Arvizu v. GMAC Mortgage, LLC, FKA GMAC Mortgage Corporation et al

Filing 39

MEMORANDUM DECISION Regarding Defendants' 6 MOTION to DISMISS signed by Judge Oliver W. Wanger on 10/8/2010. Deadline to lodge formal order consistent with this decision: 10/13/2010; Amended Complaint due by 10/25/2010. (Bradley, A)

Arvizu v. GMAC Mortgage, LLC et al

Doc. 39

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 I. INTRODUCTION. Plaintiff Matthew Arvizu ("Plaintiff") proceeds with an action asserting eighteen causes of action against various Defendants involved in transactions related to a loan secured by Plaintiff's real property. Defendants removed this action to federal court on June 3, 2010. (Doc. 1). Defendants filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiff's (Doc. 6). v. GMAC MORTGAGE, LLC, et al., Defendants. MATTHEW ARVIZU, Plaintiff, 1:10-cv-00990-OWW-JLT MEMORANDUM DECISION REGARDING DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS (Doc. 6)

complaint on June 10, 2010.

Plaintiff filed opposition to the motion to dismiss on July 20, 2010. (Doc. 23). (Doc. 33). II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND. On or about November 21, 2006, Plaintiff purchased a residence ("the Property") using funds acquired through a loan from Defendant Greenpoint. (Complaint at 7). 1 The terms of the loan were Defendants filed a reply on August 19, 2010.

Dockets.Justia.com

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memorialized in a promissory note, which was secured by a Deed of Trust, and Adjustable Rate Note, and Interim Interest Addendum to Note; these documents were recorded in Kern County on or about December 6, 2006. Defendant (Complaint MERS as at a 7-8). The Deed as of Trust for

identified

beneficiary

nominee

Greenpoint, Greenpoint as the servicer, and Marin Conveyancing Corp. as the Trustee. (Complaint at 8).

The Deed of Trust appears to have been executed on November 21, 2006; however, the Uniform Residential Loan Application was completed on November 27, 2006. (Complaint at 8). Plaintiff

contends that Greenpoint manipulated the lending process to the detriment of Plaintiff. did not receive the (Complaint at 8). required documents Plaintiff alleges he and disclosure upon

consummation of the lease.

(Complaint at 8).

On or about March 17, 2009, a Notice of Default on the Property was recorded. The notice was signed by Maria DeBelen on

behalf of "ETS Services LLC as Agent for Beneficiary." (Complaint at 8). Default. Plaintiff alleges that he never received the Notice of (Complaint at 18). Also on March 17, 2009, GMAC recorded

a Substitution of Trustee purporting to designate ETS and Executive Trustee Services as Trustee under the Deed of Trust; in this document, MERS identified itself as the present beneficiary under the Deed of Trust. (Complaint at 17).

On or about June 19, 2009, ETS and Executive recorded a Notice of Trustee's Sale, stating a foreclosure sale date of July 15, 2009. (Complaint at 17). Following the sale, ETS and Executive

executed a Trustee's Deed Upon Sale which stated that GMAC, as foreclosing beneficiary, acquired title to the Property as grantee 2

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pursuant to the foreclosure sale.

(Complaint at 18).

Plaintiff

alleges that GMAC is not and was not the holder of the Note, and that GMAC had no right to initiate foreclosure under the Deed of Trust. (Complaint at 18). Plaintiff alleges that Defendants engage in a pattern and practice of unlawfully foreclosing on properties. After learning of the foreclosure proceedings, Plaintiff sent GMAC a "Qualified Written Request" pursuant to 12 U.S.C.

2605(e)(1)(B);

GMAC failed to respond.

(Complaint at 19).

III. LEGAL STANDARD. A. Rule 12(b)(6) Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is appropriate where the

complaint lacks sufficient facts to support a cognizable legal theory. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep't, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir.1990). To sufficiently state a claim to relief and survive a 12(b) (6) motion, the pleading "does not need detailed factual allegations" but the "[f]actual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). Mere "labels and conclusions" or a "formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do." Id. Rather, there must be "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Id. at 570. In other words, the "complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, --- U.S. ----, ----, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). The Ninth Circuit has summarized the governing standard, in light of Twombly and Iqbal, as follows: "In sum, for a complaint to 3

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survive a motion to dismiss, the nonconclusory factual content, and reasonable inferences from that content, must be plausibly

suggestive of a claim entitling the plaintiff to relief." Moss v. U.S. Secret Serv., 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir.2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). Apart from factual insufficiency, a complaint is also subject to dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) where it lacks a cognizable legal theory, Balistreri, 901 F.2d at 699, or where the allegations on their face "show that relief is barred" for some legal reason, Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 215, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). In deciding whether to grant a motion to dismiss, the court must accept as true all "well-pleaded factual allegations" in the pleading under attack. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. at 1950. A court is not, however, "required to accept as true allegations that are merely conclusory, unwarranted deductions of fact, or unreasonable

inferences." Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors, 266 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir.2001). "When ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, if a district court considers evidence outside the pleadings, it must normally convert the 12(b)(6) motion into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment, and it must give the nonmoving party an

opportunity to respond." 907 (9th Cir.2003). "A

United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903, court may, to however, the consider certain

materials-documents

attached

complaint,

documents

incorporated by reference in the complaint, or matters of judicial notice-without converting the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment." Id. at 908. /// /// 4

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B. Rule 9(b) Rule 9(b) imposes an elevated pleading standard with respect to certain claims. Rule 9(b) provides: In alleging fraud or mistake, a party must state with particularity the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake. Malice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind may be alleged generally. "To comply with Rule 9(b), allegations of fraud must be specific

7 enough to give defendants notice of the particular misconduct which 8 is alleged to constitute the fraud." Swartz v. KPMG LLP, 476 F.3d 9 756, 764 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted). 10 Allegations of fraud must include the "time, place, and specific 11 content of the false representations as well as the identities of 12 the parties 13 marks omitted). The "[a]verments of fraud must be accompanied by 14 the who, what, when, where, and how of the misconduct charged." 15 Kearns v. Ford Motor Co., 567 F.3d 1120, 1124 (9th Cir. 2009) 16 (internal quotation marks omitted). A plaintiff alleging fraud 17 "must set forth more than the neutral facts necessary to identify 18 the transaction. The plaintiff must set forth what is false or 19 misleading about a statement, and why it is false." Vess v. 20 Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA, 317 F.3d 1097, 1106 (9th Cir. 2003) (emphasis 21 and internal quotation marks omitted). 22 IV. DISCUSSION. 23 Defendants advance two arguments that are generally applicable 24 to all of Plaintiff's claims. 25 entire action should be dismissed because Plaintiff lacks standing 26 due to a Chapter 7 petition filed in the Bankruptcy Court after the 27 complaint was filed. 28 5 However, on September 27, 2010, Plaintiff's First, Defendants contend that this to the misrepresentations." Id. (internal quotation

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Bankruptcy case closed.

As Plaintiff has received his discharge

and the bankruptcy proceeding is now closed, Defendants' argument that the complaint should be dismissed for lack of standing so that the Chapter 7 trustee can be substituted as Plaintiff is now moot. Second, Plaintiff's estoppel. Defendants claims are contend barred that by the many, if not of all, of

doctrine

collateral

Defendants ask the court to take judicial notice of a

judgment entered by the California Superior Court in connection with GMAC's unlawful detainer action against Plaintiff. Defendants contend that the issues raised in this action were or should have been raised in the unlawful detainer trial. Although the court may take judicial notice of the fact that GMAC obtained a judgment against Plaintiff, there is no written decision from the Superior Court from which the court can determine what issues were actually litigated in the unlawful detainer action. Nor is Plaintiff's answer to the unlawful detainer

complaint before the court.

Because unlawful detainer proceedings

in California are generally limited in scope, the court cannot say that Plaintiff's claims in this case are precluded as a matter of law: As a general rule, in unlawful detainer proceedings, only claims bearing directly upon the right to possession are involved. However...courts must make a limited inquiry into the basis of the plaintiff's title... [W]here the plaintiff in the unlawful detainer action is the purchaser at a trustee's sale, he or she need only prove a sale in compliance with the statute and deed of trust, followed by purchase at such sale, and the defendant may raise objections only on that phase of the issue of title. Matters affecting the validity of the trust deed or primary obligation itself, or other basic defects in the plaintiff's title, are neither properly raised in this summary proceeding for possession, nor are they concluded by the judgment. 6

1 Old Nat'l Fin. Servs. v. Seibert, 194 Cal. App. 3d 460, 465 (Cal. 2 Ct. App. 1987). 3 of Plaintiff's claims are barred by collateral estoppel. 4 A. Plaintiff's TILA1 Claim 5 Plaintiff seeks recision of the underlying loan transaction 6 pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1635 as well as statutory damages and costs 7 pursuant to U.S.C. § 1640(a). (Complaint at 20-22). 8 TILA claim is based on Defendants' alleged failure to provide 9 required disclosures and for placing "terms prohibited by statute 10 into the transaction." 11 correctly that Plaitniff's TILA claims are time barred. 12 The right of rescission provided by section 1635 expires three 13 years after the date of consummation of the transaction or upon the 14 sale of the property, whichever occurs first. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f). 15 Based on the allegations of the complaint and judicially noticeable 16 documents contained in the record, the Property at issue in this 17 action 18 Accordingly, Plaintiff does not have a valid claim for recision 19 under section 1635, and Plaintiff may not cure the deficiency of 20 his recision claim with an amended complaint. 21 Country Funding Corp, 309 F.3d 1161, 1164 (9th Cir. 2002) ("section 22 1635(f) 23 actions'"). 24 prejudice. 25 Plaintiff's claim for statutory damages and costs is also 26 foreclosed by the allegations of the complaint and judicially 27 28
1

The record is insufficient to determine that all

Plaintiff's

(Complaint at 22).

Defendants assert

was

sold

in

a

foreclosure

sale

on

July

15,

2009.

Id.; Miguel v.

represents

an

`absolute recision

limitation claim is

on

rescission with

Plaintiff's

DISMISSED,

The Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.

7

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noticeable documents in the record.

An action for statutory

damages and costs pursuant to section 1640 must be brought within one year from the date of the occurrence of the TILA violation. U.S.C. § 1640(e). 15

The TILA violations alleged in the complaint

concern disclosure violations which occurred in November 2006. (Complaint at 8; 21-22). Accordingly, Plaintiff's claim is time

barred, as it was not brought within one year of the alleged violations. Plaintiff's contention that the statute of limitations began to run when Defendants allegedly failed to respond to the recision demand Plaintiff sent in October of 2009 lacks merit. First, the

complaint does not clearly allege a TILA violation based on the October 2009 recision demand. More importantly, however, Plaintiff had no right to recision in October 2009. The July 15, 2009 15

foreclosure sale extinguished Plaintiff's right to recision. U.S.C. § 1635(f).

Plaintiff's claim for damages and costs under

section 1640 is DISMISSED, with prejudice. B. Plaintiff's RESPA2 Claim Defendant contends that Plaintiff's RESPA claim is timebarred, and that the complaint fails to properly plead damages in connection with the alleged RESPA violation. Plaintiff responds

that he is entitled to equitable tolling, and that "damages will be determined at trial." The nature of (Opposition at 7-8). Plaintiff's RESPA claim is unclear, but

Plaintiff's opposition indicates that the RESPA violations occurred at the time of "closing." (See Opposition at 7). To the extent

2

The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, 12 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq.

8

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Plaintiff's claim was not filed within the applicable statute of limitations, Plaintiff's conclusory assertion of equitable tolling is insufficient; the complaint must allege facts sufficient to support the contention that equitable tolling should apply. In any event, to the extent Plaintiff has a RESPA claim that is not timebarred, such claim be dismissed because the complaint does not properly allege any damages. Plaintiff's opposition states that "damages will be determined at trial;" this statement is tantamount to a tacit concession that the complaint does not allege any damages in connection with Defendant's alleged violation of the notice requirements set forth in 12 U.S.C. § 2605, and no damages are alleged within the four corners of the complaint. of $1,000.00 pursuant to Plaintiff's claim for statutory damages 12 U.S.C. § 2605(1)(B) is insufficient,

as the complaint does not allege facts sufficient to give rise to the inference that Defendants engage in a pattern or practice of noncompliance with RESPA. See 12 U.S.C. § 2605(1)(B) (plaintiffs

may recover "any additional damages, as the court may allow, in the case of a pattern or practice of noncompliance with the

requirements of this section, in an amount not to exceed $ 1,000"). Plaintiff's RESPA claim is DISMISSED, without prejudice. C. Plaintiff's Debt Collection Claims Plaintiff contends that Defendants violated California's

Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("RFDCPA") and the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) by foreclosing on Plaintiff's property, filing an unlawful detainer action,

falsely stating the amount of debt, and increasing the amount of the debt by including amounts not permitted by law or contract. 9

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(Complaint

at

23).

Plaintiff's

contentions

regarding

misrepresentation and inflation of the amount of debt at issue are not supported by sufficient factual allegations in the complaint. Further, foreclosing on a property pursuant to a deed of trust is not debt collection within the meaning of the RFDCPA or the FDCA. See Izenberg v. ETS Servs., LLC, 589 F. Supp. 2d 1193, 1198-99 (C.D. Cal. 2008); Ines v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88739, 2008 WL 4791863, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 3, 2008). The complaint fails to allege facts sufficient to support the inference that Defendants are "debt collectors." Plaintiff's

argument that because the foreclosure proceeding was invalid, all the Defendants' conduct constituted "debt collection" lacks merit because, inter alia, the complaint does not allege sufficient facts to establish the debt illegality collection of the foreclosure are proceeding. without

Plaintiff's prejudice.

claims

DISMISSED,

D. Plaintiff's Title Related Claims As Plaintiff quiet concedes, title, to Plaintiff's set aside claims for wrongful sale, and

foreclosure,

trustee's

cancellation of the trustee's deed are deficient because the complaint does not allege an offer to tender. (Opposition at 9). The only

It is undisputed that these claims must be dismissed.

question is whether Plaintiff should be given leave to amend. To the extent that any of these claims are based solely on Plaintiff's argument that only a holder of the promissory note may enforce its terms or the terms of the deed of trust, the claims are untenable. See, e.g., Castaneda v. Saxon Mortgage Servs., Inc.,

687 F. Supp. 2d 1191, 1201 (E.D. Cal. 2009) ("Under California law, 10

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there is no requirement for the production of the original note to initiate a non-judicial foreclosure"). premised on the argument that the Additionally, any claims foreclosure sale was not

performed in compliance with the relevant California statutory authority or with the Deed of Trust are precluded by the prior judgment issued against Plaintiff in the unlawful detainer action. See Wood v. Herson, 39 Cal. App. 3d 737, 743-744 (Cal. Ct. App. 1974) (discussing application of collateral estoppel as applied to judgments in unlawful detainer actions). Plaintiff will be given one opportunity to plead cognizable claims. E. Slander of Title Claim Slander of title occurs when a person, without a privilege to do so, publishes a false statement that disparages title to

property and causes pecuniary loss.

Truck Ins. Exch. v. Bennett, "The elements of the

53 Cal. App. 4th 75, 84 (Cal. Ct. App. 1997).

tort are (1) publication, (2) absence of justification, (3) falsity and (4) direct pecuniary loss." Id. (citation omitted).

Although the complaint alleges that Defendant's recording of the Notice of Default, Notice of Trustee's Sale, and Trustee's deed was "improper," (Complaint at 27), the complaint fails to allege facts sufficient to support the inference that the publications were false. The complaint also fails to allege that Plaintiff

suffered direct pecuniary loss as a result of the publications. As Defendants point out, the apparent basis for Plaintiff's slander of title claim is Plaintiff's argument concerning possession of the Note at the time of the "improper" publications. Plaintiffs opposition to the motion to dismiss states "if allowed to amend, Plaintiff will eliminate the Slander of Title 11

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cause of action."

(Opposition at 12).

Plaintiff's slander of

title claim is DISMISSED, with prejudice. F. Civil Conspiracy Claim The complaint asserts a cause of action for "civil

conspiracy."

(Complaint at 28-29).

There is no stand alone cause E.g.

of action for civil conspiracy recognized by California law.

Grisham v. Philip Morris U.S.A., Inc., 40 Cal. 4th 623, 632 (Cal. 2007) (citing Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd. (Cal. 1994)). This claim is DISMISSED

7 Cal.4th 503, 510­511 without prejudice. G. UCL Claims3 The complaint

alleges

"Plaintiff

is

informed unfair,

and

believes...that

Defendants

committed

unlawful,

and/or

fraudulent business practices as defined by California Business and Professions Code § 17200" ("UCL claims"). (Complaint at 29).

Plaintiff's conclusory allegations do not give Defendants fair notice of the nature of Plaintiff's claim. California law prohibits unfair competition including "any unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business act or practice." Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200 et seq. Because the statute is written in the

disjunctive, it applies separately to business acts or practices that are (1) unlawful, (2) unfair, or (3) fraudulent. See Pastoria v. Nationwide Ins., 112 Cal. App. 4th 1490, 1496 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). Each prong of the UCL is a separate and distinct theory of See id.

liability. ///

3

California Business and Professions Code § 17200 et seq.

12

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Plaintiff's UCL allegations do not specify the basis for his claim, i.e., whether it is based on an unlawful, unfair, or fraudulent practice, let alone state, with reasonable

particularity, the facts supporting the statutory elements of the violation. Second, to the extent Plaintiff asserts a UCL claim based on a violation of other law, his complaint fails to state a claim for a violation of RESPA, the RFDCPA, or any other law. Accordingly, to the extent the UCL claim is predicated on the violation of other law, it is insufficiently pled. Third, to the extent Plaintiff asserts a UCL claim that is based on or grounded in fraud, it must meet the requirements of Rule 9(b), which it does not. The complaint fails to specify what particular role each Defendant played in any alleged fraud. DISMISSED, without prejudice. H. Plaintiff's RICO Claims Plaintiff's RICO claims are based on Defendants' alleged scheme to wrongfully foreclose on Plaintiff's property. (Complaint at 30-35). To the extent that Plaintiff's RICO claims rely on the Plaintiff's UCL claim is

predicate act of initiating a foreclosure without having possession of the Note, Plaintiff's claims are untenable. See, e.g.,

Castaneda, 687 F. Supp. 2d at 1201 (E.D. Cal. 2009) ("Under California law, there is no requirement for the production of the original note to initiate a non-judicial foreclosure").

Plaintiff's conclusory allegation that Defendants attempted to acquire the subject Property through "deception and fraud" is not supported by sufficient factual allegations. claims are dismissed, without prejudice. /// 13 Plaintiff's RICO

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I. Plaintiff's Fraud Claim Plaintiff's fraud claim fails to comply with the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9. Plaintiff attempts to simply incorporate the preceding 139 paragraphs of the complaint and asserts boilerplate language tracking the elements of fraud.

(Complaint at 36).

Plaintiff tacitly concedes that the complaint

should be amended "to provide more specificity...including the actions of each defendant, the type of actions, and when those actions occurred." (Opposition at 11). Plaintiff's fraud claim is DISMISSED, without prejudice. J. Claims Based on California Civil Codes §§ 2923.5 and 2923.6 California Civil Code section 2923.5 requires, before a notice of default may be filed, that a lender contact the borrower in person or by phone to "assess" the borrower's financial situation and "explore" options to prevent foreclosure. Mabry v. Superior The right

Court, 185 Cal. App. 4th 208, 204 (Cal. Ct. App. 2010).

of action provided by section 2923.5 is limited to obtaining a postponement of an impending foreclosure to permit the lender to comply with section 2923.5. As the complaint alleges that the

Property has already been sold in a foreclosure sale, Plaintiff's claim under section 2923.5 is moot and is DISMISSED with prejudice. Unlike section 2923.5, section 2923.6 does not require lenders to take any action. Id. at 211 n.9. Plaintiff has no cause of

action under section 2923.6. prejudice.

Plaintiff's claim is DISMISSED with

ORDER For the reasons stated, IT IS ORDERED: 1) Plaintiff's TILA claims are DISMISSED, with prejudice; 14

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2) Plaintiff's RESPA claim is DISMISSED, without prejudice; 3) Plaintiff's debt collection claims under California's

RFDCPA and the federal FDCPA are DISMISSED, without prejudice; 4) Plaintiff's claims for unlawful foreclosure, quiet title, to set aside trustee's sale, and for cancellation of the trustee's deed are DISMISSED, without prejudice; 5) Plaintiff's slander of title claim is DISMISSED, with prejudice; 6) Plaintiff's civil conspiracy claim is DISMISSED, without prejudice; 7) Plaintiff's UCL claims are DISMISSED, without prejudice; 8) Plaintiff's RICO claims are DISMISSED, without prejudice; 9) Plaintiff's fraud claim is DISMISSED, without prejudice; 10) Plaintiff's Claims Based on California Civil Codes §§ 2923.5 and 2923.6 are DISMISSED, with prejudice, and 11) Plaintiff shall lodge a formal order consistent with this decision within five (5) days following electronic service of this decision by the clerk. Plaintiff shall file an amended

complaint within fifteen (15) days of the filing of the order. Defendant shall file a response within fifteen (15) days of receipt of the amended complaint.

IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: hkh80h October 8, 2010 /s/ Oliver W. Wanger UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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