintiff’s worker’s compensation treatment and the
17 settlement of his claims. As the ALJ recognized in his analysis of Chiropractor Salerno’s
18 opinions, a chiropractor is not recognized as an acceptable medical source. 20 C.F.R. §
19 404.1513(a). Nonetheless, the Commissioner may consider evidence of the severity of a
20 claimant’s impairments and the effect on a claimant’s ability to work from other sources,
21 including chiropractors. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d). Indeed, when the clinical notes or other
22 materials attributable to a chiropractor or similar source compose a significant portion of the
23 record, that evidence constitutes significant and probative evidence that the ALJ must consider.
24 See Wick v. Astrue, 2009 WL 2393106 at *9 (D.Or. July 31, 2009) (Civil No. 08-6108-MO). Cf.,
25 Howard v. Barnhart, 341 F.3d 1006, 1012 (9th Cir. 2003).
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Opinions from other sources are accorded less weight than that accorded the opinion of a
27 physician or other accepted source. Gomez v. Chater, 74 F.3d 967, 971 (9th Cir.), cert. denied,
28 519 U.S. 881 (1996). Nonetheless, the opinions of other medical sources regarding the effects of
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1 impairments on a claimant’s ability to work must be considered and the weight given to those
2 opinions must be explained. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d); 416.913(d); SSR 06-03p. The ALJ gave
3 the opinions of chiropractors Salerno, Flores, and Willis “some weight,” the same amount he gave
4 to Taylor’s opinion.
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In evaluating medical opinion, an ALJ must review the submitted evidence and explain the
6 weight that he or she gives to the opinions of the various medical sources in the agency record.
7 Credibility is a relevant factor. Webb v. Barnhart, 433 F.3d 683, 688 (9th Cir. 2005). What the
8 ALJ meant when he wrote that he gave “some weight” to the various medical and chiropractic
9 opinions is unclear.
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The ALJ gave “some weight” to Taylor’s March 2009 opinion that Plaintiff could perform
11 modified work lifting no more than ten pounds, no working at or above shoulder height, and no
12 repetitive power grasping or vibratory work with the right arm. But he ultimately rejected that
13 opinion, finding that Plaintiff could lift and carry twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds
14 frequently, and could occasionally bend, stoop, and lift overhead. The ALJ’s determination may
15 have been based on Taylor’s earlier opinions, which sometimes stated that Plaintiff could lift and
16 carry no more than ten pounds, and at other times provided that Plaintiff could lift and carry
17 twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently. All of Taylor’s opinions consistently
18 provided that Plaintiff should not work at or above shoulder height, however. Accordingly, this
19 Court is baffled by the ALJ’s conclusion that, based on Taylor’s opinion, Plaintiff was capable of
20 “occasional . . . overhead reaching.”
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The ALJ also gave “some weight” to Salerno’s opinion, which stated that Plaintiff could
22 not perform his job duties in any capacity and was totally disabled. He then rejected Salerno’s
23 opinion as opining on an issue reserved to the Commissioner, stating that even if Plaintiff could
24 no longer perform his prior work as city electrician, he was able to perform other work.
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Similarly, the ALJ gave “some weight” to Flores’ November 2004 report, which opined
26 that Plaintiff was permanent and stationary following his November 2003 back injury, explaining
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1 that it was “consistent with the residual functional capacity I have determined.”3 Putting aside the
2 questionable reasoning of giving weight to an opinion because it is consistent with the outcome
3 favored by the ALJ, Flores’ report was prepared prior to March 2005 right shoulder surgery and
4 well before the alleged disability onset date of July 28, 2005. Contrary to the ALJ’s conclusion,
5 Flores’ opinion has no relevance to Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity.
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Finally, the ALJ gave “some weight” to Willis’s January 2006 workers’ compensation
7 opinion regarding Plaintiff’s September 2004 right shoulder injury, again because it was
8 “consistent with the residual functional capacity I have determined.” The ALJ relied solely on
9 Willis’s percentage impairment ratings. He did not acknowledge that Willis recommended that
10 Plaintiff could return to work in accordance with the work restrictions that Taylor set forth on
11 November 9, 2005: lifting less than ten pounds, with no overhead reaching or repetitive grasping
12 with his right arm.
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The inescapable conclusion following thoughtful review of the record as a whole is that
14 substantial, credible, and relevant evidence did not support a determination that Plaintiff was
15 capable of light work with occasional overhead lifting. To the contrary, the substantial credible
16 medical evidence in the record from examining and treating physicians within the relevant time
17 period, and including at least one opinion favored by the ALJ in support of a light residual
18 functional capacity, supported a single conclusion: that Plaintiff was capable of lifting and
19 carrying less than ten pounds and incapable of work at or above shoulder level, that is, of
20 sedentary work. See 20 C.F.R. §404.1567(a).
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B.
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Whether Plaintiff is disabled or not disabled using the Medical-Vocational Guidelines (the
Did the ALJ Properly Determine That Plaintiff had Transferable Skills?
23 “Grids”) depends on whether or not Plaintiff has skills transferable to sedentary work.
24 Transferable skills are skills acquired in previous skilled or semi-skilled work that can be used to
25 meet the requirements of skilled or semi-skilled work activities of other jobs or kinds of work. 20
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Curiously, stating that expert opinions are given weight because they are consistent with the residual
functional capacity determined by the ALJ has become boilerplate in agency decisions rejecting disability
applications. W hatever the intended meaning, this peculiar language suggests that the opinion was selectively given
weight in order to support a predetermined assessment of residual functional capacity.
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1 C.F.R. §404.1568(d)(1). Transferability generally exists among jobs in which (I) the same or a
2 lesser degree of skill is required; (ii) the same or similar tools and machines are used; and (iii) the
3 same or similar raw materials, products, processes, or services are involved. 20 C.F.R.
4 §404.1568(d)(2). A complete similarity of all three factors is not necessary. 20 C.F.R.
5 §404.1568(d)(3).
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Persons of advanced age who are limited to light or sedentary work will only be found not
7 to be disabled if they have skills that can transfer to other skilled or semi-skilled work. 20 C.F.R.
8 §404.1568(d)(4). A person of advanced age who is limited to sedentary work, such as Plaintiff, is
9 generally considered not to be disabled only if the sedentary work is so similar to his or her
10 previous work that little, if any, vocational adjustment is needed in terms of tools, work processes,
11 work settings, or the industry. 20 C.F.R. §404.1568(d)(4).
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Plaintiff requests remand, arguing that the Commissioner failed to follow the procedure
13 required to determine whether Plaintiff had transferable skills. The Commissioner disagrees. This
14 Court need not analyze whether the vocational expert testimony fully complied with agency
15 procedures. Expert testimony regarding the transferability of Plaintiff’s skills only considered
16 positions available to individuals capable of light exertion. Because this Court finds that
17 substantial evidence compelled a finding the Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity was for
18 sedentary work, and the agency never requested exert testimony regarding the transferability of
19 Plaintiff’s skills to sedentary positions, this case must be remanded for further proceedings to
20 determine the transferability of Plaintiff’s skills to sedentary positions.
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III.
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Conclusion and Order
“The court shall have the power to enter, upon pleadings and transcript of record, a
23 judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the Secretary, with or without
24 remanding the cause for a rehearing.” 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). In social security cases, the decision to
25 remand to the Commissioner to award benefits is within the court’s discretion. McAllister v.
26 Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 603 (9th Cir. 1989). “If additional proceedings can remedy defects in the
27 original administrative proceedings, a social security case should be remanded. Where, however,
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1 a rehearing would simply delay receipt of benefits, reversal and an award of benefits is
2 appropriate.” Id. (citation omitted).
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Determination of whether or not Plaintiff is disabled requires expert identification and
4 analysis of Plaintiff’s transferable skills to available sedentary employment, if any. Accordingly,
5 remand is required.
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This Court orders that the administrative determination be REMANDED for further
7 proceedings in accordance with this decision and in conformity to applicable law. The Clerk of
8 Court is hereby directed to ENTER JUDGMENT in favor of Plaintiff Donald L. Winton, and
9 against Defendant Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner of Social Security.
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11 IT IS SO ORDERED.
12 Dated:
icido3
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June 3, 2011
/s/ Sandra M. Snyder
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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