Overture Services, Inc. v. Google Inc.

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MOTION to Compel Production of Documents and Testimony Re: Prosecution of the '361 Patent; Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support Thereof [REDACTED VERSION] filed by Google Inc.. Motion Hearing set for 8/3/2004 09:00 AM. (Keker, John) (Filed on 6/29/2004)

Overture Services, Inc. v. Google Inc.

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KEKER & VAN NEST, LLP JOHN W. KEKER - #49092 DARALYN J. DURIE - #169825 CHRISTINE P. SUN - #218701 710 Sansome Street San Francisco, CA 94111-1704 Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone] Attorneys for Defendant and Counterclaimant GOOGLE INC. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION

OVERTURE SERVICES, INC., Plaintiff and Counterdefendant, v. GOOGLE INC., Defendant and Counterclaimant.

Case No. C 02-01991 JSW (EDL) NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO COMPEL PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND TESTIMONY RE: PROSECUTION OF THE `361 PATENT; MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT THEREOF [REDACTED VERSION] Date: August 3, 2004 Time: 9 a.m. Courtroom: E, 15th Floor Judge: Hon. Elizabeth D. Laporte

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ......................................................................................................... iii NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION ....................................................................................... vi MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES .................................................................1 I. II. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 RELEVANT BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................2 A. B. Overture Launches a "Pay for Performance" Search Engine ..................................2 More Than a Year After The Launch of Its Paid Listing Search Engine, Overture Files The `361 Patent Application...............................................3 1. 2. 3. Brinks Hofer Quickly Files a Petition To Make Special, Supported by Mr. Davis' Rule 102 Declaration ..........................................4 Relying on Overture's Pre-Critical Date System, The Examiner Repeatedly Rejects The Patent Claims ........................................................5 Overture Overcomes The Rejections By Mischaracterizing The Pre-Critical Date System..............................................................................6

In the Present Litigation, Mr. Davis Reveals That He Lacked Personal Knowledge of the Pre-Critical Date System............................................................8 Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee Disclose Attorney-Client Communications, Mental Impressions, and Legal Analysis During Their Depositions.......................9 1. Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee Testify About The Pre-Critical Date System, Mr. Davis' Rule 132 Declaration, and Mr. Davis' Knowledge ...................................................................................................9 a. Brinks Hofer's Assessment of The Pre-Critical Date System and Its Effect On The Patentability of The `361 Application.......................................................................................9 Brinks Hofer's Assessment of and Communications With Mr. Davis About The Accuracy of Mr. Davis' Declarations ...................................................................................12

Overture Belatedly Asserts Privilege On Its Privilege Log and During Mr. Naughton's Deposition ...........................................................13

ARGUMENT.....................................................................................................................14 A. Overture Has Waived Attorney-Client Privilege On The Subject of The `361 Patent Prosecution ..................................................................................14

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

The Disclosures Revealed Substantive Attorney-Client Communications ........................................................................................14 Overture's Disclosure Effects A Waiver Over The Subject Matter of The `361 Patent Prosecution ......................................................15

Google Is Entitled To "Work Product" Documents Related To The `361 Patent Prosecution .........................................................................................17 1. Overture Has Not Made a Prima Facie Showing That Brinks Hofer's `361 Patent Prosecution Files Are Protected By The Work Product Immunity ............................................................................17 Even If The Prosecution Files Constitute Attorney Work Product, Google Has a Compelling Need For The Documents .................17 Overture Should Not Be Permitted To Selectively Apply The Privilege To Prohibit Mr. Naughton's Testimony .....................................18

Mr. Davis' Statements In Connection With The Petition To Make Special Waived Privilege.......................................................................................19 The Crime-Fraud Exception Vitiates Any Privilege Over The `361 Prosecution Documents .........................................................................................19 1. Google Has Made a Prima Facie Showing That Mr. Davis' Statements About The Features of The Pre-Critical Date System Were Made With Deceptive Intent ...............................................21 Google Has Made a Prima Facie Showing That Mr. Rauch's Mischaracterization of Mr. Davis' Declaration Was Made With Deceptive Intent .........................................................................................22 Google Has Made a Prima Facie Showing That Mr. Davis' Statements Regarding His Knowledge Of The Pre-Critical Date System Were Made With Deceptive Intent ...............................................23

CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................25

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES FEDERAL CASES ACLARA Biosciences, Inc. v. Caliper Tech. Corp., 2001 WL 777083 (N.D. Cal. June 16, 2000)...........................................................15, 16, 17, 18 Bio-Rad Laboratoriess, Inc. v. Pharmacia, Inc., 130 F.R.D. 116 (N.D. Cal. 1990).........................................................................................17, 18 Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc., 1998 WL 175929 (S.D.N.Y.)...............................................................................................21, 23 Bulk-Lift International, Inc. v. Flexcon & System, Inc., 122 F.R.D. 493 (W.D. La. 1988) ...............................................................................................20 Chevron Corp. v. Pennzoil Co., 974 F.2d 1156 (9th Cir. 1992) ...................................................................................................15 Conner Peripherals, Inc. v. Western Digital Corp., 1993 WL 726815 (N.D. Cal. June 8, 1993)...............................................................................17 General Electro Music Corp. v. Samick Music Corp., 19 F.3d 1405 (Fed. Cir. 1994) ...................................................................................................21 In re Brand Name Prescription Drugs Antitrust Litigation, 1995 WL 531805 at 1-2 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 18, 1995) ....................................................................15 In re National Mortgage Equity Corp., 116 F.R.D. 297 (C.D. Cal. 1987)...............................................................................................20 Intel Corp. v. VIA Techs., Inc., 176 F. Supp. 2d 991 (N.D. Cal. 2001) .......................................................................................23 Kingsland v. Dorsey, 338 U.S. 318 (1949)...................................................................................................................23 LaBounty Manufacturing, Inc. v. United States ITC, 958 F.2d 1066 (Fed. Cir. 1992) .................................................................................................22 Libbey Glass, Inc. v. Oneida, Ltd., 197 F.R.D. 342 (N.D. Ohio 1999) .......................................................................................14, 15 iii
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES FEDERAL CASES (continued) Monon Corp. v. Stoughton Trailers, Inc., 169 F.R.D. 99 (N.D. Ill. 1996).............................................................................................21, 22 Paragon Podiatry Laboratories, Inc. v. KLM Laboratories, Inc., 984 F.2d 1182 (Fed. Cir. 1993) ...............................................................................21, 22, 24, 25 QST Energy, Inc. v. Mervyn's and Target Corp., 2001 WL 777489 (N.D. Cal. May 14, 2001).............................................................................15 Rohm & Haas Co. v. Crystal Chemical Co., 722 F.2d 1556 (Fed. Cir. 1983) .................................................................................................20 Starsight Telecast, Inc. v. Gemstar Development Corp., 158 F.R.D. 650 (N.D. Cal. 1994).............................................................................15, 16, 19, 20 United States v. Clevenger, 733 F.2d 1356 (9th Cir. 1984) ...................................................................................................21 United States v. de la Jara, 973 F.2d 746 (9th Cir. 1992) ...............................................................................................20, 25 Weil v. Investment/Indicators, 647 F.2d 18 (9th Cir. 1981) .......................................................................................................15 DOCKETED CASES TV Interactive Data Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Case No. C-02-2385 ..................................................................................................................19 FEDERAL STATUTES 18 U.S.C. § 1001..............................................................................................................................5 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) ...........................................................................................................................7 35 U.S.C. § 103................................................................................................................................8 iv
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES FEDERAL STATUTES (continued) 37 C.F.R. §1.102(d) .........................................................................................................................4 37 C.F.R. § 1.132 .............................................................................................................................7 MISCELLANEOUS Manual of Patent Examining Procedure § 708.02 .........................................................................20 Mark A. Lemley, Rational Ignorance At The Patent Office, 95 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1495, 1500 (2001) .......................................................................................23

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NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO PLAINTIFF OVERTURE SERVICES, INC. AND TO ITS ATTORNEYS OF RECORD: NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that on August 3, 2004, at 9 a.m., or as soon thereafter as counsel may be heard in the above-captioned Court, located at Courtroom E, 15th Floor, 450 Golden Gate, San Francisco, California, Defendant and Counterclaimant GOOGLE INC. (hereinafter, "Google") moves this Court for an order compelling Plaintiff and Counterdefendant OVERTURE SERVICES, INC (hereinafter "Overture") to produce all documents and communications related to the prosecution of United States Patent 6,269,361 ("the `361 patent") by the law firm, Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione (hereinafter, "Brinks Hofer"). Google also moves to compel testimony from Overture witnesses concerning the prosecution of the `361 patent. Google's motion is brought under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37, on the ground that Overture has waived attorney-client privilege by permitting the patent attorneys who prosecuted the `361 patent application to testify about the substance of their communications with Overture employees. Brinks Hofer has similarly waived attorney work product immunity, to the extent that it applies, by permitting the patent attorneys to testify about their mental impressions and legal analysis in prosecuting the `361 patent. In light of Overture's and Brinks Hofer's waiver of the attorney-client and work product privileges, Google is entitled to all documents and communications on the subject matter of the `361 prosecution and to testimony from Overture witnesses concerning those documents and communications. In the alternative, Google is entitled to the requested documents and communications because the crime-fraud exception to privilege applies. The evidence gathered to date indicates that Overture and the prosecuting attorneys submitted declarations from one of the named inventors that not only misrepresented the features of the Overture system that had been in public use more than one year prior to the filing date, but also misrepresented the competence of the declarant to testify about that system. Because evidence indicates that fraud was committed in obtaining the `361 patent, Google is entitled to otherwise privileged documents and testimony under the crime-fraud exception. The motion is based upon this Notice of Motion and Motion, and Memorandum of Points vi
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and Authorities attached hereto, the pleadings, records, and papers on file in this action, the Declaration of Christine P. Sun ("Sun Decl.") and Ravind S. Grewal ("Grewal Decl.") filed concurrently herewith, and such argument and evidence as may be presented at the hearing on the Motion. Dated: June 29, 2004 By: KEKER & VAN NEST, LLP /s/ John W. Keker JOHN W. KEKER Attorneys for Defendant and Counterclaimant GOOGLE INC.

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MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES I. INTRODUCTION

Overture has sued Google for allegedly infringing the `361 patent. Google contends that the `361 patent is unenforceable because Overture1 and the attorneys at Brinks Hofer who prosecuted it committed inequitable conduct and fraud on the PTO.2 The evidence available to date leads Google to believe that Overture and Brinks Hofer, among other things, misrepresented the features of Overture's pre-critical date "pay for performance" search engine and submitted misleading inventor testimony to the PTO. In trying to defend against Google's inequitable conduct claim, Overture has permitted testimony about the substance of Brinks Hofer's communications with Overture employees. Overture has also permitted two of the three prosecuting attorneys to testify about their mental impressions and legal analysis covering a broad range of topics related to the `361 patent prosecution. Despite these disclosures, Overture refuses to produce hundreds of documents3 related to the `361 patent prosecution on the grounds of attorney-client and work product privilege. Overture has also instructed one of the prosecuting attorneys not to provide testimony concerning the very conversations which Overture allowed his colleagues to disclose. Overture cannot have it both ways. Overture cannot both use privileged information to defend against Google's inequitable conduct claims, but also prevent Google from obtaining the evidence that it needs in order effectively to cross-examine Overture witnesses at trial. In the alternative, Google seeks the requested documents under the crime-fraud exception. While Google acknowledges the seriousness of this allegation, evidence gathered

The patent was originally assigned to GoTo.com. GoTo.com changed its name to Overture in 2001. For simplicity, we refer to the company as "Overture" throughout. 2 We do not suggest that Overture's new counsel, Heller Ehrman, were in any way involved in this misconduct. 3 The withheld documents include documents explicitly specified in Overture's February 13, 2004 privilege log as being related to the `361 patent application, also identified as "U.S. patent application S/N 09/322,677," and documents specified in the log as being related to "enforcement of patent rights" dated prior to the issuance of the `361 patent. See Grewal Decl., Ex. A (Overture's privilege log). To the extent that Overture contends that some or all of the documents related to "patent enforcement" are not related to the `361 patent prosecution, Google requests that the Court order Overture to revise its log to make that distinction clear. 1
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thus far indicates that it is warranted here. Google believes that the Court need not decide this issue because Overture has waived privilege, but should the Court reject that argument, the Court should nonetheless compel Overture to produce otherwise privileged documents related to the `361 patent prosecution for in camera review. II. RELEVANT BACKGROUND

In order to understand Overture's waiver of privilege, it is necessary to understand the facts underlying Google's inequitable conduct claim. Thus, we begin by summarizing facts relevant to Google's inequitable conduct claim. A. Overture Launches a "Pay for Performance" Search Engine Overture was founded in late 1997 to provide a search engine that, unlike traditional search engines, would rank search listings based on the money paid by the sites listed. See Grewal Decl., Ex. B. On Overture's system, a web site promoter could "bid for higher placement within a list of search results for any given topic," by offering to pay a certain price if a user "clicked-through" to its web site. Id. at 74. On February 21, 1998, Overture introduced the "proof of concept" version of its search engine at the eighth annual TED ("Technology, Entertainment, and Design") conference in Monterey, California. Grewal Decl., Ex. C at 2. That same day, Overture issued a press release announcing the launch of its search engine that listed 19 different "charter advertisers" of its new marketplace driven search system, including iVillage.com, City Search, Shopping.com, eToys, and the Wedding Channel. Grewal Decl., Ex. B. Three days later, a Wired article reported that "[s]ince the launch of the site, only days ago, GoTo has signed-on companies at a rate of one every 10 minutes," according to then Overture CEO Jeffrey Brewer. Grewal Decl., Ex. D at 79. The article quantified the number of subscribers as topping 500. Id. Overture immediately began making money from the paid listings in its new search engine. A draft February 1998 business plan [---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------REDACTED-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] 2
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[-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REDACTED -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A May 19, 1998 press release about Overture's first round of financing again touted the financial success of Overture's search engine. See Grewal Decl., Ex. C. Overture attributed the investor interest in the company to the "Enormous User Growth" in its search engine. Id. at 1. As in its earlier press releases and the February 1998 business plan, Overture emphasized its "open-market bidding system" and the fact that advertisers "pay only for actual visits to their sites instead of for simple `exposures'" as major advantages of its new search engine. Id. at 1. B. More Than a Year After The Launch of Its Paid Listing Search Engine, Overture Files The `361 Patent Application The `361 patent application was filed more than one year later, on May 28, 1999, by Elaine K. Lee, who was then an associate at Brinks Hofer. See Grewal Decl., Ex. E at GOG 31579. The application described "a system and method for influencing a position on a search result list generated by a computer network search engine." Id. at GOG 31491. The inventors disclosed a search engine wherein listings are ranked pursuant to an amount that a web site promoter agrees to pay. Echoing the February 1998 press releases and Overture business plan, the `361 inventors claimed that their invention had the advantage that web site promoters would A March 1998 Overture draft business plan [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REDACTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] 5 "URL" stands for Uniform Resource Locator and is the address of a web site on the World Wide Web. 3
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only pay for click-throughs to their sites, and not for mere exposures. Id. at GOG 31495. 1. Brinks Hofer Quickly Files a Petition To Make Special, Supported by Mr. Davis' Rule 102 Declaration

Shortly after filing the patent application, on October 22, 1999, Ms. Lee filed a request that the PTO "make special," or expedite, the prosecution of the `361 application on the basis of actual infringement by several of Overture's competitors in the search engine market. See Grewal Decl., ¶7, Ex. F; see also 37 C.F.R. §1.102(d). In support of Overture's request, Ms. Lee submitted a declaration by inventor Darren Davis (the "Rule 102 Declaration"). Grewal Decl., Ex. G. In the Rule 102 Declaration, Mr. Davis provided several examples of publicly available search engines that allegedly infringed the claims of the `361 patent application. Id. at ¶¶ 2-7. Notably, Mr. Davis specifically testified about how he was able to determine that these other search engines practiced the limitations of the patent claims, including the requirement of receiving and recording click-throughs. One of the infringing search engines identified by Mr. Davis was the system offered by SearchUp.Inc., which Mr. Davis declared, "upon information and belief," was discovered by Overture employees on or about May 20, 1999. Id. at ¶ 3. Mr. Davis also asserted that Hitsgalore.com infringed the patent claims. Id. at ¶ 7. Mr. Davis asserted that claim 1 of the `361 application "would unquestionably be infringed" by Hitsgalore's system. Id. at ¶ 8. With respect to the limitation "recording a retrieval request event in the database corresponding to the searcher's retrieval request," Mr. Davis explained that Hitsgalore's website stated that each time a searcher "clicks through" a search listing, the bid amount corresponding to that search listing is deducted from the appropriate web site owner's account. Id. at ¶ 7(c). "A `click through' is therefore a retrieval request from the searcher to retrieve information associated with a search listing in the search result list." Id. Mr. Davis further explained that "in order for the bid amount to be properly deducted from the web site owner's account, this retrieval request is received and recorded by the hitsgalore.com service in conjunction with the searcher's browser's retrieval of information from the selected web site." Id. (emphasis added). Mr. Davis thus asserted to the PTO (and later confirmed in his deposition testimony) that Hitsgalore must have received and recorded retrieval requests from the user 4

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because the service charged web site promoters by "click throughs" to their web sites. See Sun Decl., Ex. C at 159:21-160:1 [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REDACTED -----------------------------------------------------------------------------].6 Mr. Davis also testified about the state of the prior art. He represented that a "careful and thorough search of the prior art" relating to the `361 application had been made and that the relevant results of that search had been disclosed to the patent examiner in an Information Disclosure Statement filed in August 1999. Grewal Decl., Ex. G at ¶ 9. Mr. Davis further testified that "the invention described in the Davis et al. application was [not] in public use or on sale in the United States of America more than one year prior to the filing date of this application." Id. at ¶ 10. Mr. Davis concluded his Rule 102 Declaration by affirming: "I declare that the foregoing statements made of my own knowledge are true, and that the foregoing statements made on information and belief are believed to be true; and further, that these statements were made with the knowledge that willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by fine, or imprisonment, or both, under 18 U.S.C. § 1001; and may jeopardize the validity of the Davis, et al. application, or any patent issuing therefrom." See Grewal Decl., Ex. G at ¶ 12. In reliance on Mr. Davis' statements concerning actual infringement by SearchUp, Hitsgalore, and other search engines and affirming the validity of the claimed invention, the PTO granted Overture's petition to make special in December 1999. See Grewal Decl., Ex. H. 2. Relying on Overture's Pre-Critical Date System, The Examiner Repeatedly Rejects The Patent Claims

About one month after granting the Petition to Make Special, the examiner rejected all 68 pending claims. See Grewal Decl., Ex. I. The examiner cited Overture's own May 19, 1998 press release describing Overture's publicly available search engine system, which Notably, in a declaration submitted to the PTO eleven months later, Mr. Davis would take the exact opposite position by asserting that Overture's pre-critical date system did not record retrieval requests, even though Overture had represented to the press and to its investors that the system charged promoters only for actual click-throughs to their websites. See Section II.B.3., infra. 5
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notwithstanding the supposed "careful and thorough search of prior art," had not been submitted to the PTO. Id. at 1-3; see also Grewal Decl., Ex. C. The examiner relied on the press release's explanation that: "Bidding for higher placement offers big benefit to advertisers . . . Any advertiser can increase a bid for a listing in order to obtain a higher ranking." See Grewal Decl., Ex. I at 2-3. The examiner rejected the claims as being anticipated by the pre-critical date press release, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 102(b).7 Id. Around the same time as the January Office Action, [----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REDACTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]. See Sun Decl., Ex. E at 14:7-19; 14:24-15:4. In April 2000, Mr. Rauch filed a response to the January Office Action, arguing that none of the prior art, including the May 19, 1998 press release, contained the limitation "a modifiable bid amount that is independent of other components of the search listing." See Grewal Decl., Ex. J at 2. Then, for each independent claim, Mr. Rauch identified other limitations that purportedly were not disclosed by the May 19 press release. Id. For claim 1, Mr. Rauch asserted that the press release did not disclose the limitation, "recording a retrieval request event in a database corresponding to the searcher's retrieval request." Id. The examiner remained unconvinced that the May 19 press release did not anticipate the claimed inventions, and once again rejected all 68 claims. See Grewal Decl., Ex. K at 2-3. At this point, having previously rejected the application on the same grounds, the examiner made his second rejection of all the claims "final." Id. at 4. 3. Overture Overcomes The Rejections By Mischaracterizing The Pre-Critical Date System

About three months after the "final" rejection, Mr. Rauch and a Brinks Hofer partner, James Naughton, participated in a telephone interview with the examiner. See Grewal Decl., Ex. L. According to the examiner's summary, Overture agreed to: i) submit an affidavit "to clarify features that were not present in the prior system as described in the press release 5/19/98" and Section 102(b) states in relevant part that a person shall be entitled to a patent unless "the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more than one year prior to the date of application for patent 6
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ii) "amend claim 1, for further clarification of features discussed." Id. (emphasis added). The examiner agreed to withdraw the finality of the last office action. Id. Shortly thereafter, in September 2000, the applicants submitted their second amendment to independent claims 1, 11, and 13-15. See Grewal Decl., Ex. M. As part of the remarks to the amendments, Mr. Rauch again denied that the pre-critical date system embodied the claimed inventions. Id., Ex. M at 5. He cited, as sole evidence of this "fact," a declaration by Mr. Davis submitted pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.132 (the "Rule 132 Declaration"). Id. With respect to claim 1, Mr. Davis alleged in the Rule 132 Declaration that the precritical date system did not implement the limitation "recording a retrieval request event in an account database corresponding to the searcher's retrieval request." See Grewal Decl., Ex. N. [------------------------------------------- REDACTED ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------]. See Sun Decl., Ex. C at 162:9-19. Indeed, in his earlier Rule 102 Declaration, Mr. Davis had explained that Hitsgalore must have received and recorded retrieval requests from the user because the service charged web site promoters by "click throughs" to their web sites. See Grewal Decl., Ex. G at ¶ 7(c). And, just like Hitsgalore, Overture's pre-critical date system charged web site promoters per "click through." See Grewal Decl., Ex. B ("Web sites will pay only for actual visits to their sites . . . .).8 As with his Rule 102 Declaration, Mr. Davis concluded his Rule 132 Declaration by attesting, under the penalty of perjury, that "all statements made herein of my knowledge are true and that all statements made upon information and belief are believed to be true . . . ." Grewal Decl., Ex. N at ¶ 12. With respect to all the independent claims, Mr. Rauch further asserted that Mr. Davis' declaration "specifie[d] limitations of each independent claim, claim 1 as amended herein and claims 11, 14, 15, 30, 52 and 68 that were not disclosed in the May 19, 1998 press release." Grewal Decl., Ex. M at 5. (emphasis added). Mr. Rauch's remarks were false. In the Rule 132 in the United States." 35 U.S.C. §102(b). 8 See also Grewal Decl., Ex. D (" . . . GoTo charges listing companies for delivering actual visits to their site. . . . Currently click-through prices range from 1 cent to 10 cents, with the number of click-throughs extending possibly into the thousands per day, according to Brewer."); Sun Decl., 7
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Declaration, Mr. Davis did generically attest that "[i]n May, 1998, at least some of the features claimed in the independent claims of the subject application were not yet implemented or in the public domain." See Grewal Decl., Ex. N at ¶3. But for four of the eight independent claims ­ claims 15, 30, 52, and 68 ­ Mr. Davis did not specify limitations that were neither disclosed by the May 19, 1998 press release nor part of the pre-critical date system. See id. at ¶¶ 8-11. Instead of identifying specific limitations that were not disclosed, Mr. Davis instead stated only that the "subject matter of the claim as a whole" was not disclosed. Id. Nevertheless, in reliance on Mr. Rauch's remarks and Mr. Davis' declaration, the examiner withdrew the finality of the previous § 102(b) rejection based on the May 19 press release. Although the examiner continued to question the patentability of the inventions on obviousness grounds, 35 U.S.C. § 103, after Mr. Rauch's September 28, 2000 remarks, the examiner dropped any consideration of what features were actually present in Overture's precritical date system. In the end, the Patent Office allowed all the independent claims, except for pending claim 14. The patent issued on July 31, 2001. C. In the Present Litigation, Mr. Davis Reveals That He Lacked Personal Knowledge of the Pre-Critical Date System As noted above, in his Rule 102 Declaration, Mr. Davis carefully stated that his testimony about the Searchup.com system was made "upon information and belief." But in both his Rule 102 and Rule 132 Declarations, Mr. Davis included no such caveats when testifying about the features of the pre-critical date system. Instead, Mr. Davis purported to provide to the examiner in those Declarations first-hand information about the features of the pre-critical date system. During Mr. Davis' deposition on May 21 and 22, 2003, Google questioned Mr. Davis about the basis for his testimony to the PTO about the pre-critical date system. [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REDACTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ex. A at 51 [--------------------------- REDACTED -----------------------------------------------]. 8
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------- REDACTED ------.9 D. Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee Disclose Attorney-Client Communications, Mental Impressions, and Legal Analysis During Their Depositions 1. Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee Testify About The Pre-Critical Date System, Mr. Davis' Rule 132 Declaration, and Mr. Davis' Knowledge

On July 18, 2003 and July 23, 2003, Google took the depositions of Ms. Lee and Mr. Rauch, respectively. During their depositions, both attorneys testified extensively about the prosecution of the `361 patent, including Brinks Hofer's and Overture's investigation of the precritical date system and its effect on the patentability of the claimed inventions and the preparation and accuracy of the Rule 102 and Rule 132 Declarations. In an attempt to rebut Google's inequitable conduct claims, the Brinks Hofer attorneys revealed both their mental impressions and their communications with Mr. Davis about these key issues. Indeed, during their depositions, Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee disclosed privileged information on a wide range of topics related to the `361 patent. [------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REDACTED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] a. Brinks Hofer's Assessment of The Pre-Critical Date System and Its Effect On The Patentability of The `361 Application

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b.

Brinks Hofer's Assessment of and Communications With Mr. Davis About The Accuracy of Mr. Davis' Declarations

Similar to their testimony about their knowledge of the features of the pre-critical date system, both Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee attempted to defend the accuracy of Mr. Davis' declarations by relying on their communications with Mr. Davis and their legal conclusions based on those communications. [------------------------------------ REDACTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [----------- REDACTED --------------------------------------------] [------------------------------------ REDACTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [----- REDACTED -------------------------] [----------------------------------- REDACTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [------------------------------------ REDACTED -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [------------------------------------ REDACTED ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [------------------------------------------- REDACTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [---------------------------------------- REDACTED ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [----------------------------------------- REDACTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [----------------- REDACTED -------------------------] [----------------- REDACTED ------------------------] [------------------------------------------ REDACTED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [--------------------------------------------------- REDACTED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] [------------------------------------------ REDACTED ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------] 2. Overture Belatedly Asserts Privilege On Its Privilege Log and During Mr. Naughton's Deposition

Despite this testimony revealing attorney client communications and Brinks Hofer's work product, Overture has made a blanket assertion of privilege over more than 300 documents encompassing Mr. Rauch's, Ms. Lee's, and Mr. Naughton's "notes" and their communications with Mr. Davis and other employees at Overture related to the prosecution of the `361 13

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application. See Grewal Decl., Ex. A (Overture's privilege log). In addition, at Mr. Naughton's recent deposition, Overture instructed Mr. Naughton not to answer any questions about conversations with Mr. Rauch, Mr. Davis, or others at Overture ­ including the very conversation about which Mr. Rauch was allowed to testify. See Grewal Decl., Ex. Q at 210:11-212:6. Thus, even though Overture permitted Mr. Rauch to testify that he did not investigate the features of the pre-critical date system in reliance on Mr. Naughton's purported assurances that it was a "beta system," Overture then prohibited Mr. Naughton from giving his account of those conversations or even confirming whether they had taken place. Similarly, Overture refused to permit Mr. Naughton ­ but not Mr. Rauch or Ms. Lee ­ to testify about the conversations he had with Mr. Davis and the other inventors about the early Overture search engine. See e.g., id. at 76:7-11; 166:20-23; 213:3-10. III. A. ARGUMENT

Overture Has Waived Attorney-Client Privilege On The Subject of The `361 Patent Prosecution 1. The Disclosures Revealed Substantive Attorney-Client Communications

Overture argues that there has been no waiver of the attorney client privilege. See Grewal Decl., Ex. O (citing Libbey Glass, Inc. v. Oneida, Ltd., 197 F.R.D. 342, 346-47 (N.D. Ohio 1999) (no waiver where party discloses "opaque references" and "passing allusions" to privileged communications and work product). Contrary to Overture's assertions, these disclosures are hardly opaque. A closer look at Libbey Glass, the lone case cited by Overture during meet and confer, highlights the differences between disclosures that do not waive privilege and those that do. In Libbey Glass, plaintiff alleged that defendant infringed the trade dress covering plaintiff's best-selling glassware patterns. Libbey Glass, 197 F.R.D. at 344. During discovery, defendant allowed its company officials to testify that its lawyers had given the "green light" on the manufacture of the alleged infringing product and that the company had "come as close as possible to the appearance of Libbey's [glasses] without copying" because of the "legal ramifications" of copying. Id. at 346. 14
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The court found that there was no waiver of attorney-client privilege because the officials had only made "passing allusions" to their communications with counsel. Id. In other words, the defendant's disclosures did not "illuminate[] the facts and analysis" underlying its counsel's advice. Id.; see also In re Brand Name Prescription Drugs Antitrust Litigation, 1995 WL 531805 at *1-*2 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 18, 1995) (waiver did not occur by statements revealing "counsel's direction to comply with the law generally"); Starsight Telecast, Inc. v. Gemstar Dev. Corp., 158 F.R.D. 650, 653 (N.D. Cal. 1994) ("`A mere denial of intent, without more, is insufficient to constitute a waiver.'"). In stark contrast to the disclosures which the Libbey Glass court and others have found insufficient to effect a waiver, here Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee revealed the substance of their communications with Mr. Davis and others at Overture about the prosecution of the `361 patent. Had Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee merely disclosed that they informed their clients to "follow the law generally" or generally denied an intent to deceive the PTO, the Court could conclude that Overture had not waived privilege. But Overture permitted Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee to rely upon the content of their communications with Mr. Davis and to explain how those communications informed their legal analysis in prosecuting the patent. 2. Overture's Disclosure Effects A Waiver Over The Subject Matter of The `361 Patent Prosecution

Voluntary disclosure of the content of attorney-client communications constitutes waiver of the privilege as to all other communications on the same subject. Weil v. Inv./Indicators, 647 F.2d 18, 24 (9th Cir. 1981). A party may not use the privilege as both a sword, by disclosing testimony that it deems helpful to its case, and a shield, by withholding evidence that could impeach that testimony. See Chevron Corp. v. Pennzoil Co., 974 F.2d 1156, 1162 (9th Cir. 1992); see also QST Energy, Inc. v. Mervyn's and Target Corp., 2001 WL 777489, *4-*5 (N.D. Cal. May 14, 2001) (compelling production of communications between testifying expert and counsel on subject matter of testimony). The doctrine prohibiting selective waiver applies in full force to the testimony of patent prosecution counsel. See ACLARA Biosciences, Inc. v. Caliper Tech. Corp., 2001 WL 777083 (N.D. Cal. June 16, 2000) (finding waiver of attorney-client 15

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privilege where party accused of inequitable conduct permitted substantive testimony by prosecution counsel); see also Starsight Telecast, 158 F.R.D. at 654 (waiver where prosecution attorney testified that prior art was "totally different and less relevant than art that was previously before the patent office."). The ACLARA decision illustrates how testimony in response to inequitable conduct charges can result in waiver. In that case, defendant Caliper asserted inequitable conduct as a defense to infringement. See ACLARA, 2001 WL 777083 at *1. Specifically, Caliper alleged that ACLARA's attorney and his law firm, which was also counsel to Caliper, engaged in inequitable conduct by using confidential Caliper information in prosecuting a patent owned by ACLARA. Id. In defense to the inequitable conduct allegation, ACLARA voluntarily disclosed all communications between ACLARA and the attorney, which evidently confirmed ACLARA's contention that the attorney had not disclosed Caliper's trade secrets. Id. at *2. ACLARA then refused to produce the remaining documents related to the patent prosecution, arguing that any waiver had been limited to communications between the attorney and ACLARA. Id. The Court rejected ACLARA's attempt to waive privilege selectively. Id. at *6. Because ACLARA voluntarily revealed its communications with the attorney, the Court ordered ACLARA to produce all communications between attorneys at the law firm and ACLARA, finding that "it would be unfair to allow disclosure of only the communications that ACLARA cho[o]ses." Id. Overture cannot choose the subset of attorney-client communications it wants to disclose to Google. Overture has permitted Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee to reveal the substance of some communications with Mr. Davis and other `361 inventors. Overture will argue that because Mr. Davis assured them that the early Overture system was a "beta system" and thus did not practice the inventions claimed in the `361 application, Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee did not have the intent to deceive the PTO about the features of the pre-critical date system. Overture will also argue that Mr. Rauch and Ms. Lee did not intentionally mislead the PTO about Mr. Davis' knowledge of the pre-critical date system because they had good reason to believe that Mr. Davis could testify about the differences between that search engine and the claimed inventions. See Section II.D., 16
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supra. Google is entitled to the withheld documents and testimony so that it can effectively challenge Overture's version of these events. B. Google Is Entitled To "Work Product" Documents Related To The `361 Patent Prosecution 1. Overture Has Not Made a Prima Facie Showing That Brinks Hofer's `361 Patent Prosecution Files Are Protected By The Work Product Immunity

Overture's privilege log includes tens of entries for attorney "notes" related to the `361 patent prosecution which are purportedly covered by the attorney work product privilege. Overture has not made a prima facie case that these withheld documents constitute attorney work product. The work product doctrine protects only those materials prepared "in anticipation of litigation." Conner Peripherals, Inc. v. Western Digital Corp., 1993 WL 726815 at *4 (N.D. Cal. June 8, 1993). In the context of patent prosecution files, "the work product immunity does not apply if the primary concern is with the claims raised in the ex parte patent application prosecution." Id. 2. Even If The Prosecution Files Constitute Attorney Work Product, Google Has a Compelling Need For The Documents

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(3), some work product is discoverable "upon a showing that the party seeking discovery has substantial need of the materials in preparation of the party's case and that the party is unable without undue