Siegrist v. California Department of Corrections et al
Filing
73
FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS Recommending Defendants' 72 Motion for Summary Judgment be Granted signed by Magistrate Judge Stanley A. Boone on 09/19/2016. Referred to Judge O'Neill; Objections to F&R due by 10/24/2016.(Flores, E)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11
VANALBERT SIEGRIST,
12
Plaintiff,
13
14
v.
J.J. JOHNSON, et al.,
15
Defendants.
16
Case No.: 1:10-cv-01976-LJO-SAB (PC)
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDING DEFENDANTS‟ MOTION
FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT BE GRANTED
[ECF No. 72]
Plaintiff Vanalbert Siegrist is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action
17
18
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Currently before the Court is Defendants‟ motion for summary judgment, filed July 13, 2016.
19
20
I.
21
RELEVANT HISTORY
This action is proceeding on Plaintiff‟s second amended complaint against Defendants Nurse
22
23
Stringer and Doctor Nguyen for deliberate indifference to a serious medical need in violation of the
24
Eighth Amendment.1
25
26
27
28
1
Defendant Johnson was dismissed from the action, without prejudice, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m),
and Defendant Dutra was dismissed from the action because Plaintiff failed to exhaust the administrative remedies. (ECF
Nos. 52, 53, 55.)
1
1
After filing an answer to the complaint and the issuance of the discovery and scheduling order,
2
Defendants Stringer and Nguyen filed a motion for summary judgment on July 13, 2016. (ECF No.
3
72.) Plaintiff did not file an opposition within twenty-one days after the date of service of Defendants‟
4
motion, and the motion for summary judgment is deemed submitted for review without oral argument.
5
Local Rule 230(l).
6
II.
7
LEGAL STANDARD
8
Any party may move for summary judgment, and the Court shall grant summary judgment if
9
the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to
10
judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) (quotation marks omitted); Washington Mut. Inc. v.
11
U.S., 636 F.3d 1207, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). Each party‟s position, whether it be that a fact is disputed
12
or undisputed, must be supported by (1) citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including
13
but not limited to depositions, documents, declarations, or discovery; or (2) showing that the materials
14
cited do not establish the presence or absence of a genuine dispute or that the opposing party cannot
15
produce admissible evidence to support the fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1) (quotation marks omitted).
16
The Court may consider other materials in the record not cited to by the parties, but it is not required
17
to do so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3); Carmen v. San Francisco Unified Sch. Dist., 237 F.3d 1026, 1031
18
(9th Cir. 2001); accord Simmons v. Navajo Cnty., Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2010).
19
In judging the evidence at the summary judgment stage, the Court does not make credibility
20
determinations or weigh conflicting evidence, Soremekun, 509 F.3d at 984 (quotation marks and
21
citation omitted), and it must draw all inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party
22
and determine whether a genuine issue of material fact precludes entry of judgment, Comite de
23
Jornaleros de Redondo Beach v. City of Redondo Beach, 657 F.3d 936, 942 (9th Cir. 2011) (quotation
24
marks and citation omitted).
25
A verified complaint may be used as an opposing affidavit under Rule 56, so long as it is based
26
on personal knowledge and sets forth facts admissible in evidence. See Schroeder v. McDonald, 55
27
F.3d 454, 460 & nn.10-11 (9th Cir. 1995) (treating plaintiff‟s verified complaint as opposing affidavit
28
where, even though the verification was not in conformity with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, plaintiff stated
2
1
under penalty of perjury that the contents were correct, and the allegations were not based purely on
2
his belief but on his personal knowledge). In this case, Plaintiff‟s complaint was made under penalty
3
of perjury and is considered as evidence in evaluating Defendants‟ motion for summary judgment.
4
III.
5
DISCUSSION
Summary of Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint
6
A.
7
On June 11, 2009, Plaintiff told the medication line LVN that he was having disorientation and
8
equilibrium problems, severe depth perception issues, and other symptoms of something not right.
9
The medication line LVN told Plaintiff that if the problems persisted, he should let the medical staff
10
11
know and “she would see what she could do to get Plaintiff in to see the doctor.”
On June 12, 2009, Plaintiff tried to go directly to the clinic to see the doctor, and Dutra told
12
Plaintiff he “couldn‟t see [Plaintiff‟s] symptoms anyway.” Johnson agreed with Dutra and refused to
13
allow Plaintiff to see a doctor. Later that day, Plaintiff had “some kind of seizures” and fell off his
14
bunk bed, causing Plaintiff to “painfully bust[] up his knee . . . .” Plaintiff claims he still has scars on
15
his knee to this day as a result of the fall.
16
The next morning, on June 13, 2009, Plaintiff went to the medication line and informed
17
Defendant Stringer of the fall and that his symptoms were getting worse. Defendant Stringer told
18
Plaintiff he “was probably drunk” and “there was nothing they could do anyway.” At noon that same
19
day, Plaintiff again informed Defendant Stringer that his conditions were worsening, and “yet again
20
nothing was done to get Plaintiff in to see the doctor[.]” Plaintiff informed the evening medical line
21
LVN that his conditions were continuing to worsen, but the LVN “refused to let Plaintiff see a
22
doctor.”
23
The following morning, on June 14, 2009, Plaintiff went to the medication line and told
24
Defendant Stringer his symptoms had worsened, but was “denied access to the doctor on duty.” It
25
took Plaintiff [three] tries” to take his medications because of his worsening depth perception. That
26
afternoon Plaintiff again attempted to see a doctor which was denied by LVN Stringer. At the evening
27
medication line, Plaintiff informed an LVN that his symptoms were worse and things were getting
28
dangerous for him, but the LVN refused to allow Plaintiff to see a doctor.
3
1
At approximately 6:00 p.m. that evening, Plaintiff “blacked out and had several seizures.”
2
Plaintiff‟s cellmate “found [him] on the floor of his assigned cell . . . unresponsive.” Plaintiff was
3
taken to the hospital where, three days later, a doctor found Plaintiff‟s “Dilantin toxicity levels were at
4
least four to five times the high side of twenty” and diagnosed Plaintiff with “Dilantin toxicity.”
5
Plaintiff was informed the conditions he had complained of June 12 through June 14, 2009, were “side
6
effects from being over medicated on Dilantin and Diflucan that [were] prescribed by prison
7
physicians.”
8
Plaintiff was hospitalized for eleven days while his Dilantin toxicity levels were lowered to
9
“normal, safe, non-life threatening levels.” Dr. Griffin at the outside hospital wrote that the prison
10
medical staff must not prescribe Diflucan to Plaintiff any longer because “it almost killed him back at
11
Pleasant Valley State Prison (PVSP) Dr. Nguyen.” However, upon returning to Pleasant Valley State
12
Prison (PVSP), Defendant Nguyen “placed Plaintiff back on the same medication” despite Plaintiff‟s
13
objection because he did not know what else to do.
14
B.
Statement of Undisputed Facts2
15
1.
Plaintiff was treated at Pleasant Valley State Prison (PVSP) on March 17, 2009, by
16
Physician‟s Assistant Das, who noted Plaintiff‟s complaints of night sweats and body
17
aches. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 4, ECF No. 72-4.)
2.
18
Plaintiff was treated for possible Valley Fever and started on Diflucan that day at 400
milligrams daily to combat the Valley Fever. (Id.)
19
3.
20
Plaintiff was also taking Dilantin to control his seizures. (Pl.‟s Dep. at 11:23-12:6;
ECF No. 72, Ex. A.)
21
22
2
23
24
25
26
27
28
Plaintiff neither admitted or denied the facts set forth by defendant as undisputed nor filed a separate statement of
disputed facts. Local Rule 56-260(b). Therefore, the Court was left to compile the summary of undisputed facts from
Defendants‟ statement of undisputed facts and Plaintiff‟s verified complaint. A verified complaint in a pro se civil rights
action may constitute an opposing affidavit for purposes of the summary judgment rule, where the complaint is based on an
inmate‟s personal knowledge of admissible evidence, and not merely on the inmate‟s belief. McElyea v. Babbitt, 833 F.2d
196, 197-98 (9th Cir. 1987) (per curium); Lew v. Kona Hospital, 754 F.2d 1420, 1423 (9th Cir. 1985); F.R.C.P. 56(e).
Because plaintiff neither submitted his own statement of disputed facts nor addressed defendants‟ statement of undisputed
facts, the court accepts defendants‟ version of the undisputed facts where plaintiff‟s verified complaint is not contradictory.
The Court notes that concurrently with their motion for summary judgment, Defendants served Plaintiff with the requisite
notice of the requirements for opposing the motion. Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 939-41 (9th Cir. 2012); Rand v.
Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 960-61 (9th Cir. 1998).
4
1
4.
lung. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 4.)
2
3
An x-ray of March 17, 2009, showed pneumonia in Plaintiff‟s right lower lobe of his
5.
Plaintiff‟s Valley Fever test of March 26, 2009, was negative, but a follow-up lab test
4
of May 1, 2009, showed that Plaintiff did have a primary coccidioidal infection (Valley
5
Fever) which was well focalized. (Id.)
6
6.
Plaintiff passed out at PVSP on June 14, 2009, and was transferred to an outside
7
hospital, Coalinga Regional Medical Clinic (CRMC), with an altered mental status. (L.
8
Nguyen Decl. ¶ 6.)
9
7.
Dr. Nguyen was not on duty on June 14, 2009. (Id.)
10
8.
Plaintiff was given a CT scan of his head and cervical spine at CRMC which was
negative. (Id.)
11
12
9.
by Diflucan, Valley Fever, and reactive airway disease. (Id.)
13
14
10.
11.
12.
Dr. Nguyen assessed Plaintiff on June 26, 2009, upon Plaintiff‟s return to PVSP. (Id. ¶
7.)
19
20
Upon discharge from CRMC, his treating doctor, Dr. Paul Griffin, ordered that Plaintiff
be placed on 260 milligrams of Dilantin, daily, to avoid future Dilantin toxicity. (Id.)
17
18
Plaintiff was hospitalized at CRMC until June 25, 2009, when he returned to PVSP.
(Id.)
15
16
While at CRMC, Plaintiff was diagnosed with Dilantin toxicity, possibly exacerbated
13.
Plaintiff complained to Dr. Nguyen about the side effects of Dilantin and Diflucan after
21
being evaluated and treated for Dilantin toxicity, so Dr. Nguyen prescribed Diflucan
22
and Dilantin at much lower doses of 400 milligrams daily for Diflucan and 100
23
milligrams for Dilantin, with close monitoring with blood tests for Dilantin levels and
24
follow up visits. (Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:1-8; ECF No. 72, Ex. A.)
25
14.
Dr. Nguyen ultimately discontinued Plaintiff‟s Dilantin prescription on July 22, 2009,
26
because lab results for Plaintiff‟s Dilantin levels came back showing mildly elevated
27
Dilantin levels at 29.89 micrograms/ml. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 7.)
28
5
1
15.
Neurontin. (Id.)
2
3
16.
Plaintiff was also under the care of a Neurologist through PVSP‟s telemedicine clinic.
(Id.)
4
5
Plaintiff‟s seizure disorder was then being treated with the antiepileptics Kepra and
17.
Plaintiff was started on Dilantin again on September 9, 2010, by Dr. Taherpour per
6
recommendation from the neurologist because Plaintiff‟s seizures were not controlled
7
and Plaintiff had been off Diflucan since June 25, 2010. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 9; Pl.‟s
8
Dep. at 34:9-15; ECF No. 72, Ex. A.)
9
18.
Plaintiff was transferred to Twin Cities Community Hospital on November 29, 2010,
10
for Dilantin toxicity, seizure disorder, Ataxia, and a history of Valley Fever. (L.
11
Nguyen Decl. ¶ 10.)
12
19.
98 micrograms/ml. (Id.)
13
14
20.
Plaintiff‟s Dilantin level while at PVSP was only 70 micrograms/ml. at approximately
ten hours before he was admitted to Twin Cities Memorial Hospital. (Id.)
15
16
The hospital performed a lab workup of Plaintiff that showed a Dilantin level high of
21.
Medical personnel at Twin Cities Community Hospital noted that Plaintiff was being
17
given a relatively low dose of Dilantin at 200 milligrams daily, and they suspected that
18
the spike in Plaintiff‟s Dilantin levels to 98 may have been because Plaintiff was
19
storing his medication and taking it in lump dosages. (Id.)
20
22.
Dr. Breytenbach‟s assessment was that Plaintiff suffered from “Dilantin toxicity with a
21
Dilantin level increasing and most consistent with patient taking excess of his dosage
22
that should be 200 milligrams at night.” (Id.)
23
23.
cheek and then swallowing them later in a large amount.” (Id.)
24
25
Dr. Breytenbach also suspected that Plaintiff “likely [was] storing his medication in his
24.
Dr. Breytenbach‟s discharge orders stated that Plaintiff could be restarted on Dilantin
26
“at 200 milligrams daily, but his levels should be monitored and efforts should be made
27
to make sure the patient does not store or check his medication and take them at a later
28
time in lump.” (Id. ¶ 11.)
6
1
25.
were still high at 34 microgram/ml. (Id.)
2
3
Plaintiff‟s Dilantin was withheld on December 2, 2010, because his Dilantin levels
26.
Plaintiff was seen by the neurologist, Dr. Jumao, on December 7, 2010, because
4
Plaintiff‟s Dilantin prescription was not adjusted and Plaintiff was recommended for a
5
mental health evaluation to rule out suicidal gesture by recent Dilantin toxicity. (Id.)
6
27.
other medical providers in the prison on December 31, 2010, and January 6, 2011. (Id.)
7
8
28.
Dr. Nguyen knew that Plaintiff was placed on Dilantin for his seizure disorder and
Diflucan to treat his Valley Fever. (Id. ¶ 12.)
9
10
Plaintiff had refused taking Dilantin as documented on progress notes from visits with
29.
Dr. Nguyen was aware that the medications containing Diflucan have been known to
11
interact with drugs such as Dilantin, causing very delayed metabolism of the Dilantin,
12
thereby resulting in Dilantin toxicity. (Id.)
13
30.
Plaintiff was doing well on 800 milligrams of Diflucan daily as prescribed by Dr. OrtizSingh without having any signs and symptoms of toxicity. (Id.)
14
15
31.
Dr. Nguyen therefore refilled and continued the same dosage for Plaintiff. (Id.)
16
32.
Upon Plaintiff‟s return to PVSP from CRMC in June of 2009, Dr. Nguyen prescribed
17
Diflucan and Dilantin at much lower doses of 400 milligrams daily for Diflucan and
18
100 milligrams daily for Dilantin. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 13; Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:1-4; ECF
19
No. 72, Ex. A.)
20
33.
follow up visits, to help guard against Dilantin toxicity. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 13.)
21
22
Dr. Nguyen also ordered closed monitoring of Plaintiff‟s blood for Dilantin levels, and
34.
Dr. Nguyen ultimately discontinued Plaintiff‟s Dilantin prescription on July 22, 2009,
23
because Plaintiff‟s lab results showed mildly elevated Dilantin levels at 29.89
24
micrograms/ml. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 13; Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:5-8; ECF No. 72, Ex. A.)
25
35.
Dr. Nguyen was not deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff‟s medical needs when Plaintiff
26
suffered a second episode of Dilantin toxicity on November 29, 2010, because Plaintiff
27
was not Dr. Nguyen‟s patient at that time, and Dr. Nguyen was not treating Plaintiff.
28
(L. Nguyen Decl. ¶¶ 8, 14; Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:9-15; ECF No. 72, Ex. A.)
7
1
36.
¶¶ 8, 14.)
2
3
37.
Plaintiff‟s Dilantin prescription was for 200 milligrams daily at that time. (L. Nguyen
Decl. ¶ 14.)
4
5
Dr. Nguyen was assigned to a different area in the prison at the time. (L. Nguyen Decl.
38.
Dr. Breytenbach postulated that Plaintiff‟s Dilantin toxicity was not the result of a daily
6
200 milligram dosage, but that Plaintiff instead hoarded his Dilantin medication and
7
consumed it in a large dosage. (Id.)
8
39.
clinic at Pleasant Valley State Prison in June of 2009. (Declaration of M. Stringer
9
(Stringer Decl.) ¶ 3; ECF No. 72-5.)
10
11
Nurse Stringer worked as a licensed vocational nurse assigned to the Facility A medical
40.
Nurse Stringer was responsible for providing nursing services and distributing
prescribed medications to the inmates in Housing Units 3 and 5. (Id.)
12
13
41.
Nurse Stringer has encountered inmates who were acting peculiar. (Id. ¶ 4.)
14
42.
In those instances, Nurse Stringer asked the inmate-patient if he was drinking inmate-
15
manufactured alcohol or took medications that were not on his medication
16
administration record (MAR). (Id.)
17
43.
Any professional medical provider would ask such questions because it is important to
18
be able to eliminate potential causes of the patient‟s peculiar behavior in order to
19
properly diagnose and treat the true cause of the behavior. (Id.)
20
44.
doctor because those days were a Saturday and a Sunday. (Stringer Decl. ¶ 5.)
21
22
45.
46.
27
The TTA was notified that Plaintiff was found with an “altered level of consciousness”
at approximately 5:55 p.m. on June 14, 2009. (Id. ¶ 6.)
25
26
Plaintiff would have been sent to the Treatment and Triage Area (TTA) if he needed to
see a doctor that day. (Id.)
23
24
If Plaintiff were ill on June 13 or 14, 2009, he would have not been seen by a yard
47.
Nurse Stringer was not on duty when this occurred because her shift ended at 2:00 p.m.
that day. (Id.)
28
8
48.
1
Plaintiff was brought to the TTA at 6:15 p.m. that day and was examined by Registered
Nurse Roca. (Id.)
2
49.
3
Plaintiff was sluggish, slow to respond to stimulus, and unable to focus when examined
by Dr. Susan Pido shortly thereafter. (Id.)
4
50.
5
Dr. Pido ordered that Plaintiff was transferred to Coalinga Regional Medical Center
that evening for further evaluation. (Id.)
6
Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment
7
C.
8
Defendants L. Nguyen and M. Stringer move for summary judgment on the ground that they
9
did not violate Plaintiff‟s right to be free from deliberate indifference to his medical needs under the
10
Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Specifically, L. Nguyen argues that the
11
evidence shows that he provided Plaintiff the proper medical care, and Plaintiff cannot produce
12
evidence that M. Stringer was subjectively deliberately indifferent to his medical condition.
13
1.
Applicable Legal Standard
14
While the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution entitles Plaintiff to medical
15
care, the Eighth Amendment is violated only when a prison official acts with deliberate indifference to
16
an inmate‟s serious medical needs. Snow v. McDaniel, 681 F.3d 978, 985 (9th Cir. 2012), overruled
17
in part on other grounds, Peralta v. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076, 1082-83 (9th Cir. 2014); Wilhelm v.
18
Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1122 (9th Cir. 2012); Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006).
19
Plaintiff “must show (1) a serious medical need by demonstrating that failure to treat [his] condition
20
could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,” and (2) that
21
“the defendant‟s response to the need was deliberately indifferent.” Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122 (citing
22
Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096). Deliberate indifference is shown by “(a) a purposeful act or failure to respond
23
to a prisoner‟s pain or possible medical need, and (b) harm caused by the indifference.” Wilhelm, 680
24
F.3d at 1122 (citing Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096). The requisite state of mind is one of subjective
25
recklessness, which entails more than ordinary lack of due care. Snow, 681 F.3d at 985 (citation and
26
quotation marks omitted); Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122.
27
///
28
///
9
“A difference of opinion between a physician and the prisoner - or between medical
1
2
professionals - concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount to deliberate
3
indifference.” Snow v. McDaniel, 681 F.3d at 987 (citing Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th
4
Cir. 1989)); Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d at 1122-23 (citing Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332
5
(9th Cir. 1986)). Rather, Plaintiff “must show that the course of treatment the doctors chose was
6
medically unacceptable under the circumstances and that the defendants chose this course in conscious
7
disregard of an excessive risk to [his] health.” Snow, 681 F.3d at 988 (citing Jackson, 90 F.3d at 332)
8
(internal quotation marks omitted).
2.
9
Defendant L. Nguyen
Plaintiff claims that Dr. Nguyen “almost killed him” by prescribing the combination of
10
11
Dilantin and Diflucan medications for Plaintiff, and that Dr. Nguyen continued that prescription
12
combination after his return from the hospital because Dr. Nguyen “didn‟t know what else to do.”
13
(ECF No. 38, Sec. Am. Compl., at 7:25-28 and 8:2-6.)
Although Plaintiff claims that certain licensed vocational nurses did not allow him to be
14
15
examined by a doctor on June 11, 2009, Dr. Nguyen declares that he treated Plaintiff as his primary
16
care doctor on June 11, 2009, at PVSP.3 (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 5.) Plaintiff complained to Dr. Nguyen
17
of feeling ill with symptoms of Valley Fever that day. (Id.) Dr. Nguyen declares that Plaintiff did not
18
complaint of lightheadedness and trouble with his balance during this visit, which would demonstrate
19
possible Dilantin toxicity. (Id.) Plaintiff was diagnosed with Valley Fever
20
(coccidiodomycosis)/pneumonia, improving slowly, and stable seizure disorder. (Id.) Dr. Nguyen
21
was aware that Plaintiff had a seizure disorder without seizure activity since he had a prior clinic visit
22
at PVSP on May 12, 2009, with Dr. Ortiz-Singh. (Id.) Dr. Nguyen refilled Plaintiff‟s seizure
23
medications (Dilantin at 800 milligrams daily, as prescribed by Dr. Ortiz-Singh, and Neurontin) on
24
June 11, 2009, and continued Plaintiff‟s Diflucan prescription because there was no medical reason
25
26
3
27
28
The Court notes that Plaintiff‟s claim against Defendant Dr. Nguyen does not arise from any treatment or non-treatment
on June 11, 2009, and such information is provided purely as background facts leading up to his claim against Defendant
Nguyen. Indeed, these facts were relevant to Plaintiff‟s claim against Dutra-who has been dismissed from the action based
on Plaintiff‟s failure to exhaust the administrative remedies.
10
1
not to. (Id.) On the same date, Dr. Nguyen also ordered testing to monitor Plaintiff‟s cocci titer and
2
Dilantin levels to track the progress of his Valley Fever, and to guard against Dilantin toxicity. (Id.)
3
On June 14, 2009, Plaintiff passed out at PVSP and was transferred to an outside hospital,
4
CRMC, with an altered mental status. Dr. Nguyen was not on duty on June 14, 2009. (L. Nguyen
5
Decl. ¶ 6.) While at CRMC, Plaintiff was diagnosed with Dilantin toxicity, possibly exacerbated by
6
Diflucan, Valley Fever, and reactive airway disease. (Id.) Plaintiff was hospitalized until June 25,
7
2009, when he returned to PVSP. (Id.) Contrary to Plaintiff‟s claim, upon Plaintiff‟s discharge from
8
CRMC, his treating physician, Dr. Paul Griffin, ordered that Plaintiff be placed on 260 milligrams of
9
Dilantin, daily, to avoid future Dilantin toxicity. (Id.)
10
Upon Plaintiff‟s return to PVSP, and after Plaintiff complained to Dr. Nguyen of the side
11
effects of Dilantin and Diflucan, Dr. Nguyen prescribed 400 milligrams daily of Diflucan and 100
12
milligrams daily of Dilantin, with close monitoring including blood tests for Dilantin levels and follow
13
up visits. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 7.) Plaintiff‟s Dilantin was subsequently discontinued on July 22, 2009,
14
because the lab results revealed Plaintiff‟s Dilantin levels to be mildly elevated at 29.89
15
micrograms/ml. (Id.) Plaintiff‟s seizure disorder was then being treated with antiepileptics Kepra and
16
Neurontin. (Id.) Plaintiff was also under the care of a neurologist through PVSP‟s Telemedicine
17
Clinic. (Id.) Dr. Nguyen last provided care for Plaintiff on September 3, 2009, as Dr. Nguyen was
18
transferred to another area of the prison due to staff shortages. (Id. ¶ 8.)
19
On September 9, 2010, Plaintiff was started on Dilantin again by Dr. Taherpour on the
20
recommendation from the neurologist because Plaintiff‟s seizures were not controlled, and Plaintiff
21
had been off Diflucan since June 25, 2010. (Id. ¶ 9.)
22
On November 29, 2010, Plaintiff was transferred to Twin Cities Community Hospital for
23
Dilantin toxicity, seizure disorder, Ataxia, and history of Valley Fever. (Id. ¶ 10.) The lab work
24
performed at the hospital showed a high Dilantin level of 98 micrograms/ml. Plaintiff‟s Dilantin level
25
while at PVSP was only 70 micrograms/ml. approximately ten hour before he was admitted to Twin
26
Cities Memorial Hospital. (Id.) Medical personnel at the hospital noted that Plaintiff had been
27
prescribed a relatively low dose of Dilantin at 200 milligrams daily, and they suspected that the spike
28
11
1
in Plaintiff‟s Dilantin level may have been caused by Plaintiff storing his medication and taking it in
2
lump dosages. (Id.; Dr. Hendrick Breytenbach report, Ex. B.)
3
In Dr. Breytenbach‟s December 1, 2010, discharge order it was indicated that Plaintiff could be
4
restarted on Dilantin “at 200 milligrams daily, but his levels should be monitored and efforts should be
5
made to make sure the patient does not store or check his medication and take them at a later time in
6
lump.” (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 11; Dr. Hendrick Breytenbach report, Ex. B.) Plaintiff was not provided
7
Dilantin on December 2, 2010, because his Dilantin levels were still high at 34 microgram/ml. On
8
December 7, 2010, Plaintiff was seen by the neurologist, Dr. Jumao because his Dilantin prescription
9
was not adjusted and Plaintiff was recommended for mental health evaluation to rule out suicidal
10
gesture due to his recent Dilantin toxicity. It was subsequently noted that Plaintiff refused to take
11
Dilantin as documented on progress notes from visits with other medical providers in the prison on
12
December 31, 2010 and January 6, 2011. (L. Nguyen Decl. ¶ 11.)
13
Based on the uncontroverted evidence, there is basis to find that Dr. Nguyen was deliberately
14
indifferent to Plaintiff‟s serious medical needs by first initially prescribing Dilantin and then
15
subsequently placing Plaintiff back on Dilantin following his return from the outside hospital. In order
16
to rebut the evidence, Plaintiff is required to prove that Dr. Nguyen was actually aware of facts from
17
which an inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of harm for Dilantin toxicity existed, and that
18
Dr. Nguyen actually drew that inference, but nevertheless disregarded the risk to Plaintiff‟s health.
19
Farmer v. Brennan, 522 U.S. 825, 837-838 (1994). Plaintiff has failed to do so. Although Plaintiff‟s
20
complaint is verified and is considered an opposing affidavit, Plaintiff may not rely on general,
21
conclusory assertions set forth in his complaint to counter Defendant‟s specific evidence. Rather,
22
Plaintiff‟s medical records, and Dr. Nguyen‟s examination notes reveal that Dr. Nguyen believed it
23
was reasonable to continue with the dosages of Dilantin and Diflucan that Plaintiff was taking in 2009.
24
At the time Dr. Nguyen initially prescribed Dilantin on June 11, 2009, there was no medical reason to
25
change such prescription as there was no reason for Dr. Nguyen to suspect that Plaintiff was in danger
26
of Dilantin toxicity, and Plaintiff has presented no evidence to the contrary. There is likewise no
27
evidence that Dr. Nguyen acted with deliberate indifference in prescribing Dilantin after Plaintiff
28
returned to PVSP on June 26, 2009, from the hospital. Rather, upon Plaintiff‟s return Dr. Nguyen
12
1
reasonably treated Plaintiff more conservatively by prescribing 400 milligrams daily of Diflucan and
2
100 milligrams daily of Dilantin, with close monitoring with blood tests for Dilantin levels and follow
3
up visit. In fact, contrary to Plaintiff‟s claim, Dr. Nguyen‟s Dilantin prescription was much lower than
4
the 260 milligrams daily level that Dr. Griffin of Coalinga Regional Medical Center noted was safe.
5
Indeed, Plaintiff corroborated such finding at this deposition:
Q.
But we do know that Dr. Nguyen dropped [Dilantin] to 100 milligrams a day on June
25th when you came back from the hospital, right?
A.
6
Yes, he dropped it to 100 milligrams a day.
7
8
9
(Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:1-4)
Dr. Nguyen also discontinued Plaintiff‟s Dilantin prescription on July 22, 2009, because lab
10
11
12
results for Plaintiff‟s Dilantin levels came back showing mildly elevated Dilantin levels (L. Nguyen
Decl. ¶ 7), which Plaintiff acknowledged at his deposition.
Q.
Okay. And then he ultimately took you off [Dilantin] a relatively short time after that;
is that right?
A.
13
Yeah, I‟ll agree with that. I‟ll testify to that.
14
15
(Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:5-8.)
16
Plaintiff‟s medical records, and Dr. Nguyen‟s examinations of Plaintiff demonstrate that Dr.
17
Nguyen believed it was reasonable ton continue with the dosages of Dilantin and Diflucan that
18
Plaintiff was in June 2009. Dr. Ngueyn was aware that Plaintiff was taking those medications
19
together, and he was also aware that the combination of those medications could lead to Dilantin
20
toxicity, and that is why he also ordered testing to guard against such danger. Plaintiff has not
21
submitted specific evidence to refuse Defendant‟s description of the steps he took to address Plaintiff‟s
22
medical condition regarding his Dilantin levels, and Defendant has demonstrated that he acted
23
24
reasonably under the circumstances and based on Plaintiff‟s medical health records. Accordingly,
Defendant Dr. Nguyen is entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiff‟s claim that he acted with
25
deliberate indifference by prescribing certain medications to treat his medical conditions.
26
///
27
///
28
13
1
3.
Defendant M. Stringer
2
Plaintiff contends that on the morning of June 13, 2009, he went to the medication line and
3
informed Defendant Stringer of the fall and that his symptoms were getting worse. Defendant
4
Stringer told Plaintiff he “was probably drunk” and “there was nothing they could do anyway.” At
5
noon that same day, Plaintiff again informed Defendant Stringer that his conditions were worsening,
6
and “yet again nothing was done to get Plaintiff in to see the doctor[.]” Plaintiff informed the evening
7
medical line LVN that his conditions were continuing to worsen, but the LVN “refused to let Plaintiff
8
see a doctor.”
9
The following morning, on June 14, 2009, Plaintiff went to the medication line and told
10
Defendant Stringer his symptoms had worsened, but was “denied access to the doctor on duty.” It
11
took Plaintiff [three] tries” to take his medications because of his worsening depth perception. That
12
afternoon Plaintiff again attempted to see a doctor which was denied by LVN Stringer. Later that
13
evening, Plaintiff was found in an altered level of consciousness and was transferred to Coalinga
14
Regional Medical Center for further evaluation.
15
Defendant Stringer declares that she worked as a licensed vocational nurse to the Facility A
16
medical clinic at PVSP in June of 2009. (ECF No. 72-5, Stringer Decl. ¶ 3.) Nurse Stringer was
17
responsible for providing nursing services and distributing prescribed medications to the inmates in
18
Housing Units 3 and 5. (Id.)
19
Nurse Stringer does not recall Plaintiff complaining of being sick on June 13 or 14, 2009, or if
20
he appeared disorientated on those days. (Id. ¶ 4.) Nurse Stringer declares that she never accused
21
Plaintiff of being drunk when he allegedly complaint of being dizzy and weak, and she never told
22
Plaintiff there was nothing that could be done. (Id.) Nurse Stringer declares that she would consider
23
such a response to be highly unprofessional, disrespectful, and counterproductive to her treatment of
24
the inmate-patient, and not in the inmate-patient‟s best interests. (Id.) Nurse Stringer further declares
25
that she would have remembered if she encountered Plaintiff with an altered mental state, or if he
26
reported those symptoms to her, because those inmate-patient interactions stand out in her mind. (Id.)
27
28
14
1
However, if Plaintiff reported ill on June 13 or 14, 2009, he would not have been seen by a yard doctor
2
because those days were a Saturday and a Sunday, and Plaintiff would have been sent to the Treatment
3
and Triage Area (TTA) if he needed to see a doctor. (Id. ¶ 5.)
4
Nurse Stringer reviewed medical records from Plaintiff‟s medical file (Unit Health Record
5
(UHR)) in order to prepare her declaration. The UHR revealed that TTA was notified that Plaintiff
6
was found with an “altered level of consciousness” at approximately 5:55 p.m. on June 14, 2009. (Id.
7
¶ 6.) Nurse Stringer was not on duty when this occurred as her shift ended at 2:00 p.m. on that day.
8
(Id.) Plaintiff‟s UHR indicated that he was brought to the TTA at 6:15 p.m. that day and was
9
evaluated by Registered Nurse Roca. Plaintiff was sluggish, slow to respond to stimulus, and unable
10
to focus when examined by Dr. Susan Pido shortly thereafter. (Id.) Dr. Pido ordered that Plaintiff be
11
transferred to Coalinga Regional Medical Center that evening for further evaluation. (Id.)
12
Plaintiff‟s allegations raised solely in his complaint are overcome by the testimony presented
13
at his deposition, which belies his claim that Defendant Stringer acted with the requisite subjective
14
culpable state of mind to be deliberately indifferent to his medical condition.
15
At this deposition taken on April 7, 2016, Plaintiff testified, in pertinent part as follows:
16
Q.
Let me ask you about Nurse Stringer. What do you think Nurse Stringer should have
done?
A.
The only thing that she could have done would have been to have escorted me over to
the clinic on A facility and say hey, this inmate is claiming these symptoms, he needs to
go to TTA and be checked out or at least seen by the doctor there and maybe they
would have admitted me to TTA, and I could have got check out or – but that‟s – I
mean I‟m not going to stay that she had any more power than that. That‟s really the
only thing that she could have done, but taking me a little more serious than I felt I was
taken, you know. She might have just been joking, and I‟m sure she was just joking.
Nurse Stringer to me does not in my time there does not seem to me to have a mean
bone in her body. But like I said, I might be shooting myself in the foot with what I‟m
testifying to right now. But I could have like to have been taken more serious and at
least been taken over there to the clinic and say this inmate, this patient is having issues
and we need to find out what those issues are.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
(Pl.‟s Dep. at 34:16-35:10.)
As previously stated, in order for Plaintiff to demonstrate a genuine issue of material fact as to
liability against Defendant Stringer, he must demonstrate Stringer had actual, subjective knowledge of
28
15
1
an excessive risk of harm to Plaintiff, but failed to prevent it. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837-839. That is,
2
Plaintiff must prove that Defendant Stringer (1) was aware of facts from which a substantial risk of
3
serious harm can be inferred, and (2) she actually drew that inference. Id. at 837. However, Plaintiff‟s
4
deposition testimony demonstrates that he cannot create a genuine issue of material fact as to
5
Stringer‟s alleged deliberate indifference. Even assuming as Plaintiff contends in his complaint that
6
he reported symptoms of dizziness and weakness to Defendant Stringer, Plaintiff acknowledged that
7
she was “just joking” in her alleged response that he was drunk, and admits she could not have
8
formulated the requisite subjective intent because she does not have a “mean bone in her body.” (Pl.‟s
9
Dep. at 35:3-5.) Plaintiff‟s allegations, at most, demonstrate potential negligence on the part of
10
Defendant Nurse Stringer which does not give rise to a claim for deliberate indifference. See
11
Broughton v. Cutter Laboratories, 622 F.2d 458, 460 (9th Cir. 1980) (the indifference to [the
12
prisoner‟s] medical needs must be substantial. Mere „indifference,‟ „negligence,‟ or „medical
13
malpractice‟ will not support this cause of action.”) (citing Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 105-106
14
(1976)). Based on Defendant Stringer‟s declaration and Plaintiff‟s deposition testimony, the Court
15
finds that there is no genuine issue of material fact that Defendant Stringer did not act with deliberate
16
indifference to Plaintiff‟s health, and Defendant Stringer is entitled to summary judgment on
17
Plaintiff‟s claim.
18
IV.
19
RECOMMENDATIONS
20
Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
21
1.
Defendants Nguyen and Stringer‟s motion for summary judgment be GRANTED; and
22
2.
The Clerk of Court be directed to enter judgment in favor of Defendants.
23
These Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge
24
assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within thirty (30) days after
25
being served with these Findings and Recommendation, the parties may file written objections with
26
the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge‟s Findings and
27
Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time
28
16
1
may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir.
2
2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)).
3
4
IT IS SO ORDERED.
5
Dated:
6
September 19, 2016
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
17
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?