Dehuma v. Sisto et al

Filing 20

FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Craig M. Kellison on 06/14/12 recommending that petitioner's petition for a writ of habeas corpus 1 be denied. Referred to Judge Kimberly J. Mueller. Objections due within 14 days. (Plummer, M)

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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JUAN DEHUMA,

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No. CIV S-09-1230-KJM-CMK-P

Petitioner,
vs.

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

DENNIS KRIS SISTO, et al.,

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Respondents.

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/

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Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this petition for a writ of

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habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Pending before the court are petitioner’s petition

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for a writ of habeas corpus (Doc. 1), respondent’s answer (Doc. 15), and petitioner’s traverse

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(Doc. 16).

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In his petition, petitioner is challenging the 2007 decision by the Board of Parole

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Hearings finding him unsuitable for parole. Petitioner challenges the decision as a violation of

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his due process rights as the decision is not supported by some evidence that he is a current or

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unreasonable risk or danger to society, specifically that denying petitioner parole has manipulated

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his sentence into life without the possibility of parole by using inapplicable special circumstances

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aggravating factors, that the decision was basically a re-sentencing due to lack of good-time
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credits, and that the State court’s denial of habeas review was in contravention of Supreme Court

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authority.

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The issue of parole denials in California has specifically been addressed by the

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United States Supreme Court. Reversing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Hayward v. Marshall,

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603 F.3d 546 (9th Cir. 2010) (en banc), the Court observed:
Whatever liberty interest exists [in parole] is, of course, a state
interest. There is no right under the Federal Constitution to be
conditionally released [on parole] before the expiration of a valid sentence,
and the States are under no duty to offer parole to their prisoners. Id. at 7.
When, however, a State creates a liberty interest, the Due Process Clause
requires fair procedures for its vindication – and federal courts will review
the application of those constitutionally required procedures. . . .

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Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 U.S. ___, 131 S. Ct. 859, 862 (2011) (per curiam) (citing Greenholtz v.

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Inmates of Neb. Penal and Correctional Complex, 442 U.S. 1, 7 (1979)) (emphasis in original).

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The Court held:

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In the context of parole, we have held that the procedures required
are minimal. In Greenholtz, we found that a prisoner subject to a
parole statute similar to California’s received adequate process
when he was allowed an opportunity to be heard and was provided
a statement of the reasons why parole was denied. 442 U.S. at 16.
“The Constitution,” we held, “does not require more.” Ibid.
Cooke and Clay received at least this amount of process: They
were allowed to speak at their parole hearings and to contest the
evidence against them, were afforded access to their records in
advance, and were notified as to the reasons why parole was
denied. (citations omitted).
That should have been the beginning and the end of the federal
habeas courts’ inquiry into whether Cook and Clay received due
process. . . .

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Id.
The Court added that “[n]o opinion of ours supports converting California’s

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‘some evidence’ rule into a substantive federal requirement” and “it is no federal concern . . .

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whether California’s ‘some evidence’ rule of judicial review (a procedure beyond what the

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Constitution demands) was correctly applied” because “a ‘mere error of state law’ is not a denial

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of due process.” Id. at 862-63 (citing Engle v. Isaac, 456 U.S. 107, 121, n.21 (1982)). Thus, in

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cases challenging the denial of parole, the only issue subject to federal habeas review is whether
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the inmate received the procedural due process protections of notice and an opportunity to be

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heard. There is no other clearly established federal constitutional right in the context of parole.

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In this case, petitioner challenges the basis for the Board’s determination, not the

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process utilized. As discussed above, it is not the place of the federal court to rule on how

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California’s “some evidence” parole standard has been applied except to inquire as to the basic

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procedural guarantees. Petitioner does not argue that he was denied any of the procedural

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protections required by the federal constitution. Even if he did, the record clearly establishes that

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petitioner was provided with the basic Greenholtz protections of notice, an opportunity to be

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heard, and a statement of reasons for the decision. See Swarthout, 131 S. Ct. at 862. Because

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the federal constitution requires nothing more in the parole context, the petition must be denied.

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Based on the foregoing, the undersigned recommends that petitioner’s petition for
a writ of habeas corpus (Doc. 1) be denied.

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These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District

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Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within 14 days

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after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written

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objections with the court. Responses to objections shall be filed within 14 days after service of

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objections. Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal.

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See Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).

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DATED: June 14, 2012
______________________________________
CRAIG M. KELLISON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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