Adams v. Easley et al
Filing
118
ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Carolyn K. Delaney on 3/7/12 ORDERING that Plaintiff's renewed MOTION for Reconsideration, Amended MOTION for Reconsideration and MOTION and AMENDED MOTION for leave to file third amended complaint 104 , 106 , 111 , 112 , 117 are DENIED. IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that the MOTIONS to DISMISS 60 69 be granted; and this Action be closed. These Findings and Recommendations are submitted to U.S. District Judge Garland E. Burrell, Jr. Objections to these F&R due within fourteen days. (Mena-Sanchez, L)
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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TYRONE ADAMS,
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Plaintiff,
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No. CIV S-11-0826 GEB CKD PS
vs.
CHARLES EASLEY, et al.,
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ORDER AND
Defendants.
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Defendants’ motions to dismiss and defendants’ motion for sanctions are pending
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before the court. Upon review of the documents in support and opposition, upon hearing the
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arguments of plaintiff and counsel, and good cause appearing therefor, THE COURT FINDS AS
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FOLLOWS:
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In this action, plaintiff alleges claims against defendants arising out of the alleged
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mold contamination of his rental residence.1 The gravamen of the complaint is that plaintiff was
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constructively evicted because of the alleged uninhabitability of the premises. Plaintiff alleges
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claims under the Fair Housing Act for racial discrimination in the provision of services to a rental
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unit. See 42 U.S.C. § 3604(b), et seq. In addition, plaintiff invokes federal criminal and civil
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All but the defendants presently moving to dismiss (“Easley” defendants) have been
dismissed from this action.
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rights statutes and alleges state law claims predicated on fraud. The Easley defendants move to
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dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim.
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In order to avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain
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more than “naked assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements
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of a cause of action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-557 (2007). In other
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words, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory
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statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). Furthermore, a
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claim upon which the court can grant relief has facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570.
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“A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to
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draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 129
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S. Ct. at 1949. Plaintiff’s allegations do not meet this standard.
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Plaintiff cites several civil rights statutes in his amended complaint but sets forth
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no factual allegations that can support a claim under any of the cited provisions. Under 42
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U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985, plaintiff fails to identify an underlying constitutional right of which he
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has been deprived by the moving defendants, which is a necessary element of a claim under those
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statutes. See generally Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 140-141 (1979); see also Bray v.
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Alexandria Women’s Health Clinic, 506 U.S. 263, 267-268 (1993). In addition, plaintiff fails to
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allege the requisite state action on the part of the moving defendants so as to state a claim under
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42 U.S.C. § 1983. The allegations in the amended complaint do not meet any of the four tests
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articulated by the Supreme Court for determining whether a private party’s conduct constitutes
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state action. Franklin v. Fox, 312 F.3d 423, 445 (9th Cir. 2002) (state action can be found where
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person exercises coercive power, provides a service that serves the public, engages in joint
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action, or governmental nexus exists). Plaintiff’s claims under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1982 and
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the Fair Housing Act are fatally deficient in that he sets forth only conclusory allegations and
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does not allege facts supporting discriminatory animus or discriminatory effect of the allegedly
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wrongful actions. See generally Domino’s Pizza v. McDonalds, 546 U.S. 470, 475 (2006).
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Plaintiff’s fraud allegations are vague and incoherent; the allegations do not meet the pleading
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requirements under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b).
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Plaintiff also cites several criminal statutes in his complaint in support of his
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claims. However, the cited statutes do not provide a basis for criminal liability. See Aldabe v.
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Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 1980) (18 U.S.C. §§ 241 and 242 do not provide a basis
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for civil liability); see also Walker v. City of Lakewood, 272 F.3d 1114, 1128 (9th Cir. 2001)
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(section 3631 imposes criminal liability when one “by force or threat of force willfully injures,
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intimidates or interferes with, or attempts to injure intimidate or interfere with” fair housing
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rights). Because it does not appear that plaintiff can, consonant with the strictures of Federal
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Rule of Civil Procedure 11, amend the complaint to state a claim against the moving defendants,
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the motions to dismiss should be granted with prejudice.
Also pending before the court is the Sutter defendants’ motion for sanctions.2
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Defendants seek $21,342.86 in costs and attorney’s fees incurred in defending this action.
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Defendants contend an award of sanctions is appropriate under 28 U.S.C. § 1927 or alternatively,
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under the inherent authority of the court.
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As an initial matter, this court retains authority to impose sanctions even though
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the moving defendants have been dismissed. See Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S.
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384, 396 (1990) (determination of a collateral issue, such as the imposition of costs and
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attorney’s fees, “may be made after the principal suit has been terminated”); see also Williamson
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Family Trust v. CIT Group/Consumer Finance, Inc., 205 Fed.Appx. 616 (9th Cir. 2006)
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(voluntary dismissal does not divest court of jurisdiction to impose sanctions).
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28 U.S.C. § 1927 provides: “Any attorney or other person admitted to conduct
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cases in any court of the United States or any Territory thereof who so multiplies the proceedings
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in any case unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the court to satisfy personally the
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The Sutter defendants were dismissed by order of the court adopting the findings and
recommendations related to their motion to dismiss. Dkt. no. 38.
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excess costs, expenses, and attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred because of such conduct.”
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Sanctions may be imposed under this statute on a plaintiff proceeding pro se. See Wages v. IRS,
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915 F.2d 1230, 1235-1236 (9th Cir. 1990). Additionally, district courts have inherent authority
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to impose an award of attorneys’ fees and costs in cases where the losing party has acted in bad
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faith or vexatiously. See Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc’y, 421 U.S. 240, 258-
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259(1975). A finding of subjective bad faith is essential to an award of attorneys’ fees under
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either section 1927 or a court’s inherent power. See Moore v. Keegan Mgmt. Co. (In re Keegan),
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78 F.3d 431, 435-436 (9th Cir.1996) (section 1927); Primus Auto. Fin. Serv. Inc. v. Batarse, 115
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F.3d 644, 648-649 (inherent authority). “Sanctions are available for a variety of types of willful
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actions, including recklessness when combined with an additional factor such as frivolousness,
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harassment, or an improper purpose.” Fink v. Gomez, 239 F.3d 989, 994 (9th Cir. 2001).
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Whether plaintiff’s conduct in this litigation warrants an award of attorneys’ fees
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and costs to the moving defendants is a close question. Plaintiff has filed five lawsuits, three in
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federal court and two in state court, all related to his dispute regarding the rental premises. See
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dkt. no. 26 at 3:26-28, fn. 2. Plaintiff’s first federal action was filed in the Northern District of
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California on March 11, 2011. Virtually identical claims were then alleged in the complaint filed
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in the pending action on March 25, 2011. The third federal action, again duplicative of the other
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two federal actions, was filed April 5, 2011. In an order filed May 26, 2011, the court advised
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plaintiff that his pleadings were prolix and contained superfluous verbiage and limited an
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amended complaint to twenty pages. Despite these admonitions, the amended complaint filed
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June 23, 2011 comprised 52 pages which did not set forth a short and plain statement of
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plaintiff’s claims. The opposition to the Sutter defendants’ motion to dismiss was 38 pages and
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contained no substantive argument in opposition, consisting only of what appeared to be copies
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of passages from legal texts. In findings and recommendations filed September 1, 2011, plaintiff
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was warned his conduct was bordering on the vexatious. On October 25, 2011, dismissal of the
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third action as duplicative was recommended and the case was dismissed on February 23 2012.
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See Adams v. Easley, case no. 2:11-913 JAM EFB PS, dkt. no. 40. Despite plaintiff being
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cautioned by two different judges that his litigation tactics were duplicative, plaintiff thereafter
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filed numerous, meritless pleadings in this action, which ultimately resulted in an order filed
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January 4, 2012 limiting the documents plaintiff was allowed to file. In violation of that order,
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plaintiff then proceeded to file numerous pleadings, again prolix and almost incomprehensible,
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and all of which are meritless.3
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The court has carefully considered whether plaintiff’s tactics can support a finding
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of subjective bad faith. While it appears that plaintiff is earnest in his belief that he is entitled to
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legal relief for some perceived harm, his conduct in repeatedly filing meritless opposition and
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pressing the same issues over and over again raises an inference that plaintiff may be acting in
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bad faith. However, given plaintiff’s pro se status, the court has given plaintiff the benefit of the
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doubt and declines to make a finding of subjective bad faith on the present record. The court will
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therefore deny defendant’s request for costs and attorney’s fees.
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Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
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1. Plaintiff’s renewed motion for reconsideration, amended motion for
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reconsideration and motion and amended motion for leave to file third amended complaint (dkt.
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nos. 104, 106, 111, 112, 117) are denied;
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2. Defendants’ motion for sanctions is denied; and
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IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
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1. The motions to dismiss (dkt. nos. 60, 69) be granted; and
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2. This action be closed.
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In the span of little over a month, plaintiff filed a renewed motion for reconsideration,
an amended motion for reconsideration, a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint, an
amended motion for leave to file a third amended complaint, and numerous memoranda and a
request for judicial notice in support of the motions. Because the motions violate the court’s
January 4, 2012 order and are meritless, the motions will be denied.
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These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District
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Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within
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fourteen days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file
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written objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be
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captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and Recommendations." Any reply to the
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objections shall be served and filed within seven days after service of the objections. The parties
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are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal
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the District Court's order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).
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Dated: March 7, 2012
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_____________________________________
CAROLYN K. DELANEY
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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