Pleasanton Manor, LLC v. Drawing Board Ventures, Inc.
Filing
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FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Gregory G. Hollows on 1/30/15 RECOMMENDING that the action be remanded to Placer County Superior Court; the Clerk be directed to serve a certified copy of this order on the Clerk of the Placer C ounty Superior Court, and reference the state case number (MCV0062483) in the proof of service; and the Clerk be directed to close this case. Referred to Judge Kimberly J. Mueller; Objections due within 14 days after being served with these findings and recommendations. (Becknal, R)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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PLEASANTON MANOR, LLC,
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No. 2:15-cv-0233 KJM GGH PS
Plaintiff,
v.
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
DRAWING BOARD VENTURES, INC.,
Defendant.
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This action was referred to the undersigned pursuant to E.D. Cal. L.R. 302(c)(21). It was
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removed from state court on January 28, 2015 by defendant, based on federal question
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jurisdiction. Nevertheless, a district court has “a duty to establish subject matter jurisdiction over
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[a] removed action sua sponte, whether the parties raised the issue or not.” United Investors Life
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Ins. Co. v. Waddell & Reed Inc., 360 F.3d 960, 966 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Kelton Arms
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Condominium Assoc., Inc. v. Homestead Ins. Co., 346 F.3d 1190, 1192 (9th Cir. 2003). Because
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subject matter jurisdiction may not be waived by the parties, a district court must remand a case if
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it lacks jurisdiction over the matter. Kelton Arms Condominium Owners Ass’n, Inc., 346 F.3d at
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1192 (citing Sparta Surgical Corp. v. Nat’l Ass’n of Sec. Dealers, Inc., 159 F.3d 1209, 1211 (9th
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Cir. 1998)); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) (“If at any time before final judgment it appears that the
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district court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded”). Having reviewed the
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notice of removal, the court finds that the action should be remanded to state court due to lack of
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subject matter jurisdiction.
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Removal jurisdiction statutes are strictly construed against removal. See Libhart v. Santa
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Monica Dairy Co., 592 F.2d 1062, 1064 (9th Cir. 1979). “Federal jurisdiction must be rejected if
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there is any doubt as to the right of removal in the first instance.” Gaus v. Miles, 980 F.2d 564,
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566 (9th Cir. 1992). “The burden of establishing federal jurisdiction falls on the party invoking
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removal.” Harris v. Provident Life and Accident Ins. Co., 26 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 1994), overruled
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on other grounds by Leeson v. Transamerica Disability Income Plan, 671 F.3d 969, 979 (9th Cir.
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2012).
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A plaintiff may bring suit in federal court if his claim “arises under” federal law. 28
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U.S.C. § 1331. In that situation, the court has original jurisdiction. A state court defendant
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cannot invoke the federal court’s original jurisdiction. But he may in some instances invoke the
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court’s removal jurisdiction. The requirements to invoke removal jurisdiction are often identical
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to those for invoking its original jurisdiction. The requirements for both relate to the same end,
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that is, federal jurisdiction.
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Removal of a state court action is proper only if it originally could have been filed in
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federal court. 28 U.S.C. § 1441. “[F]ederal courts have jurisdiction to hear, originally or by
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removal, only those cases in which a well-pleaded complaint establishes either that federal law
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creates the cause of action, or that the plaintiff’s right to relief necessarily depends on resolution
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of a substantial question of federal law.” Franchise Tax Board v. Construction Laborers Vacation
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Trust, 463 U.S. 1, 27-28, 103 S. Ct. 2841, 2855-56 (1983). Mere reference to federal law is
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insufficient to permit removal. See Smith v. Industrial Valley Title Ins. Co., 957 F.2d 90, 93 (3d
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Cir. 1992) (“[T]he mere presence of a federal issue in a state cause of action does not
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automatically confer federal question jurisdiction”). Also, defenses and counterclaims cannot
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provide a sufficient basis to remove an action to federal court. See Vaden v. Discover Bank, 556
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U.S. 49, 60, 129 S.Ct. 1262, 173 L.Ed.2d 206 (2009); Berg v. Leason, 32 F.3d 422, 426 (9th
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Cir.1994); Takeda v. Northwestern Nat'l Life Ins. Co., 765 F.2d 815, 821–22 (9th Cir.1985); FIA
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Card Servs. v. McComas, 2010 WL 4974113 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 2, 2010) (remanding action
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removed by defendant on the basis that defendant’s counterclaim raised a federal question).
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Here, the exhibits attached to the removal petition establish that the state court action is
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nothing more than a simple unlawful detainer action, and is titled as such. (See ECF No. 1, at pp.
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10-13.) This court has no jurisdiction over unlawful detainer actions which are strictly within the
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province of the state court. Defendant’s removal petition incorrectly asserts that the state court
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action is a federal question action. (Id. at 2.) Defendant also asserts federal jurisdiction based on
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the “‘Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2009,’ 12 U.S.C. § 5220.” (Id.) Such averments
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do not establish federal question jurisdiction, especially since the complaint contains no mention
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of this act. Plaintiff, the apparent owner of the subject real property in Placer County, California,
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filed suit in the Placer County Superior Court on November 6, 2014, seeking to evict defendant
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from the property. (Id. at 10-11.) This court has no jurisdiction over unlawful detainer actions,
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which are brought pursuant to state law and fall strictly within the province of the state court.
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Furthermore, while defendant may seek to raise counterclaims based on federal law in
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response to plaintiff's unlawful detainer claim, any counterclaim based on federal law must
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generally be raised in the state court action and does not provide a basis for removal. “[A] federal
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counterclaim, even when compulsory, does not establish ‘arising under’ jurisdiction.” Id. In
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other words, federal question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 cannot “rest upon an actual or
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anticipated counterclaim.” Id.; see also Holmes Grp., Inc. v. Vornado Air Circulation Sys., Inc.,
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535 U.S. 826, 830, 122 S.Ct. 1889, 153 L.Ed.2d 13 (2002) (“[T]he well-pleaded complaint rule,
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properly understood, [does not] allo[w] a counterclaim to serve as the basis for a district court's
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‘arising under’ jurisdiction.”); Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. v. Construction Laborers Vacation Trust
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for Southern Cal., 463 U.S. 1, 10–11, n. 9, 103 S.Ct. 2841, 77 L.Ed.2d 420 (1983) (“The well-
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pleaded complaint rule applies to the original jurisdiction of the district courts as well as to their
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removal jurisdiction.”). Accordingly, based on defendant's removal filing, federal question
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jurisdiction is not present in this case.
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Defendant has not provided a sufficient basis to remove the action to federal court. Based
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on the aforementioned analysis, the court finds that remand is appropriate, because there is no
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subject matter jurisdiction.
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For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
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1. The action be remanded to Placer County Superior Court;
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2. The Clerk be directed to serve a certified copy of this order on the Clerk of the Placer
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County Superior Court, and reference the state case number (MCV0062483) in the proof of
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service; and
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3. The Clerk be directed to close this case.
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These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
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assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen
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(14) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written
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objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned
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“Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections
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shall be served and filed within seven (7) days after service of the objections. The parties are
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advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the
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District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).
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Dated: January 30, 2015
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/s/ Gregory G. Hollows
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UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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GGH:076/Pleasanton0233.rem
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