Warner v. W.M. Bolthouse Farms, Inc. et al.

Filing 10

ORDER TERMINATING AS MOOT 8 Plaintiff's Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis; FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS Dismissing Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint, signed by Magistrate Judge Jennifer L. Thurston on 8/17/2017. Referred to Chief Judge Lawrence J. O'Neill. Objections to F&R due within 14 days. (Hall, S)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 KENYON N. WARNER, Plaintiff, 12 v. 13 14 W.M. BOLTHOUSE FARMS, INC., Defendant. 15 16 17 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case No.: 1:17-cv-00217 - LJO - JLT ORDER TERMINIATING AS MOOT PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS (Doc. 8) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS DISMISSING PLAINTIFF’S SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT Kenyon Warner is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this action alleging wrongful 18 actions by his former employer, W.M. Bolthouse Farms, Inc. (Doc. 7) Because Plaintiff has failed to 19 allege facts sufficient to support his claims, and the Court finds further leave to amend would be futile, 20 it is recommended the Second Amended Complaint be DISMISSED without leave to amend. 21 I. Motion to proceed in forma pauperis Previously, the Court granted Plaintiff’s request to proceed in forma pauperis in the action. 22 23 However, Plaintiff filed another application to proceed in forma pauperis with the Second Amended 24 Complaint. (Doc. 8) Because Plaintiff is currently proceeding in forma pauperis, the additional 25 application is unnecessary. Accordingly, the motion is terminated as MOOT. 26 II. Screening Requirement 27 When a plaintiff proceeds in forma pauperis, the Court is required to review the complaint, and 28 shall dismiss the case at any time if the Court determines that the allegation of poverty is untrue, or the 1 1 action or appeal is “frivolous, malicious or fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted; or . . . 2 seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. 1915(e)(2). A 3 claim is frivolous “when the facts alleged arise to the level of the irrational or the wholly incredible, 4 whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts available to contradict them.” Denton v. Hernandez, 5 504 U.S. 25, 32-33 (1992). 6 The Court must screen the Second Amended Complaint because an amended complaint 7 supersedes the previously filed complaints. See Forsyth v. Humana, Inc., 114 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 8 1997); King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). 9 III. 10 Pleading Standards General rules for pleading complaints are governed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A 11 pleading stating a claim for relief must include a statement affirming the court’s jurisdiction, “a short 12 and plain statement of the claim showing the pleader is entitled to relief; and . . . a demand for the 13 relief sought, which may include relief in the alternative or different types of relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 14 8(a). The Federal Rules adopt a flexible pleading policy, and pro se pleadings are held to “less 15 stringent standards” than pleadings by attorneys. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 521-21 (1972). 16 A complaint must give fair notice and state the elements of the plaintiff’s claim in a plain and 17 succinct manner. Jones v. Cmty Redevelopment Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). Further, a 18 plaintiff must identify the grounds upon which the complaint stands. Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 19 U.S. 506, 512 (2002). The Supreme Court noted, 20 21 22 Rule 8 does not require detailed factual allegations, but it demands more than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation. A pleading that offers labels and conclusions or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do. Nor does a complaint suffice if it tenders naked assertions devoid of further factual enhancement. 23 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677 (2009) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 24 Conclusory and vague allegations do not support a cause of action. Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 25 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). The Court clarified further, 26 27 28 [A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” [Citation]. A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. [Citation]. The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks for more than 2 a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. [Citation]. Where a complaint pleads facts that are “merely consistent with” a defendant’s liability, it “stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’ 1 2 3 Iqbal, 566 U.S. at 678 (citations omitted). When factual allegations are well-pled, a court should 4 assume their truth and determine whether the facts would make the plaintiff entitled to relief; legal 5 conclusions in the pleading are not entitled to the same assumption of truth. Id. The Court has a duty to dismiss a case at any time it determines an action fails to state a claim, 6 7 “notwithstanding any filing fee that may have been paid.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915e(2). Accordingly, a court 8 “may act on its own initiative to note the inadequacy of a complaint and dismiss it for failure to state a 9 claim.” See Wong v. Bell, 642 F.2d 359, 361 (9th Cir. 1981) (citing 5 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal 10 Practice and Procedure, § 1357 at 593 (1963)). However, leave to amend a complaint may be granted 11 to the extent deficiencies of the complaint can be cured by an amendment. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 12 1122, 1127-28 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). 13 IV. 14 Factual Allegations Plaintiff alleges that on July 21, 2013, he suffered an injury “while employed with Bolthouse 15 Farms as a production worker.” (Doc. 7 at 5) He asserts he reported the injury to his supervisor, after 16 which he was “sent home and told to take a couple days off.” (Id. at 5-6) He returned to work on July 17 25, 2013 but was “still in pain.” (Id. at 6) Plaintiff alleges he was sent to a doctor, who “kept sending 18 [him] back to work with more [medicine] and restrictions.” (Id. at 7-8) He reports that he would work 19 but “within a few hours …would go right back to the doctor” due to his pain. (Id. at 9) 20 According to Plaintiff, he went to the Spine and Orthopedic Center on September 6, 2013, at 21 which time Dr. Moelleken prescribed a cane and back brace. (Doc. 7 at 9) In addition, Plaintiff alleges 22 Dr. Moelleken placed him on “TPD modified work duty.” (Id.) 23 Plaintiff asserts that the next day at work, he was “suspended…due to what a third party 24 employee stated.” (Doc. 7-9) Plaintiff alleges his “suspension was for three days but turned into 25 seventeen days.” (Id. at 9) He reports he was called in September 24, 2013, at which time he was 26 informed that an “investigation was conducted and it was determined that [Plaintiff] was involved in a 27 verbal confrontation with another employee.” (Id.) Plaintiff asserts his employment was then 28 terminated. (Id.) 3 1 V. Discussion and Analysis The sole cause of action identified by Plaintiff in his second amended complaint is negligence, 2 3 pursuant to 45 USCS §§ 51-58.1 (Doc. 7 at 4) Significantly, the provisions of 45 USCS §§ 51-58 apply 4 to the liability of common carriers by railroad, in interstate or foreign commerce. There is no showing 5 that Bolthouse Farms is such a carrier or that 45 USCs §§ 51-58 applies. 6 Moreover, to the extent Plaintiff seeks to state a negligence claim under California law, the 7 facts alleged fail to state a cognizable claim. Under California law, “[t]the statute of limitations for 8 anegligence action is two years.” Pimentel v. County of Fresno, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10117 at * 16 9 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 1, 2011) (citing Cal. Code Civ. P. § 335.1) “The statute of limitations for a negligence 10 action begins to run when a plaintiff has cause to sue based on knowledge or suspicion of negligence.” 11 Id. at *17 (citing Fox v. Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., 35 Cal. 4th 797, 803 (2005) (citing Bristol-Myers 12 Squibb Co. v. Superior Court, 32 Cal. App. 4th 959, 966 (1995)). Here, Plaintiff alleges his 13 employment with Bolthouse Farms was terminated on September 24, 2013. (Doc. 7 at 9) To the 14 extent Plaintiff seeks to state a negligence claim arising from his employment, he must have known of 15 the cause of action prior to September 24, 2013, yet failed to file a complaint against Bolthouse Farms 16 until February 15, 2017. Consequently, the statute of limitations has run on his claim for negligence 17 under California law. 18 VI. 19 Findings and Recommendations Plaintiff is unable to state a claim for negligence under 45 USCS §§ 51-58, and the claim fails 20 under California law due to the statute of limitations. Therefore, dismissal of the complaint is 21 appropriate. See Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1128 (dismissal of a pro se complaint without leave to amend for 22 failure to state a claim is proper where it is obvious that an opportunity to amend would be futile). 23 Based upon the foregoing, the Court RECOMMENDS: 24 1. Plaintiff’s second amended complaint be DISMISSED without leave to amend; and 25 26 27 28 1 Previously, Plaintiff sought to state a claim for disability discrimination in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. (See Doc. 1 at 4, 5; Doc. 4 at 5) The Court explained the applicable legal standards and the factual deficiencies of his claim when dismissing both the Complaint and the First Amended Complaint. (Doc. 3 at 3-4; Doc. 6 at 3-5) Plaintiff has now abandoned that claim. Indeed, Plaintiff seems to claim now that his termination resulted from a verbal altercation with a coworker rather than due to any response to his medical condition. 4 1 2. The Clerk of Court be directed to close this action. 2 These Findings and Recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 3 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Rule 304 of the Local 4 Rules of Practice for the United States District Court, Eastern District of California. Within fourteen 5 days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, any party may file written 6 objections with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 7 Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified 8 time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 9 1991); Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 834 (9th Cir. 2014). 10 11 12 13 IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: August 17, 2017 /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 5

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