Neal v. State of California et al
Filing
15
ORDER and FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Kendall J. Newman on 08/29/18 DENYING 7 motion for irregular discovery; DENYING 9 plaintiff's motion to amend; DENYING 13 plaintiff's motion for an order directing def endants to accept service; and DENYING 10 defendants' motion to hold plaintiff's motions in abeyance. Plaintiff's complaint is dismissed with 30 days to file an amended complaint, in accordance with the order discussed above. Also, RECOMMENDING that plaintiff's motion for class certification 8 be denied. Plantiff's motion for injunctive relief 6 be denied. Motions 6 and 8 referred to Judge Kimberly J. Mueller. Objections due within 14 days. (Plummer, M)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11
ROBERT W. NEAL,
12
13
14
No. 2: 18-cv-1259 KJM KJN P
Plaintiff,
v.
ORDER AND FINDINGS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
STATE OF CALIFORNIA, et al.,
15
Defendants.
16
17
18
I. Introduction
Plaintiff is a state prisoner, proceeding without counsel, with a civil rights action pursuant
19
to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. On May 16, 2018, defendants removed this action from state court. (ECF
20
No. 2.) On June 4, 2018, plaintiff filed a motion for a preliminary injunction, a motion for
21
“irregular” discovery and a motion for class certification. (ECF Nos. 6, 7, 8.) On June 14, 2018,
22
plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file an amended complaint. (ECF No. 9.) On June 26, 2018,
23
defendants filed a motion to hold plaintiff’s pending motions in abeyance pending screening of
24
the original complaint. (ECF No. 10.) On July 16, 2018, plaintiff filed a motion for an order
25
directing defendants to accept service of the complaint. (ECF No. 13.)
26
For the reasons stated herein, plaintiff’s motion to amend is denied. After screening the
27
original complaint, the undersigned herein dismisses the original complaint with leave to amend.
28
Plaintiff’s motions for irregular discovery and for defendants to accept service are denied.
1
1
Defendants’ motion to hold plaintiff’s motions in abeyance is denied. The undersigned also
2
herein recommends that plaintiff’s motions for injunctive relief and class certification be denied.
3
II. Motion for Leave to File Amended Complaint
Plaintiff’s motion for leave to file an amended complaint is not accompanied by a
4
5
proposed amended complaint. As a prisoner, plaintiff’s pleadings are subject to evaluation by
6
this court pursuant to the in forma pauperis statute. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Because plaintiff did
7
not submit a proposed amended complaint, the court is unable to evaluate it. Accordingly, the
8
motion for leave to file an amended complaint is denied.
9
III. Screening of Original Complaint
10
A. Legal Standard for Screening Complaint
11
While defendants paid the filing fee, the court may still screen the complaint. See 28
12
U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). The court shall dismiss any claims that are frivolous or malicious, fail to
13
state claims upon which relief may be granted, or seek monetary relief against a defendant who is
14
immune from such relief. (Id.)
15
A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.
16
Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th
17
Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous when it is based on an
18
indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke,
19
490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully
20
pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th
21
Cir. 1989), superseded by statute as stated in Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130-31 (9th Cir.
22
2000) (“[A] judge may dismiss [in forma pauperis] claims which are based on indisputably
23
meritless legal theories or whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.”); Franklin, 745 F.2d at
24
1227.
25
Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “requires only ‘a short and plain
26
statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ in order to ‘give the
27
defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Bell Atlantic
28
Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 (1957)).
2
1
In order to survive dismissal for failure to state a claim, a complaint must contain more than “a
2
formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action;” it must contain factual allegations
3
sufficient “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Id. at 555. However, “[s]pecific
4
facts are not necessary; the statement [of facts] need only ‘give the defendant fair notice of what
5
the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93
6
(2007) (quoting Bell Atlantic, 550 U.S. at 555, citations and internal quotations marks omitted).
7
In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept as true the allegations of the
8
complaint in question, Erickson, 551 U.S. at 93, and construe the pleading in the light most
9
favorable to the plaintiff. Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974), overruled on other
10
grounds, Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 (1984).
11
B. Complaint is Not Short and Plain
12
With exhibits, plaintiff’s complaint is 240 pages long. (ECF No. 2-1 at 2-241.) The
13
complaint, minus exhibits, is 46 pages long. (Id. at 2-47.) After reviewing the complaint, the
14
undersigned finds that it does not contain a short and plain statement of the claims, as required by
15
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8. It is clear that plaintiff can state his claims in a much shorter
16
pleading. On this ground, the complaint is dismissed with leave to amend. The amended
17
complaint may be no longer than 15 pages.
18
C. Claim 1: Alleged Violation of Equal Protection Clause
19
In claim one, plaintiff alleges that he has been denied access to the same technologies as
20
his legal opponents. (ECF No. 2-1 at 16.) Plaintiff appears to raise an Equal Protection claim.
21
Legal Standard for Equal Protection Claim
22
The Equal Protection Clause requires the State to treat all similarly situated people
23
equally. See City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985). To prevail on
24
an Equal Protection claim brought under § 1983, plaintiff must allege facts plausibly showing that
25
the defendants acted with an intent or purpose to discriminate against him based upon
26
membership in a protected class. Thornton v. City of St. Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1166 (9th Cir.
27
2005). Plaintiff may also state an Equal Protection claim by alleging that similarly situated
28
individuals were intentionally treated differently without a rational relationship to a legitimate
3
1
state purpose. Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agr., 553 U.S. 591, 601-02 (2008).
2
Plaintiff’s Allegations in Support of Claim One
3
Plaintiff alleges that prison officials, at various prisons, have denied him access to
4
computer technologies, such as Word software. (ECF No. 2-1 at 8.) Plaintiff alleges that the
5
denial of access to computers with Word software requires him to prepare handwritten or
6
typewritten court pleadings. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that handwritten and typewritten pleadings are
7
“flawed documents” with many errors, compared to documents prepared on computers with Word
8
software. (Id.)
9
10
Plaintiff alleges that Word software is available at the Substance Abuse Treatment Facility
(“SATF”), but not at other prisons. (Id.)
11
Plaintiff also alleges that the California Institute for Men (“CIM”) Facility A law library
12
has three Law Library Electric Delivery System Legal Research (“LRCS”) computers in the law
13
library. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that three LRCS computers are not enough for all the inmates who
14
wish to use them. (Id. at 11.) Plaintiff alleges that inmates, including himself, do not have
15
sufficient time to sue the LRCS computers. (Id.)
16
Plaintiff also challenges the size of the SATF law library, which he claims is the size of a
17
large bathroom. (Id. at 12-13.) Plaintiff alleges that the small size of the law library causes
18
delays in filing court documents, flawed presentations and arguments. (Id. at 13.)
19
Plaintiff alleges that the law library at California Training Facility (“CTF”) has 4 LRCS
20
computers for 1700 inmates. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that because of the inadequate number of
21
LRCS computers, inmates at CTF do not have adequate access to the LRCS computers. (Id.)
22
Plaintiff seeks access to computers with Word software and the ability to cut and paste
23
large chunks of text, the ability to imbed hyperlinks, the ability to correct spelling and grammar
24
errors, the ability to add sections of text in the proper place within seconds, and with voice to text
25
software. (Id. at 18-19.)
26
Analysis
27
Plaintiff alleges that denying prisoners access to computer technologies to prepare their
28
legal pleadings, which are available to their “opponents,” violates the Equal Protection Clause.
4
1
Plaintiff also alleges that inadequate law library access violates his right to Equal Protection
2
because his “opponents” have adequate law library access. By “opponents,” plaintiff apparently
3
refers to lawyers, who are not incarcerated in prison based on felony convictions.
4
Plaintiff has not stated a potentially colorable Equal Protection claim for the following
5
reasons. First, prisoners are not a protected class. While prisoners can be members of a protected
6
class by virtue of their race, religion, or other recognized protected status, the fact that plaintiff is
7
a prisoner does not itself qualify him as a member of a protected class. See Webber v. Crabtree,
8
158 F.3d 460, 461 (9th Cir. 1998); see also Pryor v. Brennan, 914 F.2d 921, 923 (7th Cir. 1990)
9
(“Prisoners do not constitute a suspect class.”); Moss v. Clark, 886 F.2d 686, 690 (4th Cir. 1989)
10
(“The status of incarceration is neither an immutable characteristic, nor an invidious basis of
11
classification.” (internal citations omitted)).
12
Second, prisoners are not similarly situated to their legal “opponents.” See Hrbek v.
13
Farrier, 787 F.2d 414, 417 (8th Cir. 1986) (prisoners and non-prisoners are not similarly situated).
14
For these reasons, the undersigned finds that plaintiff has not stated a potentially colorable Equal
15
Protection claim.
16
17
18
D. Claim 2: Alleged Denial of Access to Education, Rehabilitation and Early Release
Opportunities
In claim two, plaintiff alleges that he has been denied access to education, rehabilitation
19
and early release opportunities. (ECF No. 2-1 at 27.) Plaintiff alleges that he went to the
20
Educational Department on CIM Facility A to enroll in college and, just like at SATF, he was told
21
that there were no available e-readers for him to use. (Id. at 12.) Plaintiff was told that Facility A
22
had 45 e-readers for the 300 plus inmates who enroll each semester but cannot afford college
23
books. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that he attempted to go to college at CTF, but was told that there
24
were no e-readers available. (Id. at 15.)
25
It appears that the grounds of plaintiff’s claim alleging denial of access to early release
26
opportunities are the same as his claims alleging denial of access to education and rehabilitation.
27
There is no constitutional right to education or rehabilitation in prison. Rhodes v. Chapman, 452
28
U.S. 337, 348 (1981) (deprivation of rehabilitation and educational programs does not violate
5
1
Eighth Amendment). Plaintiff has therefore failed to state a potentially colorable claim for relief
2
with regard to the alleged denial of access to education and rehabilitation.
3
E. Claim E: Alleged Denial of Right to Acquire Property
4
In claim three, plaintiff alleges that he has been denied the right to acquire property. (ECF
5
No. 2-1 at 29.) Plaintiff alleges that prison officials have policies that prevent California
6
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (“CDCR”) Trust and Accounting Staff from
7
placing online purchases for inmates. (Id. at 29.) Plaintiff alleges that he has been denied access
8
to online vendors, such as Amazon. (Id. at 30.) Plaintiff alleges that his inability to purchase
9
property from on-line vendors interferes with his right to education, rehabilitation and early
10
release. (Id. at 29.)
11
As discussed above, plaintiff does not have an Eighth Amendment right to education and
12
rehabilitation. Thus, plaintiff’s inability to purchase on-line products does not state a potentially
13
colorable Eighth Amendment claim.
14
Plaintiff may be claiming that his inability to access on-line vendors violates his right to
15
due process. While the Due Process Clause protects persons against deprivations of life, liberty
16
and property without due process of law, it does not guarantee prisoners a right to purchase
17
property from on-line vendors, i.e., outside vendors, or to purchase property at all. See Torres v.
18
Cate, 2013 WL 1097997 at *2 (N.D. Cal. 2013). Accordingly, plaintiff has not stated a
19
potentially colorable due process claim based on his inability to access on-line vendors.
20
F. Claim 4: Alleged Denial of Right to Vote
21
In claim four, plaintiff alleges that he has been denied his right to vote. (ECF No. 2-1 at
22
32.) To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential elements:
23
(1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that
24
the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. West v.
25
Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988).
26
The Constitution allows a state to exclude from the franchise those convicted of a crime,
27
including those who have completed their sentences and paroles. Richardson v. Ramirez, 418
28
U.S. 24, 56 (1974). Under California law, persons imprisoned or on parole for the conviction of a
6
1
felony are not entitled to register to vote. Cal. Elec. Code § 2101. Plaintiff is, presumably,
2
imprisoned based on a felony conviction. Accordingly, his claim that his right to vote has been
3
denied does not state a potentially colorable claim for relief.
4
G. Claim 5: Alleged Denial of Right to Access the Courts
5
Legal Standard for Claim Alleging Violation of Right to Access the Courts
6
Inmates have a fundamental constitutional right of access to the courts and prison officials
7
may not actively interfere with plaintiff's right to litigate. Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 346
8
(1996); Phillips v. Hust, 588 F.3d 652, 655 (9th Cir. 2009). Courts have traditionally
9
differentiated between two types of access claims, those involving the right to affirmative
10
assistance, and those involving an inmate's right to litigate without active interference. Silva v.
11
Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1102 (9th Cir. 2011), overruled on other grounds as stated by Richey
12
v. Dahne, 807 F.3d 1202, 1209 n. 6 (9th Cir. 2015).
13
The right to assistance is limited to direct criminal appeals, habeas petitions, and civil
14
rights actions. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 354. Prisoners also have the right to pursue claims that have a
15
reasonable basis in law or fact without active interference by prison officials. Silva, 658 F.3d at
16
1103–04 (finding that repeatedly transferring the plaintiff to different prisons and seizing and
17
withholding all of his legal files constituted active interference where the prisoner alleged cases
18
had been dismissed). This right forbids state actors from erecting barriers that impede the right of
19
access to the courts by incarcerated persons. Silva, 658 F.3d at 1102 (internal quotations
20
omitted).
21
In both types of access to the courts claims, the defendant's actions must have been the
22
proximate cause of actual prejudice to the plaintiff. Silva, 658 F.3d at 1103–04. To state a viable
23
claim for relief, a plaintiff must show that he suffered an actual injury, which requires “actual
24
prejudice to contemplated or existing litigation” by being shut out of court. Nevada Dep't of
25
Corr. v. Greene, 648 F.3d 1014, 1018 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing Lewis, 518 U.S. at 348, 351);
26
Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 415 (2002); Phillips, 588 F.3d at 655. For example, a
27
delay in filing a legal document without any attendant adverse consequences does not constitute
28
actual harm. Vigliotto v. Terry, 873 F.2d 1201, 1202 (9th Cir. 1989). The Ninth Circuit
7
1
explained this actual injury requirement: as follows herein
2
[T]he Supreme Court has cautioned that despite some past
imprecision in its articulation of the protection, access-to-courts
rights do not exist in an “abstract, freestanding” form. Lewis, 518
U.S. at 351. Instead, they are tethered to principles of Article III
standing. See id. (remarking that “actual injury is apparent on the
face of almost all the opinions in the 35–year line of access-to-courts
cases”). [footnote omitted.] For there to be a judicially cognizable
injury, “the party before [the court] must seek a remedy for a personal
and tangible harm.” Hollingsworth v. Perry, 133 S.Ct. 2652, 2661
(2013) (emphasis added); see also New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747,
767 (1982) (describing “the personal nature of constitutional rights”
as a “cardinal principle[ ] of our constitutional order”).
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
See Blaisdell v. Frappiea, 729 F.3d 1237, 1244 (9th Cir. 2013) (one plaintiff cannot vicariously
assert an access-to-the court claim on behalf of another).
11
Analysis
12
Plaintiff’s allegations in support of his claim alleging denial of the right to access the
13
courts are the same as those set forth above in support of his equal protection claim.
14
Plaintiff does not allege that he suffered any actual prejudice as a result of the alleged
15
inadequate law library access and inadequate access to computers. Plaintiff does not allege that
16
his inability to access computers with Word software actually prejudiced any pending or
17
contemplated litigation. Plaintiff does not allege that he was “shut out of court” as a result of the
18
alleged deprivations. For these reasons, the undersigned finds that plaintiff has not stated a
19
potentially colorable claim for denial of access to the courts.
20
H. Claim 6: Alleged Failure to Enact Policies
21
In claim six, plaintiff alleges defendants failed to enact policies recognizing
22
unconstitutional behavior and civil rights violations. (ECF No. 2-1 at 42.) Plaintiff appears to
23
claim that the alleged failure to enact adequate policies led to the constitutional deprivations
24
alleged in claims one through five. However, plaintiff has failed to state potentially colorable
25
claims for relief in claims one through five. For this reason, claim six is also not potentially
26
colorable.
27
////
28
////
8
1
I. Conclusion
2
Plaintiff’s complaint is dismissed with leave to amend. As discussed above, the amended
3
complaint may be no longer than fifteen pages. Plaintiff is not required to attach exhibits to the
4
amended complaint. Plaintiff may not rely on exhibits to state his claims.
5
As discussed herein, the undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s motion for class
6
certification be denied. Therefore, the amended complaint shall contain no class-based claims. In
7
other words, the amended complaint shall allege constitutional violations suffered by plaintiff
8
only.
9
If plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, plaintiff must demonstrate how the conditions
10
about which he complains resulted in a deprivation of plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See e.g.,
11
West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). Also, the complaint must allege in specific terms how
12
each named defendant is involved. Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 371 (1976). There can be no
13
liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 unless there is some affirmative link or connection between a
14
defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. Rizzo, 423 U.S. at 371; May v. Enomoto, 633
15
F.2d 164, 167 (9th Cir. 1980); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Furthermore,
16
vague and conclusory allegations of official participation in civil rights violations are not
17
sufficient. Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982).
18
In addition, plaintiff is informed that the court cannot refer to a prior pleading in order to
19
make plaintiff’s amended complaint complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended
20
complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. This requirement exists
21
because, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Ramirez
22
v. County of San Bernardino, 806 F.3d 1002, 1008 (9th Cir. 2015) (“an ‘amended complaint
23
supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.’” (internal citation
24
omitted)). Once plaintiff files an amended complaint, the original pleading no longer serves any
25
function in the case. Therefore, in an amended complaint, as in an original complaint, each claim
26
and the involvement of each defendant must be sufficiently alleged.
27
////
28
////
9
1
IV. Plaintiff’s Motion for Irregular Discovery and Motion for Defendants to Accept Service
2
In the motion for irregular discovery, plaintiff requests permission to serve a questionnaire
3
on potential class members regarding the claims raised in this action. (ECF No. 7.) Because the
4
undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s motion for class certification be denied, plaintiff’s
5
related motion for irregular discovery is denied.
6
In the motion for defendants to accept service, plaintiff requests that defendants be
7
ordered to accept service of the complaint. (ECF No. 13.) Plaintiff’s motion is premature
8
because plaintiff has not filed a complaint containing potentially colorable claims. Once plaintiff
9
files a complaint containing potentially colorable claims, the undersigned will determine which
10
defendants require service. Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion for defendants to accept service is
11
denied.
12
V. Defendants’ Motion to Hold Plaintiff’s Motions in Abeyance Pending Screening
13
Defendants request that the court hold plaintiff’s motions to amend, motion for injunctive
14
relief, motion for class certification and motion for irregular discovery in abeyance pending
15
screening of the complaint. Defendants argue that the screening order may resolve some, or all,
16
of the issues raised in plaintiff’s motions. The undersigned observes that plaintiff filed his motion
17
for defendants to accept service after defendants filed the motion to hold plaintiff’s pending
18
motions in abeyance.
19
In the instant order, the undersigned has screened plaintiff’s complaint and addressed
20
plaintiff’s pending motions. Thus, defendants’ motion to hold plaintiff’s motions in abeyance is
21
denied as unnecessary.
22
VI. Plaintiff’s Motion for Injunctive Relief
23
Legal Standard for Motion for Injunctive Relief
24
A plaintiff may demonstrate eligibility for preliminary injunctive relief by showing (1) a
25
likelihood of success on the merits; (2) a likelihood of irreparable harm in the absence of
26
preliminary relief; (3) the balance of equities tips in the plaintiff's favor; and (4) a preliminary
27
injunction is in the public interest. Winter v. Nat'l Resources Def. Council, 555 U.S. 7, 21
28
(2008). Alternatively, under the Ninth Circuit's “sliding scale” approach to preliminary
10
1
injunctions, a plaintiff may obtain preliminary injunctive relief by showing “serious questions
2
going to the merits,” that “the balance of hardships tips sharply in the plaintiff's favor,” a
3
likelihood of irreparable harm, and that the injunction is in the public interest. All. for the Wild
4
Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1134-35 (9th Cir. 2011). Whichever formulation of the test
5
applies, “[a] preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy never awarded as of right, and the
6
grant of a preliminary injunction is a matter committed to the discretion of the trial judge[.]”
7
Epona v. Cty. of Ventura, 876 F.3d 1214, 1227 (9th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks and
8
citations omitted) (alterations normalized).
9
10
Analysis
Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief regarding law library access, access to computers in the
11
law library, access to on-line colleges and e-readers, and other claims raised in the complaint.
12
(See ECF No. 6 at 10-12.)
13
For the reasons discussed above, plaintiff has not shown a likelihood of success as to the
14
merits of the claims raised in the complaint. Plaintiff has also not shown serious questions going
15
to the merits such that the balance of hardships tips in his favor. For these reasons, the
16
undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s motion for injunctive relief be denied.
17
VII. Motion for Class Certification
18
Plaintiff has filed a motion for class certification. (ECF No. 8.) Plaintiff, however, is a
19
non-lawyer proceeding without counsel. It is well established that a layperson cannot ordinarily
20
represent the interests of a class. See McShane v. United States, 366 F.2d 286 (9th Cir. 1966).
21
This rule becomes almost absolute when, as here, the putative class representative is incarcerated
22
and proceeding pro se. Oxendine v. Williams, 509 F.2d 1405, 1407 (4th Cir. 1975). In direct
23
terms, plaintiff cannot “fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class,” as required by
24
Rule 23(a)(4) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Martin v. Middendorf, 420 F. Supp.
25
779 (D.D.C. 1976). Accordingly, the motion for class certification should be denied.
26
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
27
1. Plaintiff’s motion for irregular discovery (ECF No. 7) is denied;
28
2. Plaintiff’s motion to amend (ECF No. 9) is denied;
11
3. Plaintiff’s motion for an order directing defendants to accept service (ECF No. 13) is
1
2
denied;
3
4. Defendants’ motion to hold plaintiff’s motions in abeyance (ECF No. 10) is denied;
4
5. Plaintiff’s complaint is dismissed with thirty days to file an amended complaint, in
5
accordance with the order discussed above; failure to file an amended complaint within that time
6
will result in a recommendation of dismissal of this action;
7
IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
8
1. Plaintiff’s motion for class certification (ECF No. 8) be denied;
9
2. Plaintiff’s motion for injunctive relief (ECF No. 6) be denied.
10
These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
11
assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days
12
after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written
13
objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned
14
“Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any response to the
15
objections shall be filed and served within fourteen days after service of the objections. The
16
parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to
17
appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).
18
Dated: August 29, 2018
19
20
21
22
Neal1259.ord
23
24
25
26
27
28
12
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?