San Mar Properties, Inc. v. Murray et al

Filing 6

SUA SPONTE ORDER REMANDING Action to State Court, signed by Chief Judge Lawrence J. O'Neill on 4/29/17. Remanded to Fresno Superior Court. Copy of remand order sent to other court. CASE CLOSED. (Gonzalez, R)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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SAN MAR PROPERTIES, INC.,

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1:17-CV-600-LJO-SKO

Plaintiff,

SUA SPONTE ORDER REMANDING
ACTION TO STATE COURT

v.
LASHUN LATRIC MURRAY, et al.,
Defendants.

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The undersigned revokes any actual or anticipated referral to a Magistrate Judge for the purposes

12 of Findings and Recommendations in this case.
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On April 28, 2017, Defendants Lashun Latrice Murray, Joseph Murry, and Antoinette Murry

14 filed a pro se Notice of Removal with this Court, seeking to remove an action from the Superior Court
15 for the County of Fresno. Doc. 1. For the following reasons, the Court sua sponte REMANDS this case
16 to the Superior Court of California for the County of Fresno.
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Under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a), a defendant may remove an action to federal court if the district

18 court has original jurisdiction. Hunter v. Phillip Morris USA, 582 F.3d 1039, 1042 (9th Cir. 2009). If at
19 any time before final judgment it appears that the district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case
20 shall be remanded. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction and can
21 adjudicate only those cases authorized by the United States Constitution and Congress. Generally, those
22 cases involve diversity of citizenship, a federal question, or where the United States is a party. See
23 Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co., 511 U.S. 375 (1994); Franchise Tax Bd. of State of Cal. v. Constr.
24 Laborers Vacation Trust for S. California, 463 U.S. 1, 8 (1983); 28 U.S.C. § 1442. Lack of subject
25 matter jurisdiction is never waived and may be raised by the Court sua sponte. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3);
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Snell v. Cleveland, Inc., 316 F.3d 822, 826 (9th Cir. 2002).

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In determining the presence or absence of federal question jurisdiction in removal cases, the

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“well-pleaded complaint rule” applies, “which provides that federal jurisdiction exists only when a

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federal question is presented on the face of the plaintiff’s properly pleaded complaint.” Caterpillar Inc.

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v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392 (1987). The removal statute is strictly construed in favor of remand and

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against removal. Harris v. Bankers Life and Cas. Co., 425 F.3d 689, 698 (9th Cir. 2005). Among other

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things, this means that the defendant always has the burden of establishing that removal is proper.

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California ex rel. Lockyer v. Dynegy, Inc., 375 F.3d 831, 838 (9th Cir. 2004). Federal jurisdiction must

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be rejected if there is any doubt as to the right of removal in the first instance. Gaus v. Miles, Inc., 980

10 F.2d 564, 566 (9th Cir. 1992).
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Here, Defendants are unable to establish federal question jurisdiction because the complaint filed

12 in the state court contains a single cause of action for unlawful detainer based on California Code of
13 Civil Procedure section 1161a. Unlawful detainer actions are strictly within the province of the state
14 courts. See PNC Bank Nat'l Ass'n v. Ahluwalia, No. C 15-01264 WHA, 2015 WL 3866892, at *4 (N.D.
15 Cal. June 22, 2015) (collecting cases). Therefore, Plaintiff’s complaint avoids federal question
16 jurisdiction. A defendant cannot create federal subject matter jurisdiction by adding claims or defenses
17 to a notice of removal. Vaden v. Discover Bank, 556 U.S. 49, 50 (2009) (federal question jurisdiction
18 cannot “rest upon an actual or anticipated counterclaim”); Valles v. Ivy Hill Corp., 410 F.3d 1071, 1075
19 (9th Cir. 2005) (“A federal law defense to a state-law claim does not confer jurisdiction on a federal
20 court, even if the defense is that of federal preemption and is anticipated in the plaintiff's complaint.”).
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The next possible basis for this Court’s jurisdiction is diversity. District courts have diversity

22 jurisdiction over “all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000,
23 exclusive of interests and costs,” and the action is between “(1) citizens of different States; (2) citizens
24 of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state; (3) citizens of different States and in which citizens
25 or subjects of a foreign state are additional parties; and (4) a foreign state . . . as plaintiff and citizens of
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a State or of different States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1332; see also Geographic Expeditions, Inc. v. Estate of

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Lhotka, 599 F.3d 1102, 1106 (9th Cir. 2010).

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Defendants cannot establish diversity of citizenship jurisdiction in this case. The complaint filed

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in the underlying unlawful detainer action unequivocally states that the amount in controversy is less

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than $10,000. When a state court complaint affirmatively alleges that the amount in controversy is less

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than the jurisdictional threshold, the party seeking removal must prove with “legal certainty” that the

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jurisdictional amount is met. Guglielmino v. McKee Foods Corp., 506 F.3d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 2007); see

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also Glassical Creations, Inc. v. Canter, No. CV 15-04358 MMM PJWX, 2015 WL 4127912, at *4 & n.

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10 (C.D. Cal. July 7, 2015). Defendants’ notice of removal does not provide any basis for a finding that

10 the amount in controversy exceeds the $75,000 threshold. The amount in controversy is determined
11 without regard to any setoff or counterclaim to which defendant may be entitled. Mesa Indus., Inc. v.
12 Eaglebrook Products, Inc., 980 F. Supp. 323, 326 (D. Ariz. 1997). Thus, the amount in controversy is
13 insufficient to provide this Court with diversity jurisdiction.
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Moreover, in removal cases where the purported basis of jurisdiction is diversity jurisdiction,

15 removal is not permitted where a defendant is a citizen of the state in which the plaintiff originally
16 brought the action (even if the opposing parties are citizens of different states). See 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b).
17 Here, Defendants list their address as 2255 S. Maple Ave. #122, Fresno California, and do not provide
18 any alternative basis for a finding of diverse citizenship.
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Accordingly, the Court REMANDS this case to the Superior Court for the County of Fresno for

20 all future proceedings.
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22 IT IS SO ORDERED.
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Dated:

/s/ Lawrence J. O’Neill _____

April 29, 2017

UNITED STATES CHIEF DISTRICT JUDGE
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